Showing papers by "University of Queensland published in 1979"
TL;DR: The molar absorption coefficient of the dianion of TNB is 14,150 at 412 nm in dilute aqueous salt solutions and this value was confirmed independently by reduction of purified DTNB with cysteine.
1,004 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a theory is developed in which the glacier surface profile is related to the hydraulic and strength properties of potentially deformable bed materials, and a large proportion of the forward move-ment of a glacier lying on such a bed may be contributed by deformation of the bed rather than the glacier.
Abstract: Although theories of glacier movement generally assume that glaciers flow over rigid rock beds, there are many places where glaciers rest on beds of deformable sediment, and the great Pleistocene ice sheets which extended from time to time over much of Northern Europe and North America were largely underlain by such beds. Observations show that a large proportion of the forward move-ment of a glacier lying on such a bed may be contributed by deformation of the bed rather than the glacier. A theory is developed in which the glacier surface profile is related to the hydraulic and strength properties of potentially deformable bed materials. If these have a high hydraulic transmissibility, melt water is readily discharged sub-glacially, the bed is stable, and the profile is a normal parabolic one, governed by the rheological properties of ice. If bed transmiss-ibility is low, water pressures build up, the bed begins to deform, and a lower equilibrium profile will develop, so that in an extreme case the glacier approximates to a thin flat sheet, similar to an ice shelf.-from Authors
435 citations
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that seismic energy loss caused by grain boundary friction is important only at low confining pressure and at strains greater than about 10−6, since these conditions are generally not encountered in seismology, frictional attenuation is not important in situ.
Abstract: Precise experimental results, combined with theoretical predictions, indicate that seismic energy loss caused by grain boundary friction is important only at low confining pressure and at strains greater than about 10−6. Since these conditions are generally not encountered in seismology, frictional attenuation is not important in situ. Other mechanisms such as fluid flow must dominate seismic attenuation in the upper crust.
236 citations
TL;DR: Theoretical perspectives relating self-esteem to the work role and activities are outlined in this paper, and problems inherent in its measurement are discussed. But, the methodological and conceptual problems encountered are highlighted prior to reviewing the intrinsic and extrinsic job characteristics which influence selfesteem, and evidence pertaining to the moderating effects of chronic global selfesteem on such relationships is incorporated.
208 citations
TL;DR: Circumstantial evidence exists which suggests that the stable lesion is in fact a T- cell-mediated mechanism, and an hypothesis is presented to explain the change from a stable to a progressive state in terms of a shift from a predominantly T-cell lesion to one involving large numbers of B-cells.
Abstract: Changes in the host's immunological response or, alternatively, changes in the oral microflora have been implicated as possible mechanisms by which a stable lesion of chronic inflammatory periodontal disease may become a progressive lesion leading to tissue destruction and tooth loss. It has recently been established that the progressive lesion in humans can be unequivocally considered as a B-cell response. Circumstantial evidence exists which suggests that the stable lesion is in fact a T-cell-mediated mechanism. An hypothesis is presented to explain the change from a stable to a progressive state in terms of a shift from a predominantly T-cell lesion to one involving large numbers of B-cells. Mechanisms of this shift in cell populations are considered together with a discussion of possible means of preventing such a shift.
172 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that EPF inhibits the expression of an immune response in vivo, and the immunosuppressive activity of HCG has been disputed by several workers working with highly purified material.
Abstract: IMMUNOSUPPRESSION during pregnancy has important consequences not only with respect to the recognition of the antigenically dissimilar embryo1 but also in terms of susceptibility to viral or tumour assaults2,3. We have recently described an early pregnancy factor (EPF) detectable within 24 h of mating and have postulated that this protein is responsible for depression of lymphocyte activity during pregnancy4–6, Immunosuppressive properties have been attributed to other proteins detectable during pregnancy. These include pregnancy-associated macroglobulin7,8 α-fetoprotein9 and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)10,11. One characteristic these substances have in common, but in which they differ from EPF, is that they are not present, or not detectable, in the early stages of pregnancy. Recently the immunosuppressive activity of HCG has been disputed by several workers working with highly purified material12,13. We have now shown that EPF inhibits the expression of an immune response in vivo.
