University of Tennessee

About: University of Tennessee is a education organization based out in Knoxville, Tennessee, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 41976 authors who have published 87043 publications receiving 2828517 citations. The organization is also known as: UTK & UT Knoxville.

Children's Food Preferences: A Longitudinal Analysis

Abstract: Objective To compare children's food preferences longitudinally and identify factors related to food preferences. Design Mothers completed the Food Preference Questionnaire for children at 2 to 3 years of age (T 1 ), 4 years (T 2 ), and 8 years (T 3 ) and for themselves at T 1 and T 3 Both groups completed a Food Neophobia Scale at T 3 . Subjects 70 child/mother pairs who had participated continuously in the longitudinal study. Statistical analyses performed Changes in food preferences over time were tested with paired t tests and correlations. Consistency percentages were calculated by summing the consistent matches (like/like) for each food between two time periods. Similarly, concordance percentages were calculated for child/mother pairs by summing the concordant matches for each food. General linear models were developed to identify influences on children's food preferences. Results Although children liked most foods, the number of liked foods did not change significantly during the 5 to 5.7 years of the study. The strongest predictors of the number of foods liked at age 8 years (R 2 =0.74) were the number liked at 4 years ( P P =.0003). Newly tasted foods were more likely to be accepted between T 1 and T 2 than T 2 and T 3 Mothers' and children's food preferences were significantly but moderately related. Foods disliked by mothers tended not to be offered to children. Applications/Conclusions The important role of children's early food preferences is confirmed by this study. Mothers influence children via their own preferences, which may limit foods offered to children. J Am Diet Assoc. 2002;102: 1638-1647 .

Moving towards individualized medicine with pharmacogenomics

Abstract: Individuals respond differently to drugs and sometimes the effects are unpredictable. Differences in DNA that alter the expression or function of proteins that are targeted by drugs can contribute significantly to variation in the responses of individuals. Many of the genes examined in early studies were linked to highly penetrant, single-gene traits, but future advances hinge on the more difficult challenge of elucidating multi-gene determinants of drug response. This intersection of genomics and medicine has the potential to yield a new set of molecular diagnostic tools that can be used to individualize and optimize drug therapy.

Chimeric receptors with 4-1BB signaling capacity provoke potent cytotoxicity against acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Abstract: To develop a therapy for drug-resistant B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), we transduced T lymphocytes with anti-CD19 chimeric receptors, consisting of an anti-CD19 single-chain variable domain (reactive with most ALL cases), the hinge and transmembrane domains of CD8α, and the signaling domain of CD3ζ. We compared the antileukemic activity mediated by a novel receptor (‘anti-CD19-BB-ζ’) containing the signaling domain of 4-1BB (CD137; a crucial molecule for T-cell antitumor activity) to that of a receptor lacking costimulatory molecules. Retroviral transduction produced efficient and durable receptor expression in human T cells. Lymphocytes expressing anti-CD19-BB-ζ receptors exerted powerful and specific cytotoxicity against ALL cells, which was superior to that of lymphocytes with receptors lacking 4-1BB. Anti-CD19-BB-ζ lymphocytes were remarkably effective in cocultures with bone marrow mesenchymal cells, and against leukemic cells from patients with drug-resistant ALL: as few as 1% anti-CD19-BB-ζ-transduced T cells eliminated most ALL cells within 5 days. These cells also expanded and produced interleukin-2 in response to ALL cells at much higher rates than those of lymphocytes expressing equivalent receptors lacking 4-1BB. We conclude that anti-CD19 chimeric receptors containing 4-1BB are a powerful new tool for T-cell therapy of B-lineage ALL and other CD19+ B-lymphoid malignancies.

The International Exascale Software Project roadmap

Abstract: Over the last 20 years, the open-source community has provided more and more software on which the world’s high-performance computing systems depend for performance and productivity. The community has invested millions of dollars and years of effort to build key components. However, although the investments in these separate software elements have been tremendously valuable, a great deal of productivity has also been lost because of the lack of planning, coordination, and key integration of technologies necessary to make them work together smoothly and efficiently, both within individual petascale systems and between different systems. It seems clear that this completely uncoordinated development model will not provide the software needed to support the unprecedented parallelism required for peta/ exascale computation on millions of cores, or the flexibility required to exploit new hardware models and features, such as transactional memory, speculative execution, and graphics processing units. This report describes the work of the community to prepare for the challenges of exascale computing, ultimately combing their efforts in a coordinated International Exascale Software Project.