Showing papers by "University of North Texas published in 1981"
Journal Article•
341 citations
TL;DR: Parsimonious attribute models reported by as discussed by the authors account for 70 to 90 percent of the variance in the voting of postwar Supreme Court justices in split decisions concerning civil rights and liberties, and economics.
Abstract: The prevailing view among students of judicial politics is that judges' background characteristics or personal attributes cannot provide satisfactory explanations for variation in their decision-making behavior. Parsimonious attribute models reported here account for 70 to 90 percent of the variance in the voting of postwar Supreme Court justices in split decisions concerning civil rights and liberties, and economics. Seven variables representing six meaningful and easily interpretable concepts achieve this success. The concepts are Judge's Party Identification, Appointing President, Prestige of Prelaw Education (economics only), Appointed from Elective Office, Appointment Region (civil liberties only), Extensiveness of Judicial Experience, and Type of Prosecutorial Experience. The impressive performance of these models is attributed to superior measurement, operationalization, and model building; to a greater similarity between personal attribute models and more fully specified ones than has been assumed; and to the possibility that the attitudes which intervene between the personal attributes and the voting of judges are causally very closely linked to voting.
237 citations
TL;DR: Results empirically support the hypothesis that reproduction has energetic priority over tail regeneration in short-lived, iteroparous species with a low probability of future reproductive success.
Abstract: Energy reserve utilization and energy budgets were compared in tailed and tailless adult female Coleonyx brevis. Carcass, fat body and caudal energy reserves were used for vitellogenesis; mass and energy content (cal/mg and/or cal/reserve) of each were significantly lower at oviposition than at the initiation of vitellogenesis. Total energy reserves accounted for 53% of the reproductive energy investment in tailed females compared to 29% in tailless females. Tailed females had over twice as many reserve calories for egg production than tailless females. Caudal energy reserves represented 60% of the total reserves of tailed females and were one-third greater than the total energy reserves of tailless females. To produce a clutch of eggs both tailed and tailless females supplemented energy reserves with net metabolizable energy that was available after metabolic costs were paid. Tailless females had a significantly greater rate of food ingestion and more net metabolizable energy available for reproduction than tailed females, yet allocated significantly fewer calories/day to reproduction than tailed females, primarily because of the loss of caudal reserves. Reproductive efforts of tailed and tailless females were equivalent. However, the loss of caudal reserves resulted in the production of eggs that were significantly lower in mass and energy content (cal/mg and cal/egg) than when caudal reserves were used. Results empirically support the hypothesis that reproduction has energetic priority over tail regeneration in short-lived, iteroparous species with a low probability of future reproductive success.
186 citations
TL;DR: In this article, active non-linear optical effects in semiconductors are reviewed, which arise because of the dynamics of excited populations of charge carriers temporarily created in otherwise empty states when a beam of laser radiation is incident on the material.
Abstract: In this article active non-linear optical effects in semiconductors are reviewed. These processes arise because of the dynamics of excited populations of charge carriers temporarily created in otherwise empty states when a beam of laser radiation is incident on the material. A large number of different effects have been observed in different semiconductor materials recently and the non-linearities cover a wide range of magnitudes both in time-scale and size of non-linearity. The theory and physical concepts relevant to these processes are described and experimental observations using both high power pulsed and low power c.w. lasers are reviewed. Applications in optical bistability, phase conjugation, optical gating and optoelectronic gating are discussed.
162 citations
137 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of preexisting and manipulated self-efficacy on competitive motor performance were found to significantly influence performance in a 2 × 2 ×2 (sex by selfefficacy by manipulated efficacy) task.
Abstract: This investigation was designed to determine the effects of preexisting and manipulated self-efficacy on competitive motor performance. Male (n = 46) and female (n = 46) subjects were classified as being high or low in preexisting self-efficacy before the experiment began and were randomly assigned to either a high- or low-manipulated self-efficacy condition in a 2 × 2 × 2 (sex by self-efficacy by manipulated efficacy) design. Efficacy was manipulated by having subjects compete against a confederate on a muscular leg-endurance task where the confederate was said to be either a varsity track athlete (low-manipulated self-efficacy) or an individual who had had knee surgery (high-manipulated self-efficacy). To create aversive consequences, the experiment was rigged so that subjects lost in competition on the two muscular leg endurance task trials they performed. Both preexisting and manipulated self-efficacy were found to significantly influence performance, with preexisting self-efficacy influencing perform...
127 citations
TL;DR: The best indicators that pollen assemblages have been altered are high frequencies of deteriorated grains and low total pollen concentrations.
125 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an explanation of laser-induced ripples in dielectric surfaces is given, taking into account the polarization charge which is induced on the boundaries of defects by the applied laser field.