136 citations
TL;DR: The observation that aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase and ethylmorphine demethylase activities are influenced to a different extent by liver disease and also by drug ingestion indicates functional heterogeneity of the hepatic microsomal drug‐metabolizing system in man.
Abstract: The concentration of cytochrome P-450 and activities of the microsomal enzymes aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase and ethylmorphine demethylase were measured in hepatic tissue obtained at biopsy from 69 patients Antipyrine half-life (AP t1/2) was measured simultaneously as an in vivo marker of drug metabolism Values for each index of the drug-metabolizing system varied greatly, but the mean values in groups of patients with mild hepatitis or inactive cirrhosis did not differ significantly from those of controls Hepatic cytochrome P-450 content and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity were lower in patients with severe hepatitis or active cirrhosis than in controls, but ethylmorphine demethylase activity was unchanged in the patients Drug ingestion was associated with enhancement of drug-metabolizing enzymes in all patients but those with severe liver disease; ethylmorphine demethylase activity was enhanced proportionately more than aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity or cytochrome P-450 concentration The observation that aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase and ethylmorphine demethylase activities are influenced to a different extent by liver disease and also by drug ingestion indicates functional heterogeneity of the hepatic microsomal drug-metabolizing system in man Correlations between t1/2 and hepatic drug oxidases were weak, even when allowance was made for variation in liver size Thus, the rate of drug metabolism in vivo assessed by measuring AP t1/2 does not appear to be closely related to the activity of some hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes
135 citations
TL;DR: The results support the hypotheses that guinea-pig trachea contains a mixture of β1- and β2-adrenoceptors and that Guinea-Pig atria contain only β1 -adrenOceptors.
Abstract: 1.
pA2 values have been obtained for propranolol, butoxamine, H35/25 and atenolol on guinea-pig isolated trachea and atria (rate) using noradrenaline (β1-selective), isoprenaline (non-selective) and fenoterol (β2-selective) as agonists.
2.
pA2 values varied with the agonist used on trachea but not on atria and, therefore, trachea: atria selectivity values varied with the agonist used.
3.
It is suggested that the best estimate of the selectivity of an antagonist between β2- and β1-adrenoceptors is obtained by comparing its pA2 value obtained on trachea using a β2-selective agonist with that obtained on atria using a β1-selective agonist. The reasons for this are discussed.
4.
The quantitative values for β2:β1 selectivity obtained using the above pA2 values were butoxamine 17.0, H35/25 13.5, propranolol 2.75 and atenolol 0.036, i.e. butoxamine and H35/25 were β2-selective, propranolol was non-selective and atenolol was β1-selective.
5.
The results support the hypotheses that guinea-pig trachea contains a mixture of β1- and β2-adrenoceptors and that guinea-pig atria contain only β1-adrenoceptors.
122 citations
TL;DR: In attempting to elucidate the cause of the fibrosis that accompanies progression to cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis, it may be more relevant to study the effect on fibroblasts of substances liberated during lymphocyte-hepatocyte interactions than the death of the hepatocytes.
114 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of seat belt legislation introduced in the state of Queensland was examined by using two approaches, one consisting of modeling time series of road deaths before intervention (the legislation) as a Box-Jenkins univariate time series model, and the second approach, involving causal model and incorporating a proxy explanatory variable and autoregressive moving average error, was fruitful in overcoming the limitation of the previous approach.
Abstract: The effect of seat belt legislation introduced in the state of Queensland was examined by using two approaches. The first approach consisted of modeling time series of road deaths before intervention (the legislation) as a Box-Jenkins univariate time series model. As we expected, this model proved to be inadequate in explaining the postintervention period, and the model was modified to incorporate the expected form of the intervention effects. Results showed that the legislation produced significant reduction in the road toll, but this analytical approach was limited in describing long-run effects. The second approach, involving causal model and incorporating a proxy explanatory variable and autoregressive-moving average error, was fruitful in overcoming the limitation of the previous approach. The long-run legislative effect was quantified, at a specific level of the explanatory variable, to be a 46 percent reduction in deaths.
104 citations
TL;DR: This article argued that the Keynesian revolution was a revolution in the sense of Kuhn and that Kuhn's conceptual framework provides a better understanding of the convulsive changes that took place in macroeconomics in the twenties and thirties than alternative growth of knowledge theories that are being discussed in the economics literature at the present time.
