Showing papers by "University of New Hampshire published in 1973"

A coronal hole and its identification as the source of a high velocity solar wind stream

Abstract: X-ray images of the solar corona showed a magnetically open structure in the low corona which extended from N20W20 to the south pole. Analysis of the measured X-ray intensities shows the density scale heights within the structure to be typically a factor of two less than that in the surrounding large scale magnetically closed regions. The structure is identified as a coronal hole. Wind measurements for the appropriate period were traced back to the sun by the method of instantaneous ideal spirals. A striking agreement was found between the Carrington longitude of the solar source of a recurrent high velocity solar wind stream and the position of the hole.

Solar Gamma Ray Lines observed during the Solar Activity of August 2 to August 11, 1972

Abstract: WE report preliminary observations from OSO-7 on the emission of gamma ray lines associated with the solar flares on August 4 and 7, 1972. This is the first observation of such solar gamma rays.

The genesis of complex sentences

Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter highlights the genesis of complex sentences. There are a number of alternative observationally equivalent descriptions or analyses of these utterances that may turn out to be preferable for one reason or another. As an alternative to a structural or performance oriented explanation, the possibility that the observed distribution results from what children of that age talk about, that is, general exigencies of communication rather than as a gap in their knowledge of English syntax can be looked into. The distribution of relative clauses is dependent on that of names and pronouns—an extensive use of names and pronouns in an environment precludes or reduces the observation of relatives in that environment.

A Structural Theory of Social Exchange

Abstract: A theory is formulated with which to analyze transactions in social retationships Economic types of exchange characterized by calculation and self-interest on the part of the actors are contrasted with more "social" forms of transaction such as occur in the cases of role relationships with interlocking rights and obligations and persons strongly attached to one another. The social factors and conditions determining the types of transaction likely to occur between actors are examined in the paper. The key idea in this respect is that the structural and temporal context of interaction, including the past and anticipated character of their relationship, affects actors' orientations toward one another, their preferences, decisions and interaction patterns.

Food-Habitat Relationship of Sea Ducks on the New Hampshire Coastline

Abstract: Use of habitat, food preferences, and food availability were studied for seven species of waterfowl (white—winged scoter (Melanitta deglandi), surf scoter (M. perspicillata), common scoter (Oidemia nigra), oldsquaw (Clangula hyemalis), common goldeneye (Bucephala clangula), bufflehead (B. albeola), and red—breasted merganser (Mergus serrator)) on a 34—km section of the New England coastline during 1968—70. The three scoters selectively used areas of sandy substrate and had very similar food habits. The principal foods were the Atlantic razor clam (Siliqua costata) and Arctic wedge clam (Mesodesma arctatum), which were characteristic of, and abundant in, sandy substrate. In contrast to scoters, goldeneye preferred areas of rocky substrate associated with rocky headlands. They fed primarily on amphipods, isopods, crabs, and gastropods, which were commonly found in the Irish moss (Chondrus crispus) covering of the rocky sublittoral areas. Red—breasted mergansers, like goldeneye, also used the rocky areas. They fed primarily on several small fish species that were observed among the Irish moss and crevices of the rocky substrate. Bufflehead had the most restrictive distribution, being confined mostly to estuaries. Bufflehead fed primarily on sand shrimp, which were found only in harbors with soft ooze bottoms. Oldsquaw had the most generalized diet of all the sea ducks. The major food items consisted of bivalves, gastropods, sand shrimp, and isopods, which were found throughout the study area and accounted for the generalized distribution of oldsquaw along the coastline and in the harbors. Sea ducks were concentrated near the mouths of the estuaries, where more abundant food resources particularly bivalves, were found. Although the species vary, the types of foods eaten by sea ducks were similar to those described in other studies. Thus, food availability, coupled with the physical structure of the substratum in the different coastal habitats, is apparently a major determinant in the way that coastal waterfowl selectively use habitat types. The described patterns of habitat usage appear to have implications for other wide geographical areas.

