Showing papers by "University of Turku published in 1968"

Sulphoglycoprotein antigens in the human alimentary canal and gastric cancer. An immunohistological study.

Abstract: The distribution of sulphoglycoproteins in the mucosa of the human alimentary canal has been investigated by a sensitive immunofluorescence technique. Gastric epithelium obtained from young peptic ulcer patients was assumed to reveal the normal distribution of sulphoglycoproteins in the gastric mucosa. The earlier immunochemical observation of the existence of three kinds of sulphoglycoproteins of different antigenicity was confirmed histoimmunologically. Normally two of these are present but differ in their location. The third, called foetal antigen in the nomenclature adopted, was present in gastric cancer cells but could also be found outside the tumour in superficial cells. This foetal antigen was occasionally noted in the antral superficial cells in four stomachs without detectable malignancy. The relation between carcinogenesis and the presence of cells which possess this foetal antigen is discussed. ANTIGENES SULFOGLYCOPROTEINIQUES DANS LE TUBE DIGESTIF DE L'HOMME ET DANS LE CANCER DE L'ESTOMAC. ETUDE IMMUNO-HISTOLOGIQUE La distribution des sulfoglycoproteines dans la muqueuse du tube digestif humain a ete etudiee au moyen d'une technique sensible d'immunofluorescence. On a suppose que l'epitelium gastrique de jeunes malades souffrant d'ulcere gastro-duodenal revelait la distribution normale des sulfoglycoproteines dans la muqueuse gastrique. La constatation anterieure (par voie immunochimique) de l'existence de trois sortes de sulfoglycoproteines presentant des antigenicites differentes a ete confirmee par l'observation histoimmunologique. Normalement, deux de ces proteines sont presentes mais leur localisation differe. La troisieme, appelee antigene foetal dans la nomenclature adoptee, etait presente dans les cellules de cancer de l'estomac mais on pouvait egalement la trouver, hors de la tumeur, dans les cellules superficielles. La presence de cet antigene foetal a ete notee episodiquement dans les cellules superficielles de l'antre de quatre estomacs ne presentant apparemment aucun caractere malin. Les auteurs examinent les rapports possibles entre la carcinogenese et la presence de cellules possedant cet antigene foetal.

On stochastic languages

Abstract: Some properties of languages representable in finite probabilistic automata are investigated. It is shown that the cut-point can always be changed arbitrarily. The notion of a probabilistic automaton is generalized, and it is shown that this does not affect the family of representable languages. Generalized probabilistic automata are then used for two applications. Finally, some results concerning non-regular stochastic languages over a one-letter alphabet are mentioned.

Neurochemical and endocrinological studies of mice selectively bred for aggressiveness.

Abstract: Lagerspetz, K. Y. H., Tirri, R. & Lagerspetz, K. M. J. Neurochemical and endocrinological studies of mice selectively bred for aggressiveness. Scand.J. Psychol., 1968, g, 157–160.—Several neurochemical and endocrinological variables were studied in male albino mice from two strains, selectively bred for aggressiveness and non-aggressiveness. Differences were found in the weight and the serotonin content of the forebrain, in the catecholamine contents of the brain stem and of the adrenal gland as well as in the weight of the testis. The results indicate that mice selectively bred for aggressiveness show physiological signs of higher orthosympathetic activity than the mice selectively bred for non-aggressiveness.

Gastrointestinal distribution of glucuronide synthesis and the relevant enzymes in the rat.

Abstract: The rate of o-aminophenol glucuronide synthesis in the small intestine of the rat was found to decrease when going from the oral to the aboral end, where it was 15 per cent of the duodenal level. In the glandular stomach, caecum, and colon, the activity was 34, 15 and 30 per cent, respectively, of the duodenal value. The decrease in UDP glucuronyltransferase (p-nitrophenol) activity in the mucosal extracts was almost linear and amounted to 66 per cent from the oral to the aboral end of the small intestine. In the glandular stomach, caecum, and colon, the activities were 63, 32, and 83 per cent respectively, of the duodenal value. The β-glucuronidase activity increased linearly by 41 per cent when going from the oral to the aboral end of the small intestine. In the glandular stomach, caecum, and colon, activities of 82, 221, and 162 per cent respectively of the duodenal ones were observed.These results indicate that the distribution pattern of glucuronide synthesis, observed in tissue slices, and the UDP g...

Androgen-dependent salivary gland protease in the rat.