Abstract: In this article we shall argue that the Keynesian revolution was a revolution in the sense of Kuhn and that Kuhn's conceptual framework provides a better understanding of the convulsive changes that took place in macro‐economics in the twenties and thirties than alternative growth of knowledge theories that are being discussed in the economics literature at the present time. In the last ten years or so economists have become increasingly interested in the various growth of knowledge theories that have been developed by philosophers of science such as Kuhn, Popper, Lakatos and others. This heightened interest on the part of economists is to be explained by the fact that these new theories are based on the actual behaviour of scientists. The new philosophers of science devote their attention not to “correct scientific method” but to the actual behaviour of scientists. It is because of this revolution in the historiography of science that economists have been able to relate these new theories to their own work and to the development of economic theories in the past.
TL;DR: An electrically-operated hand, controlled by myopotentials, has been fitted with strain gauges in the index finger which measure the gripping force between thumb and index finger, which report an improved level of confidence when using the prosthesis.
Abstract: An electrically-operated hand, controlled by myopotentials, has been fitted with strain gauges in the index finger which measure the gripping force between thumb and index finger. These strain gauges cause an electrical stimulus to be applied to the skin directly above the median nerve. This stimulus consists of a series of pulses with the pulse repetition rate increasing as the pinch force increases. Patients fitted with prostheses incorporating this feedback report an improved level of confidence when using the prosthesis.
TL;DR: The engorged larvae of Haemaphysalis longicornis, Ixodes holocyclus and Rhipicephalus sanguineus were exposed to a range of temperatures and humidities to see whether the nature of their requirements in the laboratory were similar to the climate within the geographic range of each species.
TL;DR: By describing the lesion in this way, it was possible to establish a convenient model to explain the immunopathogenesis of progressive chronic inflammatory periodontal disease and, although the zones described were not anatomically distinct, man should be considered as a B-cell lesion.
Abstract: Natural, humoral and cellular immune mechanisms have all been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory periodontal disease. However, confusion still exists as to the role played by each of these immunological mechanisms. Recently, characterization of the cell types within the progressive lesion has been established, in which four recognizable zones were described. Immediately subjacent to the epithelium lining the periodontal pocket both polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN's) and macrophages were seen, while cells deeper in the tissues had the morphological appearance of lymphocytes. The majority of these lymphocytes had a B-cell phenotype although a few T-cells and macrophages were found. On the advancing front of the lesion the cells had the morphological appearance of plasma cells, the majority of which contained IgG. Other cells found in this region had the morphology of plasma cells yet contained no cytoplasmic immunoglobulin, but they did contain substantial amounts of lysosomal enzymes. Similar cells have previously been described in periodontal disease; their frequent association with fibroblasts may suggest that they are important in the pathogenesis. Deposits of IgG and fibrin were found in the fibrous tissue band surrounding the lesion. These results are reviewed and, although the zones described were not anatomically distinct, by describing the lesion in this way it was possible to establish a convenient model to explain the immunopathogenesis of progressive chronic inflammatory periodontal disease. In this respect, progressive chronic inflammatory periodontal disease in man should be considered as a B-cell lesion.
TL;DR: In both cases, stereodeficient observers demonstrated reduced interocular transfer of the aftereffect relative to stereonormal observers, suggesting that the perception of subjective contours depends on excitation of neural feature detectors rather than simply on cognitive inference.
Abstract: Stationary lines appear to move from left to right following exposure to lines moving from right to left. This aftereffect, which normally is generated by exposure to moving edges that are defined in terms of local luminance discontinuity, can also be induced by adaptation to displays containing subjective contours. In both cases, stereodeficient observers demonstrated reduced interocular transfer of the aftereffect relative to stereonormal observers. Since interocular transfer of the motion aftereffect entails binocular function within the visual system, these results suggest that the perception of subjective contours depends on excitation of neural feature detectors rather than simply on cognitive inference.
TL;DR: In vitro cultures of lymphocytes from worm-free sheep responded to larval and adult H. contortus antigens by undergoing blast transformation and were heritable and positively correlated with resistance to subsequent primary, secondary and trickle infection by the parasite.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors attributed a stampede of small to medium-sized bipedal dinosaurs -both herbivores (ornithopods) and minor-league predators (coelurosaurs).