Large-scale structure of the interplanetary medium. II - Evolving magnetic configurations deduced from multi-spacecraft observations

Abstract: We introduce a method for constructing large-scale (∼0.25 AU) interplanetary magnetic field lines using only solar wind velocity from well-separated appropriately located spacecraft. The technique is based on ‘labeling’ the field lines at each spacecraft with their coronal connection longitudes calculated in the EQRH (extrapolated quasi-radial hypervelocity) approximation (Nolte and Roelof, 1973). Even though the EQRH approximation is most applicable to quasi-steady solar wind, we propose that it should also be satisfactorily accurate for moderately evolving conditions. For strongly evolving conditions (e.g., flare-associated plasma) we propose a straightforward correction based on the inferred coronal longitudinal velocity profile. To illustrate the multispacecraft EQRH technique, we perform a calculation in which the interplanetary field lines in a model evolving solar wind disturbance are deduced from model observations at separated spacecraft. Since the expected agreement is found, we use data from Pioneers 8 and 9 and Vela to construct field lines for an unusually quiet period (April 26–30, 1969) and for a flare-associated disturbance accompanied by a Forbush decrease (March 23–25, 1969). The deduced field lines (even though strongly distorted by the disturbance), order the onsets of the Forbush decrease at the separated spacecraft, and the interplanetary plasma and field structures correspond to equatorial structures apparent in Hα synoptic charts of chromospheric magnetic features.

Ecological studies of Codium fragile in New England, USA

Abstract: The seasonal growth and reproduction of Codium fragile were studied at Boothbay Harbor, Maine, and at Woods Hole and Wings Neck, Massachusetts (USA), in relation to several environmental parameters. Maximum growth and reproduction occur during periods of highest water temperatures and insolation. The effects of various light intensities and temperatures on the photosynthesis rates of C. fragile were determined and correlated with the field results. Optimal conditions for net photosynthesis are 21° to 24°C and 900 to 1100 foot-candles. It is suggested that C. fragile is a warm-temperate plant that is growing near its northern limits in New England, but one that has not extended to its potential southern limits.

U-Pb Zircon Age of Precambrian Basement Gneiss of South Korea

Abstract: A U-Pb zircon age of 2,150 m.y. confirms the middle Precambrian age for basement gneiss of South Korea.

Neutron measurements in space

Abstract: The experimental measurements of the neutron flux and energy spectrum in space since 1964 are reviewed and related to the theoretical predictions. A discussion of the neutron sources is presented. The difficulties associated with neutron measurements of both the atmospheric neutron leakage flux and solar neutrons are included. Particular emphasis is placed upon the neutron leakage flux and energy measurements at energies greater than about 1 MeV. The possibilities of CRAND as a source for the energetic trapped protons are discussed in light of recent measurements of the 10–100 MeV neutron flux. The current status of the solar neutron flux observations is also presented.

Evidence for differences in the energy spectra of cosmic ray nuclei.

Abstract: THE existence of differences in the energy spectra of the various cosmic ray nuclei at energies ≳ 1 GeV nucleon−1 would have important implications for the method of acceleration of the cosmic rays and their propagation in interstellar space. But only recently has it been possible to isolate and compare the spectra of particular charges or charge groups with the requisite statistical accuracy over a broad enough energy range.

Some ecological effects of artificial circulation on a small eutrophic lake with particular emphasis on phytoplankton

Abstract: A small eutrophic New Hampshire lake was artificially circulated from July 16 to September 12, 1968. Artificial circulation destratified Kezar Lake completely; the stability of stratification was reduced to zero when the lake became isothermous. Mixing caused an increase in the heat budget. Water transparency also increased after mixing.

Developmental aspects of sirenomelia in the mouse.

Abstract: The mutant gene srn produces sireniform abnormalities in the mouse. The effects of this gene on normal prenatal development were examined histologically by retrograde analysis from day 10 through day 18 of gestation. The sireniformphenotype is characterized by the fusion of the hindlimbs and accompanying defects of the posterior appendicular skeleton. Visceral defects involve the urogenital system and the lower intestinal tract. A single umbilical artery arises from the dorsal aorta and controls the fetal circulatory pathway normally mediated by the lateral umbilical arteries. This artery is believed to have resulted from the fusion of the paired primitive umbilical arteries. It is suggested that the srn mutation causes a narrowing of the posterior amnion early in development. The resulting abnormal pressure causes a dorsal displacement of the hindgut, allowing fusion of the hindlimb buds. Abnormal structural relationships and pressure in the narrowed posteriior region disrupt normal urogenital and intestinal development and increase the proximity of the primitive umbilical arteries.

General systems theory, psychiatry and psychotherapy.

Abstract: (1973). General Systems Theory, Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy: Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 292-305.

A Preliminary Report on Research Comparing Self- and Hetero-hypnosis

Abstract: A method is described for the study of the relationship between self- and hetero-hypnosis and initial findings are presented. A new instrument is described, the Inventory of Self-Hypnosis (ISH) which is a self-hypnosis adaptation of the hetero-hypnotic Harvard Group Scale, Form A (HGS). The new scale permits the making of precise item-by-item quantitative comparisons between the effects of these two scales. Preliminary research with 29 non-motivated college student subjects suggests that mean levels of responsiveness to the two scales are about the same, that item difficulty levels have much in common, but that whatever it is that the ISH measures is largely different from what the HGS measures. The findings help to formulate the need to study what it is that contributes to the similarities and differences. Further studies are in progress.