Abstract: Total alkaline protease activity, 2 different trypsin-like proteases and cathepsin B activity were separately analyzed in the submandibular glands of the rat. One of the trypsinlike enzymes was found to be testosterone induced and responsible for the increased alkaline proteolytic activity in the salivary gland extracts of the adult male rats. The enzyme has recently been described in detail: its pH optimum is pH 8.2, lima bean inhibits its activity completely and Trasylol and CuCl2 very effectively. The trivial name glandulain is used for the enzyme. Androgen dependency was demonstrated in a series of prepuberal rats, where the sexual development was followed by estimating the relative volume of the steroid-producing cells in the testis or the appearance of corpora lutea in the ovary. In the male submandibular glands the glandulain activity was significantly higher than in the female glands from the 40th day of life onward, which was about 10 days later than the first signs of increased activity of testi...

The time of appearance and distribution of sulphoglycoprotein antigens in the human foetal alimentary canal

Abstract: Sulphoglycoprotein antigens of the foetal alimentary canal have been studied by the immunofluorescence technique, and the presence of sulphomucins demonstrated histochemically from adjacent sections. The material studied consisted of 39 foetuses of between 6 and 16 weeks of gestation. A supplementary autopsy series of newborns was studied by the same techniques. The three sulphoglycoprotein antigens found earlier in normal and pathological adult gastric mucosa appeared between 7 and 8 weeks of gestation and all were present in the foetal alimentary epithelium. The typical location of these antigens showed characteristics either of the normal adult distribution or of the distribution found in pathological conditions in the gastric epithelium. The ca-antigen (cancer antigen) present in cancerous gastric epithelium in adults has now been tentatively named the foetal sulphoglycoprotein antigen (FSA). A comparison is made between the distribution of the sulphoglycoprotein antigens detected by the immunofluorescence technique and that of the sulphomucins seen by histochemical methods. It is suggested that these antigens are mainly situated in sulphated molecules. Les antigenes sulfoglycoproteiniques du tube digestif foetal ont ete etudies par la technique de l'immunofluoresence; l'etude histochimique de coupes voisines a montre la presence de sulfomucines. Le materiel etudie se composait de 39 foetus ǎges de 6 a 16 semaines. On a etudie par les měmes techniques un materiel d'autopsie de nouveau-nes. Les trois antigenes sulfoglycoproteiniques trouves anterieurement dans la muqueuse gastrique normale et pathologique de l'adulte sont apparus entre 7 et 8 semaines de gestation; tous trois etaient presents dans l'epithelium du tube digestif foetal. La localisation typique de ces antigenes presentait soit la distribution de l'adulte normal soit la distribution observee dans les etats pathologiques de l'epithelium gastrique. L'antigene canceereux present dans l'epithelium gastrique cancereux de l'adulte a ete appele provisoirement „antigene sulfoglycoproteinique foetal” (ASF). Une comparaison est etablie entre la distribution des antigenes sulfoglycoproteiniques revelee par l'immunofluorescence et celle des sulfomucines revelee par les methodes histochimiques. Les auteurs considerent que ces antigenes sont situes principalement dans les molecules sulfatees.

Secondary mutations at the B β incompatibility locus of Schizophyllum 3

Abstract: MATING competence and sexual morphogenesis in a majority of higher Basidiomycetes, typified by Schizophyllum commune, are determined and controlled by a bifactorial or\" tetrapolar \"incompatibility system comprised of two series of factors, A and B, each constituted of two linked loci, cc and fi, with multiple alleles (Raper, 1966; Koltin, 1967). One of the persisting puzzles about this incompatibility system is the means by which the extensive series of alleles at each of the incompatibility loci could have evolved. It seems reasonable to assume that the series of alleles at the four loci are not static and that new alleles can originate only from existing alleles. These considerations led to a search for new alleles as the result of mutations induced in known alleles. To date, more than 20 mutations have been found in two (Afi and Bfl) of the four basic incompatibility loci of S. commune and Coprinus lagopus (Day, 1963; Parag, 1962; Raper, Boyd and Raper, 1965; G. Simchen, unpublished). These mutations were not to new, normal alleles; instead, each had lost the discriminatory function of the affected factor and was self-fertile and compatible with all factors of the same series. A homokaryon having a mutant BJ3 allele is thus a phenotypic mimic of the A = B heterokaryon. The subsequent recovery of four secondary Bfl mutations that restored normal morphology and self-sterility in the homokaryon and were compatible with the progenitor Bfl allele suggested the origin of new functional alleles from existing alleles by successive mutations (Raper, Boyd and Raper, 1965). These mutations, however, differed from wild-type alleles in details of the mating reaction. This paper describes additional secondary B/3 mutations and considers their implications for the origin of the extensive series of alleles in nature.

