Showing papers by "University of Toronto published in 1969"
TL;DR: In this paper, a series of 88 cases of renal cell carcinoma treated by radical nephrectomy showed a statistically significant improvement in the 3,5 and 10-year survival rates, due to early ligation of the renal artery and vein, complete removal of the perinephric envelope and surgical extirpation of the lymphatic field.
1,160 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the maximum packing density of hard spheres can be determined from models if care is taken to ensure random packing at the boundary surfaces and if correction is made for volume errors at the boundaries.
Abstract: Models of randomly packed hard spheres exhibit some features of the properties of simple liquids, eg the packing density and the radial distribution The value of the maximum packing density of spheres can be determined from models if care is taken to ensure random packing at the boundary surfaces and if correction is made for volume errors at the boundaries Experiments for both the random `loose' and the random close-packed densities are reported with fraction one-eighth in plexiglass, nylon and steel balls in air, and also with steel balls immersed in oil A series of measurements for the random close-packed density has been made with up to 80 000 steel balls and with the aid of a mechanical vibrator A computer analysis of the results permits a one-step, two-parameter extrapolation to infinite volume The figure so obtained for the random close-packed density is 06366±00005, which represents an improvement in precision over previous results by an order of magnitude
635 citations
01 May 1969
TL;DR: It is concluded that this simple instrument has potential value for the assessment of leisure time exercise behavior, offering the possibility of examining changes in behavior following the implementation of health and physical fitness promotion programmes in the community.
Abstract: The reliability and concurrent validity of a simple questionnaire to assess leisure time physical activity has been investigated on 306 self-selected healthy adults of both sexes (163 M; 143 F). Values of body fat (BF) and maximum oxygen intake (VO2 max) expressed as percentiles of appropriate age and sex categories were used as criteria of validity for the questionnaire. BF and VO2 max were predicted from the Durnin and Womersley skinfold equations, and the laboratory version of the Canadian Home Fitness Test respectively. The strongest correlation was between VO2 max (percentile) and reported strenuous exercise (r = 0.35). The optimum discriminant function for VO2 max was based on a combination of reported strenuous and light activity. This yielded a correct 2-way classification of 69% of the subjects. A combination of sweat-inducing and moderate exercise yielded a correct 2-way classification of BF for 66% of subjects. The reliability coefficients for the optimum discriminant functions classifying VO2 max and BF were 0.83 and 0.85 respectively. We conclude that this simple instrument has potential value for the assessment of leisure time exercise behavior, offering the possibility of examining changes in behavior following the implementation of health and physical fitness promotion programmes in the community.
440 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the presence of gelatin in the medium in which washed platelets are suspended decreases the adherence of platelets to surfaces, although it does not diminish the extent of release of platelet contents induced by gamma globulin-coated tubes.
295 citations
291 citations
283 citations
TL;DR: This paper found that there are separate prelinguistic auditory and visual short-term stores which may have persistence at least as long as 5-10 sec. The results seemed clearly inconsistent with a Sperling-type one-store model and somewhat at variance with the Morton logogen model.
265 citations
TL;DR: In this article, free recall of lists of words in which some items were presented once and some twice was examined in two experiments, and the major independent variable was lag, the number of items intervening between the first and second presentations of repeated words.
237 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the Lighthill theory was used to calculate the relative contributions of the different quadrupole self and cross-correlations to the sound emitted in a given direction.