Abstract: An explanation of laser-induced ripples in dielectric surfaces is given. The model takes into account the polarization charge which is induced on the boundaries of defects by the applied laser field. It is shown that this charge results in a sinusoidally varying perturbation to the applied laser field in the vicinity of the defect, and that the perturbation field has a period of \lambda/n , where λ is the laser wavelength and n is the index of the dielectric. It is further shown that this perturbation is greatest along the direction of laser polarization. At sufficiently high laser field intensities, the sum of the applied laser field and the maxima in the perturbation field will exceed the damage threshold, and a permanent ripple pattern in the surface will result. The predicted spacing and orientation of these ripples is in agreement with the experimentally observed data. Finally, it is shown how bootstrapping occurs to enhance the ripple pattern, once begun, and what roles propagation delays, defect size, and laser polarization state play in the process.
115 citations
TL;DR: A review of the mental practice literature can be found in this paper, which suggests that mental practice should be used in conjunction with physical practice and should not be thought of as a replacement for physical practice.
Abstract: This paper reviews the mental practice literature as well as more current research on the effect of specific mental preparation strategies on skilled performance. A synopsis of the mental practice literature indicated that mental practice was generally effective in enhancing performance. For maximum effectiveness, mental practice should be used in conjunction with physical practice and should not be thought of as a replacement for physical practice. The degree of effectiveness of mental practice is dependent on a number of variables, such as conceptualizing ability, previous experience, task type, and length of practice session. Recently, researchers have begun to study the effect of specific mental preparation on motor performance. Some of the more popular techniques include imagery, selfefficacy statements, attentional focus, preparatory arousal, and relaxation. In addition, several recent techniques such as stress innoculation training and visuomotor behavior rehearsal use a combination of the techniqu...
90 citations
87 citations
TL;DR: Investigation of release of arachidonate from 2-arachidonyl diglyceride by human platelet microsomes found that diglycerides labeled with 14 C-stearate at sn-1 and with 3 H-arACHidonate atSn-2 were used as a substrate for microsomal diglycerid lipase, and studies on substrate specificity indicated thatDiglyceride lipase utilized 2-Arachidonic diglycerine as the best substrate.
TL;DR: This article reviews the effectiveness of the technique and is intended to help counselors draw implications for using bibliotherapy in their professional practices.
Abstract: Counselors have been prompted to use bibliotherapy, but recommendations for using the technique are rarely based on published research. This article reviews the effectiveness of the technique and is intended to help counselors draw implications for using bibliotherapy in their professional practices.
TL;DR: In this article, an anger control treatment program was described for use with aggressive elementary school children, which integrated cognitive behavioral and social problem-solving strategies, and was based on a systematic model of anger arousal.
Abstract: An anger‐control treatment program is described for use with aggressive elementary school children. The treatment program integrated cognitive behavioral and social problem‐solving strategies, and was based on a systematic model of anger arousal. Therapy groups are designed to meet for 40‐minute sessions twice weekly for six weeks. An outline of the group sessions’ goals and activities is presented. A preliminary evaluation based on teacher ratings and behavioral checklists of twelve aggressive children suggests that controlled research to determine the effectiveness of the Anger Control Program is warranted.
01 Jun 1981
TL;DR: The psychological measures tended to remain constant throughout both studies, leading to the conclusion that the effectiveness of treatment was specific to physical functioning rather than to a psychological enhancement of well-being.
Abstract: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a painful systemic disease and is believed to be exacerbated by stress. Relaxation and biofeedback strategies have demonstrated utility in alleviating both pain and stress-related symptomatology, and therefore were tested for efficacy with this disease in a two-phase study. First, 24 patients were taught a relaxation technique and then trained in either temperature elevation or reduction. Second, a group of 15 patients thus trained was compared with 8 others who received traditional physiotherapy modalities. Psychological tests, functional/physical evaluations, as well as measurements related to pain, sleep, and other activities were carried out. Results of the first study revealed significant and positive changes following treatment that were primarily related to pain, tension, and sleep patterns for both groups, but no differential effects were noted between temperature elevation or reduction conditions. This was attributed to both groups having maintained temperature above baseline during biofeedback training. The results of the second study consistently favored the relaxation and biofeedback over the physiotherapy group on the physical/functional indices. The psychological measures tended to remain constant throughout both studies, leading to the conclusion that the effectiveness of treatment was specific to physical functioning rather than to a psychological enhancement of well-being.
TL;DR: Gaulin and Schlegel as discussed by the authors examined the data used to test a sociobiological hypothesis relating male parental certainty with investment practices and concluded that methodological flaws invalidate the results of their tests.
TL;DR: A homogeneous preparation of prostaglandin 9-ketoreductase/type II 15-hydroxyprostaglandins dehydrogenase from swine kidney was employed to investigate the substrate specificity of the enzyme, and it appears to be a general aldo-keto reductase.
TL;DR: While the alcohol ingestion was associated with a significant reduction in self-reported fear while approaching a harmless snake, no corresponding increase in approach behavior was observed, and a tentative hypothesis is offered regarding the necessary and sufficient conditions for the belief that one has consumed alcohol to alter one's behavior.
TL;DR: The possible existence in soil of a still undiscovered phase of the Azotobacter cyst is suggested and evidence is provided to support this claim.