Abstract: Numerous and well-preserved trackways in mid-Cretaceous sediments of West Central Queensland, Australia, are attributed to a stampede of small to medium-sized bipedal dinosaurs - both herbivores (ornithopods) and minor-league predators (coelurosaurs). The tracks of a single large predator (carnosaur) suggest a reason for the stampede. These trackway data permit calculation of sustained running speeds for the coelurosaurs and ornithopods.
TL;DR: In this article, the spectroscopic results are presented for most of the nebulae observed in a programme involving some forty planetaries measured with an image tube scanner at Lick Observatory and with a photo-electric spectrum scanner at Mt. Wilson Observatory.
Abstract: Spectroscopic results are presented for most of the nebulae observed in a programme involving some forty planetaries measured with an image tube scanner at Lick Observatory and with a photo-electric spectrum scanner at Mt. Wilson Observatory. The spectroscopic range normally covered, λ 3700 to λ 8700 is supplemented for a few objects with appropriate photographic data calibrated photoelectrically for the region λ 3120-λ 3800. Available published photoelectric data are also employed to improve the calibration of the finally adopted system of intensities.
TL;DR: Papilloma virus isolates from 13 individual bovine cutaneous warts were characterized by monospecific rabbit antisera and were shown to fall into two groups without detectable crossreactivity when tested by immune electron microscopy or complement fixation.
TL;DR: The results are discussed in relation to the transmission of arboviruses, particularly Murray Valley encephalitis virus and pulmonary dirofilariasis of man and dogs in Australia.
Abstract: Closely spaced stable traps were used to determine the preferences of mosquitoes for 6 vertebrates at Kowanyama, northern Queensland, on 4 occasions during the wet and dry seasons of 1974–75. A total of 44 626 mosquitoes from 35 taxa was collected and compared with 26 215 specimens of 15 taxa trapped at Charleville, south-west Queensland, in February 1976. Host preference was analysed in detail for 11 species; Anopheles bancroftii Giles, An. amictus Edw., An. annulipes Wlk., An. farauti Lav., An. meraukensis Venhuis, Aedes bancroftianus Edw., Ae. normanensis (Tayl.), Ae. vittiger (Skuse), Culex annidirostris Skuse, Cx. quinquefasciatus Say (=fatigans Wied.) and Mansonia uniformis (Theo.). All species in these experiments, including the important vector of arboviruses, Cx. annulirostris, preferred mammalian baits, especially calf, although An. bancroftii and Cx. quinquefasciatus preferred man. Blood-meals of 5802 engorged mosquitoes of 21 taxa collected from natural resting sites at Kowanyama village were analysed by the precipitin test. Mammals, particularly dogs, were the most important hosts. Cx. squamosus (Tayl.) and Cx. quinquefasciatus were the only species to feed extensively on birds (75–6 and 28–7%, respectively). Uranotaenia albescens Tayl. fed almost entirely on amphibia. No seasonal shifts in feeding of An. bancroftii, An. annulipes, Cx. annulirostris or Cx. quinquefasciatus were evident from either host-preference or host-feeding patterns, the latter being evaluated using a ‘ Feeding Index ’. These results are discussed in relation to the transmission of arboviruses, particularly Murray Valley encephalitis virus and pulmonary dirofilariasis of man and dogs in Australia.
TL;DR: Since it has been demonstrated that bioavailability, serum protein binding, prednisone‐prednisolone interconversion, and t½β remained constant over this dosage range, the altered Vd may account for the nonlinear relationship between AUC and dose.