Incorporation of radioactive pyrimidine nucleosides into DNA and RNA of Eimeria tenella (Coccidia) cultured in vitro.

Abstract: SYNOPSIS Autoradiographic methods were used to study the incorporation of tritiated cytidine, thymidine, and uridine into asexual stages of Eimeria tenella cultured in embryonic chick kidney cells Developing parasites did not incorporate 3H-thymidine either when host cells were labeled prior to infection or when the cultures were labeled for 30 min, 48–72 hr after infection Continuous exposure of infected cultures to 3H-thymidine for up to 18 hr resulted in light labeling of cell cytoplasm and schizonts 3H-cytidine and 3H-uridine were incorporated into parasites developing in cultures that were labeled before infection When the cultures were labeled for 30 min, 48–72 hr postinfection and fixed immediately, schizonts were labeled lightly with 3H-cytidine but contained dense accumulations of 3H-uridine

Metabolic sources of ammonia in the earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris L

Abstract: The earthworm Lumbricus terrestris is ammonotelic while feeding but becomes ureotelic with fasting. 1 The metabolic sources of ammonia nitrogen in feeding worms have been examined. Two deaminating enzymes, L-serine dehydratase and 5′-AMP deaminase, have been observed to be present in high activity. The latter enzyme was an order of magnitude more active than the former. 2 The activity of L-serine dehydratase was modified by theophylline but not by cyclic AMP. 3 5′-AMP deaminase appears to be an allosteric enzyme with ATP functioning as a positive modulator. The positive allosteric effector increases the apparent affinity of 5′-AMP deaminase for its substrate while having no effect on the maximum velocity of the reaction. 4 Both enzymes were located predominantly in the gut tissue. 5 While neither enzyme decreased in activity with fasting their possible role in ammonia production is discussed.

Sulfur and the toxicity of the red alga ceramium rubrum to bacillus subtilis1,2

Abstract: SUMMARY Crystalline sulfur has been isolated from the red seaweed Ceramium rubrum and shown to be responsible for the toxicity of this alga to the growth of Bacillus subtilis. This alga was unusual in that it contained a much higher free sulfur content than other red and brown algae tested.

Some ecological effects of artificial circulation on a small eutrophic lake with particular emphasis on phytoplankton II. Kezar lake experiment, 1969

Abstract: A small eutrophic New Hampshire lake was artificially circulated (mixed) from 28 May to 15 September, 1969, inclusive, to impede the annual bloom of a noxious blue-green alga; yet Aphanizomenon flos-aquae bloomed immediately after mixing was commenced. The bloom collapsed in early July; it was succeeded by heavy growth of predominantly chlorophycean taxa. In an in vitro experiment Aphanizomenon flos-aquae did reattain bloom proportions when the influence of artificial circulation was removed. Other phytoplankton exhibited population pulses only when the dominance of cyanophycean and chlorophycean taxa were in transition. Mixing maintained uniform vertical populations of all phytoplankton. Changes in water transparency attended fluctuations in phytoplankton abundance.

The distribution of ammonia-generating enzymes along the intestine of the earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris L†

Abstract: The linear distribution of ammonia-generating enzymes (L-serine dehydratase and 5′-AMP deaminase) along the gut of Lumbricus has been examined using that of the digestive enzymes as a frame of reference. 1 This study confirms the observations of earlier workers indicating a high activity of digestive enzymes in the anterior region of the gut with declining activity toward the posterior. 2 5′-AMP deaminase has a distribution paralleling that of the digestive enzymes. In contrast, L-serine dehydratase is exclusively confined to the hindgut. It appears, therefore, that two potential centers for ammonia production exist in this species.

Tracheloraphis haloetes sp. n. (Ciliophora, Gymnostomatida): Description and a Key to Species of the Genus Tracheloraphis

Abstract: SYNOPSIS Tracheloraphis haloetes sp. n. occurred in a water sample from a Bahama industrial salt works (S = 82 ppt). Its measurement, shape, ciliation (pericytostomal, locomotory, and nonmotile), internal structure, and behavior are described. A simple binary key is used to indicate its similarities to and differences from its congeners. The key is based on characteristics of nuclear configuration, glabrous zone morphology, body shape, and patterns of ciliation.