Abstract: The effects of convection and refraction dominate the heart-shaped pattern of jet noise. These can be corrected out to yield the small ‘basic directivity’ of the eddy noise generators. The observed quasi-ellipsoidal pattern was predicted by Ribner (1963, 1964) in a variant of the Lighthill theory postulating isotropic turbulence superposed on a mean shear flow. This had the feature of dealing with the joint effects of the quadrupoles without displaying them individually. The present paper reformulates the theory so as to calculate the relative contributions of the different quadrupole self and cross-correlations to the sound emitted in a given direction. Some minor errors are corrected.Of the thirty-six possible quadrupole correlations only nine yield distinct non-vanishing contributions to the axisymmetric noise pattern of a round jet. The correlations contribute either cos4θ, cos2θ sin2θ or sin4θ directional patterns, where θ is the angle with the jet axis. A separation into parts called ‘self noise’ (from turbulence alone) and ‘shear noise’ (jointly from turbulence and mean flow) may be made.The nine self-noise patterns combine as
$A\; cos^4\theta(1)+A\; cos^2sin^2\theta(\frac{7}{8}+\frac{7}{8}+\frac{1}{8}+\frac{1}{8})+A sin^2 \theta (\frac {12}{32} & + & \frac{12}{32}+\frac{7}{32}+\frac{1}{32})\\
& = & A(cos^2\theta+sin^\theta)^2 = A;$
this is uniform in all directions as it must be, arising from isotropic turbulence. The two non-vanishing shear-noise correlation patterns combine as
The overall ‘basic’ pattern (self noise plus shear noise) thus has the form A + B(cos2θ + cos4θ)/2; this is a slight change from the previous result. The dimensional constants A and B are of comparable magnitude; the pattern in any plane through the jet axis thus resembles an ellipse of modest eccentricity.Frequency spectra are also discussed, following the earlier work. Since the self noise depends quadratically on turbulent velocity components and the shear noise only linearly, there is a relative shift of the self noise to higher frequencies. This in conjunction with refraction figures in the explanation of the deeper pitch of jet noise radiated at small angles to the axis.Finally, the predictions are shown to be compatible with recent experimental results.
217 citations
210 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a numerical iterative method of computing the actual charge distribution around the conductor in the corona is presented, which is applicable to any general configuration for which the space-charge-free field can be calculated.
Abstract: Theoretical calculation of corona losses for practical unipolar dc transmission line configurations presents considerable difficulty because of the nonlinear nature of the equations describing the space-charge fields. The application of numerical methods to obtain solutions of practical interest is discussed. One of the difficulties in the analysis of space-charge fields is the determination of the actual charge distribution around the conductor in the corona. A numerical iterative method of computing this charge distribution is presented. The method is applicable to any general configuration for which the space-charge-free field can be calculated. The line- to-plane configuration is considered. A method of including the effect of conductor surface irregularities in the theoretical calculation of corona losses is outlined, and it is suggested that, by the same method, Popkov's formula may also be modified to make it applicable to lines with practical transmission-line conductors. Calculations by the method of analysis developed as well as by the modified Popkov equation are compared with experimental results.
TL;DR: Two specialized transducing phages are used as a source of complementary sequences from which to prepare pure lac operon duplex and the availability of a single pure promoter will facilitate many new experiments on genetic transcription.
Abstract: Two specialized transducing phages, which carry the lac operon of Escherichia coli inserted into their DNA in opposite orientations, are used as a source of complementary sequences from which to prepare pure lac operon duplex. The availability of a single pure promoter will facilitate many new experiments on genetic transcription.
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the fast electron hopping process in magnetite is essentially a pair-localized phenomenon, with the non-paired octahedral Fe 3+ ions not participating in the hopping process.
TL;DR: A cyclic reaction sequence for inhibition of the enzyme by ouabain is proposed and related to physiological transport of sodium and potassium ions.
TL;DR: This paper showed that recall of high-priority events in a series of events constituting a free-recall task interferes with postexposure processing of mnemonic information about immediately preceding events.
Abstract: Supervention of high-priority events in a series of events constituting a free-recall task interferes with postexposure processing of mnemonic information about immediately preceding events, with the result that recall of these preceding events is impaired Recall of immediately following events is not affected This retrograde interference is time dependent
TL;DR: Enzymic methods of micro assay have been described for four neutral sugars commonly present in glycoproteins and glycolipids which enable detection of 0.025 μmole of d -mannose, d -glucose,d -galactose, or l -fucose in a glycoprotein digest.
TL;DR: A large family tree did not support previously collected evidence in favour of this association with musculo-skeletal disease, although the pattern of inheritance appears to be that of autosomal dominance with reduced penetrance and variable expressivity.
Abstract: Malignant hyperthermia is a genetically inherited condition in many cases. The pattern of inheritance appears to be that of autosomal dominance with reduced penetrance and variable expressivity. The condition is not manifested in infancy or old age. The possible association with musculo-skeletal disease requires further investigation, although a large family tree did not support previously collected evidence in favour of this association.
TL;DR: The observation that all the procentrioles in each cell are in the same stage of development indicates thatall the centrioles or presumptive basal bodies required by this cell are produced at the same time.