Abstract: The history of bacteriology up to the 1950s contains many references to filterable forms of bacteria but misconceptions regarding the nature of filterability eventually made the entire phenomenon an unresolvable paradox1–4. Although the existence of filterable azotobacter has often been reported5–9, so much doubt in these results has been expressed10,11 that now Bergey12 does not even mention filterability. In 1965 we reported the resistance of soil azotobacter to γ rays and concluded that the possibility of a very small Azotobacter form could not be dismissed13 and as a result of studies on survival in soil, we suggested the possible existence in soil of a still undiscovered phase of the Azotobacter cyst14. We report here the discovery of these small, soil azotobacter and provide evidence to support this claim.
TL;DR: Two proteins, each possessing reversible prostaglandin 9-ketoreductase and type II 15-hydroxyprostaglandIn dehydrogenase activities, have been purified to homogeneity from swine kidney and indicated that the two different enzyme activities were associated with the same enzyme proteins.
TL;DR: Polymorphism at the Mdh-B locus, encoding supernatant malate dehydrogenase, indicates that populations within 57 km of the dam are distinctive from other regional populations and possess a unique M dh-B allele.
Abstract: Populations of a common forage fish, red shiner Notropis lutrensis, were sampled from four localities on the Brazos River, Texas, affected by cold-water discharge from a hydroelectric dam and from unaltered sites in the same region. Polymorphism at the Mdh-B locus, encoding supernatant malate dehydrogenase, indicates that populations within 57 km of the dam are distinctive from other regional populations and possess a unique Mdh-B allele, have significantly higher levels of heterozygosity at the Mdh-B locus, represent a homogeneous set that have significantly different Mdh-B zygotic frequencies from other regional populations, and have significantly different Mdh-B zygotic proportions than would be expected under a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Increased levels of heterozygosity in fish within 57 km of the dam were correlated with discharge-associated fluctuations in water temperature at sampling stations.
TL;DR: It is hypothesized that a general stress-reduction model might be more useful in the development of an effective treatment of psoriasis.
Abstract: The client was a 31-yr.-old white male evidencing multiple psoriatic plaques. The condition was considered severe and had been resistant to previous dermatological treatments. Following a baseline period of 3 wk., 30 treatment sessions were conducted over a 7-mo. period. Each treatment session consisted of 20 min. of skin temperature training at the target plaque site and 15 min. of supportive psychotherapy focused on personal adjustment problems. Photographs of the plaque area and skin temperature recordings were taken during each session. Ratings of the photographs indicated marked improvements of dermatological signs. Despite efforts to reduce skin temperature, small but consistent increases were obtained. It was not possible to assess the relative contribution of biofeedback training, psychotherapy, cognitive variables, or uncontrolled life events. It is hypothesized that a general stress-reduction model might be more useful in the development of an effective treatment of psoriasis. Follow-up checks a...
TL;DR: A novel mechanism is attributed to the effect of nondialyzable heat-stable factor(s) present in the crude preparation which stimulates the formation of 12-L-hydroxy-5,8,10-heptadecatrienoic acid from prostaglandin H2 in a time-dependent manner.
TL;DR: In this paper, the relationship among general anxiety, age, and measures of conscious and unconscious death anxiety were assessed in three groups of adult subjects varying in age and extent of contact with elderly persons.
Abstract: Relationships among general anxiety, age, and measures of conscious and unconscious death anxiety were assessed in three groups of adult subjects varying in age and extent of contact with elderly persons. Data suggested that these relationships are complex, but that some degree of overlap exists among these factors both within and across groups. Knowledge and attitudinal data relating to death and aging suggested that similarities rather than differences should be emphasized in comparing these groups of students and care and service providers, and that there is less reason to assume a perceived conscious association between death and aging than previously believed based on current literature. These data are discussed from an applied developmental perspective.
TL;DR: Results indicate that P. simulans possesses an intermediate tolerance of nitrite relative to fish species and that chloride ions act as antagonists to nitrite ions at monovalent ion uptake sites, but apparently do not compete with the uptake of the uncharged nitrous acid (HNO 2 ) molecule.
TL;DR: The results suggest that the synthesis/release mechanism for corticosterone is not associated with the lipid droplets but may involve specific components in the non-lipid fraction.
TL;DR: Lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase was isolated from a human plasma fraction in a homogeneous state by an efficient and highly reproducible procedure and was found to be free of any polypeptide contaminant as indicated by gel electrophoresis, sedimentation equilibrium ultracentrifugation, immunodiffusion, and immunoelectrophoresism.
TL;DR: Gene variation at 33 enzymic and other protein loci was examined for 16 populations of Cottus confusus and six populations ofC.
TL;DR: In this paper, K-shell ionization by low-velocity ions was discussed and x-ray-production measurements were reported for protons, deuterons, and alpha particles incident on thin foils of copper, niobium, silver, and antimony.
Abstract: Article discussing K-shell ionization by low-velocity ions. K-shell x-ray-production measurements are reported for protons, deuterons, and alpha particles incident on thin foils of copper, niobium, silver, and antimony.