Abstract: Kinetic data for prednisolone and prednisone have been determined following oral administration of prednisolone over a dosage range of 5 to 200 mg in 43 subjects Intravenous studies have been performed at 20 mg and 100 mg in 3 subjects At all dosage levels the elimination (t 1 2β for prednisolone remained constant (t 1 2β 35 ± 02 hr [20 mg], t 1 2 37 ± 01 hr [100 mg] mean ± SEM) For prednisolone, there was a linear relationship between dose and AUC0 a and Cmax up to a dose of 20 mg, but above this level AUC0 a and Cmax demonstrated a less rapid increase as the dose increased The prednisone AUCo a remained a constant proportion, 26 ± 2%, of the prednisolone AUCo a at all dosage levels Bioavailability of prednisolone was 985 ± 4% There was a constant amount of prednisolone bound to cortisol-binding globulin (CBG) (145 ± 16 ng/ml) and as a proportion of the remaining serum prednisolone, the free remained at 14 ± 2% and non-CBG protein-bound prednisolone at 86 ± 2% over the whole dosage range The intravenous studies demonstrated a significant difference in the volume of distribution of prednisolone as the close changed from 20 mg (Vd 58 ± 4L) to 100 mg (Vd 90 ± 6 L) Since it has been demonstrated that bioavailability, serum protein binding, prednisone-prednisolone interconversion, and t 1 2β remained constant over this dosage range, the altered Vd may account for the nonlinear relationship between AUC and dose
TL;DR: It was concluded that substance P has both a direct action to increase vascular permeability in rat skin and an indirect action mediated by amine release from mast cells, whereas neurotensin has mainly an indirect amine-releasing action.
Abstract: 1. The effects on cutaneous vascular permeability of substance P. physalaemin, eledoisinrelated peptide, bradykinin, somatostatin, neurotensin, methionine enkephalin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, cholecystokinin and pentagastrin were investigated in rats using a quantitative Evans blue dye leakage technique to estimate plasma exudation. 2. Substance P, physalaemin, eledoisin-related peptide, bradykinin, somatostatin and neurotensin produced plasma exudation, neurotensin being the most potent of the peptides tested. The high potency of neurotensin would suggest that this peptide might play a role in local regulation of the microcirculation in some organs. 3. Pretreatment of rats with mepyramine and methysergide significantly reduced responses to substance P (5×10-9 mol) and neurotensin (5×10-9 mol). 4. Responses to neurotensin (5×10-11 and 5×10-10 mol) were almost abolished by mepyramine and methysergide and also be pretreatment of skin sites with compound 48/80. The response to substance P (5×10-10 mol) was not reduced by compound 48/80 but was reduced by mepyramine and methysergide. The response to substance P (5×10-9 mol) was reduced by both treatments but was not abolished. 5. No significant interactions were found between any of the peptide combinations tested. 6. The effect of neurotensin was significantly potentiated by 5-hydroxytryptamine, PGE1 and ATP. 7. It was concluded that substance P has both a direct action to increase vascular permeability in rat skin and an indirect action mediated by amine release from mast cells, whereas neurotensin has mainly an indirect amine-releasing action.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors consider whether a small sample of social workers was using theoretical knowledge as a basis for activities in practice and find that the use of this type of knowledge was minimal.
Abstract: This study considers whether a small sample of social workers was using theoretical knowledge as a basis for activities in practice. The findings indicate that the use of this type of knowledge was minimal. They also bring to light a number of questions related to the development of knowledge for use in social work practice.
TL;DR: Thirty-nine male and 90 female patients aged 40 and over, who had been given a primary diagnosis of depression, were followed up for 2 1/3-4 years and 9 male and 9 female patients died.
Abstract: Thirty-nine male and 90 female patients aged 40 and over, who had been given a primary diagnosis of depression, were followed up for 2 1/3-4 years. During this period 9 male and 9 female patients died. Five male patients and 1 female died from cancer that had not been diagnosed at the time of their psychiatric admissions. The male cancer deaths are significantly higher than expected. The possible relationships of malignant neoplasm to affective disorder are discussed.
TL;DR: The range of (presumed) polyketide constituents in comatalid crinoids has been extended to include bianthronyls, meso-naphthodianthrones and sulphate esters of various of the polyketides.
Abstract: The range of (presumed) polyketide constituents in comatalid crinoids has been extended to include bianthronyls, meso-naphthodianthrones and sulphate esters of various of the polyketides. Several species of fish are deterred from eating food by the inclusion in it of these sulphates at the concentration found in crinoids. Sodium 2-hydroxy-anthraquinone sulphate and anthraquinone-2-suphonate were also active as antifeedants for the species tested.
TL;DR: Feeding in the platypus Ornithorhynchus anatinus was investigated by identifying material found in the cheek pouches of animals trapped in nets in a study area on the upper Shoalhaven River.