Abstract: Morphological aspects of centriole replication as displayed in tracheal epithelial cells of 15 to 19-day-old chick embryos during ciliogenesis were examined by electron microscopy. It was found that centriole replication and development take place in a finely fibrous region around the two mature centrioles of the diplosome. Procentrioles in early stages of development are observed in clusters. The core of each cluster is occupied by one or more cylindrical structures which gradually disappear as the procentrioles mature. Some of the procentriolar clusters are attached directly to the walls of the diplosomal centrioles by the cylindrical cores. This observation suggests that all of the clusters may form initially in close association with the diplosomal centrioles. The earliest recognizable procentrioles are short, cylindrical structures that have no microtubules. Later microtubules appear, first as singlets, then doublets and finally as triplets. The singlet becomes the innermost microtubule of the triplet. Following the assembly of the nine triplets, the procentrioles separate from the clusters, elongate to their mature length and acquire rootlets, ciliary vesicles and cilia. The observation that all the procentrioles in each cell are in the same stage of development indicates that all the centrioles or presumptive basal bodies required by this cell are produced at the same time.
TL;DR: The superficial muscle fibers develop substantially more tension than the deep muscle fibers in high K+, in caffeine, in highK+ plus caffeine, and during prolonged spikes in solutions containing tetraethylammonium chloride.
Abstract: The fibers in the deep and superficial extensor muscles of the lobster abdomen differ in structural and physiological characteristics. The superficial extensor muscle fibers have relatively long (> 6 μ) sarcomeres, in which thin and thick myofilaments overlap for about 3 μ per half-sarcomere at rest length. The deep extensor muscle fibers have relatively short (< 4 μ) sarcomeres, in which the region of overlap is about 1.5 μ per half-sarcomere at rest length. The ratio of thin to thick filaments is 6:1 in the superficial muscle fibers and 3:1 in the deep muscle fibers. Contraction and relaxation are much more rapid in the deep muscle fibers. The superficial muscle fibers develop substantially more tension than the deep muscle fibers in high K+, in caffeine, in high K+ plus caffeine, and during prolonged spikes in solutions containing tetraethylammonium chloride. The results are consistent with the predictions of the sliding filament hypothesis of muscle contraction.
TL;DR: Saponin and rehemolysis of the ghosts presumably exposed intracellular sites by disrupting the membrane, and the addition of saponin greatly increased the inulin space and the adsorption of Ca 2+ to the membranes.
TL;DR: This paper used a modified free-recall method in which S s started their recall with items from either the beginning or the end of the list and found that auditory presentation gave rise to a larger recency effect than visual presentation and this discrepancy was increased when recall started at the beginning.
TL;DR: The findings, according to the theory of Nemethy and Scheraga52,53, suggest that the chlorpromazine—membrane interaction is hydrophobic in nature.
TL;DR: Low concentrations of the alcohol and phenothiazine anesthetics protected human erythrocytes from hypotonic hemolysis and shifted the dose-response curve for chlorpromazine to higher concentrations but only slightly reduced the maximum amount of protection.
TL;DR: In this paper, the development of a cellular solid-liquid interface from a planar interface is outlined in some detail for a dilute binary alloy of Sb in zone-refined Pb.
TL;DR: The sequence of development of measles virus in cells cultivated in vitro was studied by electron microscopic techniques and found cytoplasmic tubule formation was associated with active budding and high yields of virus, whereas when intranuclear formation was predominant, little or no budding was detected and viral yields were low.
TL;DR: In this article, the Rb-Sr method was used to find parallels between the ages of sequences in Australia and those in Peninsular India, Ceylon and Pakistan.
Abstract: Analysis of Pre-Cambrian rocks by the Rb–Sr method confirms parallels between the ages of sequences in Australia and those in Peninsular India, Ceylon and Pakistan The findings are relevant to the question of continental reassembly
TL;DR: In this paper, the flow of an incompressible, viscous fluid past a sphere is considered for small values of the Reynolds number, and the drag is given by the Stokes drag.
Abstract: The flow of an incompressible, viscous fluid past a sphere is considered for small values of the Reynolds number. In particular the drag is found to be given by
\[
D = D_s\{1+{\textstyle\frac{3}{8}}R+{\textstyle\frac{9}{40}}R^2(\log R+\gamma + {\textstyle\frac{5}{3}}\log 2 - {\textstyle\frac{323}{360}})+{\textstyle\frac{27}{80}}R^3\log R+O(R^3)\},
\]
where Ds is the Stokes drag, R is the Reynolds number and γ is Euler's constant.