Abstract: Feeding in the platypus Ornithorhynchus anatinus was investigated by identifying material found in the cheek pouches of animals trapped in nets in a study area on the upper Shoalhaven River, N.S.W. Benthic samples were taken in the rapids and pools of the river and the relative abundance of food items available was related to the food found in the platypus cheek pouches. The main food organisms found were insect larvae, notably Trichoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera, Ephemeroptera and Odonata. Subsidiary food items found included freshwater shrimp Paratya australiensis, bivalve mollusks (Sphaerium sp.) and one anuran. The main food items were generally taken in direct proportion to their numerical abundance in the river. Comparisons are made with the food selected by the brown trout Salmotrutta from the area. Estimates are made of the weights of invertebrate food necessary to maintain a platypus in various seasonal conditions.
TL;DR: The aromatic polysulfone poly(oxy-1, 4-phenylenesulfonyl-1-4-phenylene) (I) showed no change in flexural yield strength after doses of γ-radiation up to 600 Mrad in vacuum at 35,80, and 125°C (Tg = 190°C), but the flexural strength decreased markedly with doses above 100 Mrad on irradiation in air, to 40-60% of the initial value after 200-400 Mrad, depending on the sample and the irradiation conditions
Abstract: The aromatic polysulfone poly(oxy-1,4-phenylenesulfonyl-1,4-phenyleneoxy-1,4-phenyleneiso-propylidene-1,4-phenylene) (I) showed no change in flexural yield strength after doses of γ-radiation up to 600 Mrad in vacuum at 35,80, and 125°C (Tg = 190°C)). However, the flexural strength decreased markedly with doses above 100 Mrad on irradiation in air, to 40–60% of the initial value after 200–400 Mrad, depending on the sample and the irradiation conditions. Chain crosslinking was predominant over scission for irradiation in vacuum at all temperatures; (G(X), G(S), and G(S)/G(X) increased with the irradiation temperature, but G(S)/G(X) decreased to zero above Tg. Poly(oxy-1,4-phenylenesulfonyl-1,4-phenylene) (II) behaved similarly, except that the flexural strength was found to be very dependent on the thermal treatment of the sample. This polymer showed a remarkable retention of its mechanical properties on irradiation up to 200°C (Tg = 230°C) in the absence of air, the flexural strength being retained up to 500 Mrad. Radiation annealing occurred at 35°C in vacuum and air and combined radiation and thermal annealing at 125 and 220°C. Progressive removal of surface layers from flexural test bars of I irradiated in air showed that the decrease in flexural strength with dose could be explained by a decrease in the molecular weight towards the surface resulting from radiation-oxidation reactions.
TL;DR: It is concluded that the variation in plasma disappearance of ferritins of different tissue origin was explainable on the basis of carbohydrate content of the molecule.
Abstract: Significant differences were observed in the rate of disappearance from plasma of ferritins purified from rat serum and from different organs. Ferritin from all sources including purified serum ferritin was rapidly removed from plasma by the liver. No difference in biological half-life was observed between apoferritin prepared by ultracentrifugation of liver ferritin and whole liver ferritin and iron-loaded animals cleared injected serum ferritin from plasma at a comparable rate to normal rats. When amounts of 100 microgram of ferritin were injected into rats the half-life was significantly lengthened. The study confirmed the fact that ferritin iron and ferritin protein were removed from plasma at the same rate. No consistent effect of acidic or more basic isoferritin composition on biological half-life was apparent. After chromatography on concanavalin A-Sepharose 6B those ferritins which were predominantly bound to Con A-Sepharose had a half-life which was approximately twice that of ferritins which did not bind. It is concluded that the variation in plasma disappearance of ferritins of different tissue origin was explainable on the basis of carbohydrate content of the molecule.
TL;DR: In this article, a version of the Black and Scholes dividend yield experiment is conducted, with a view to determining whether there exists a preference for dividends versus capital gains, and the experiment reveals a relatively large relationship between dividend yields and risk-adjusted share returns.
Abstract: A version of the Black and Scholes dividend yield experiment is conducted, with a view to determining whether there exists a preference for dividends versus capital gains. Using data from the 1960s the experiment reveals a relatively large relationship between dividend yields and risk-adjusted share returns, in the year subsequent to the payment of the dividend yields. The observed dividend effect is too large to be explained by major hypotheses concerning market-wide preferences for or against dividends.