Coexisting viral (respiratory syncytial) and bacterial (pneumococcus) otitis media in children.

Abstract: The occurrence of respiratory syncytial virus and bacteria in otitis media during RS virus infection was studied at a nursery. Middle ear aspirates were cultured for isolation of viruses and bacteria. Antibody responses to the isolated agents were followed. Otitis media was established in 11 of the 13 infected children. RS virus and Diplococcus pneumoniae type XIV were isolated from the middle ear exudates of 5 children. Both agents were simultaneously present in the exudates of 3 children. RS virus and Diplococcus pneumoniae were each isolated from one child. It was not possible to judge from the appearance of the ear drum or from the condition of the exudate the kind of agent present. The aetiologic relationship bet-ween the isolated agents and the observed infection is discussed as well as the value of prophylactic antibiotic treatment.

Effect of pollution on the benthos off gothenburg

Abstract: 1. Bottom fauna in the mouth of the river Gota alv and its estuary was studied. 2. The river bottom in the city of Gothenburg and the bottoms of the harbour area and the river mouth are strongly polluted. The pollution has dispersed almost 4 to 5 nautic miles outside that area. 3. There are no bottom animals in the river bottom by the town. 4. In the oxidized surface layer of the sediments in the harbour area some species have mass occurrences. 5. In the same places the biomass reaches its maximum. 6. Pollution has a diminishing effect on the number of species at outer localities. 7. Species which favour polluted areas are e. g.Capitella capitata, Polydora ciliata, Nereis diversicolor, Macoma baltica, Mya arenaria, Paramphiascopsis longirostris (Harpacticoida) and Nematoda spp. 8. The history of the developing pollution can be followed by the aid of old faunistic observations and material stored by the Gothenburg Museum of Natural History.

Induced crossing-over in the presterile broods of Drosophila melanogaster males.

Abstract: The results from two experiments on induced crossing-over in the germ cells of adultDrosophila melanogaster males, heterozygous for 12–13 third-chromosome mutant loci, support the premise that the F1 offspring recovered in the 6–8 day broods are derived mainly from cells that had been primary spermatocytes at the time of irradiation. This conclusion is also rather well supported by the results from similar experiments reported in the literature. The frequency of exchange in the third-chromosome following irradiation of the adult male is in the order of 0.01% for the 1–3 and 4–5 day broods, 0.15% for the 6–7 day broods and 0.31% for the 8th day brood in the pooled data from 18 experiments. The spontaneous rate for the third-chromosome is in the order of 0.001%.

Simulation of cues eliciting aggressive responses in mice at two age levels.

Abstract: (1968). Simulation of Cues Eliciting Aggressive Responses in Mice at Two Age Levels. The Journal of Genetic Psychology: Vol. 113, No. 1, pp. 53-63.

The occurrence of dopamine and noradrenaline in the tubero-hypophysial system.

Abstract: Mit chemischer Methode wurden bei grosseren Tierarten die Mengen von Dopamin und Noradrenalin im Eminentia-mediana-Infundibulum-Gebiet, im mediobasalen Hypothalamus und im Endteil des Hypothalamus bei Mensch, Schwein und Rind genau bestimmt. Die hochste Konzentration von Dopamin wurde in Eminentia mediana und die hochste Konzentration von Noradrenalin im mediobasalen Hypothalamus gefunden.

A study of the ultrastructure of the shoot apex and leaf cells in two liverworts, with special reference to the oil bodies

Abstract: In this investigation attention has been paid to the general ultrastructure of the shoot apical and leaf cells in the liverwortsBazzania trilobata andLophozia ventricosa but especially to the different developmental stages of their oil bodies. These species have been chosen because their oil bodies differ from each other in size and shape. The appearance of the different organelles, nucleus, chloroplasts, mitochondria, ER, and Golgi bodies, are in their main features the same as those of higher plants described in the literature. The dark cytoplasm seen in the leaf cells ofLophozia in the vicinity of the oil bodies but without any surrounding membrane when fixed in double fixative 2, seems to be specific to this species. On the other hand, granular dense bodies were visible in the cells of the shoot apex ofBazzania, which shrank in size as the development of the oil bodies proceeded and were lacking in the mature leaf cells. In both species investigated, the oil bodies have the same component parts: (1) an outer membrane enveloping the whole body, (2) inside this, a granular stroma layer of varying thickness enveloping (3) specific globules of varying size and number, each of which is surrounded by (4) a thin inner membrane (Fig. 28). The oil bodies develop in at least two ways and usually in one way for each species. InBazzania they seem to develop from vacuole-like formations in the shoot apex or in the leaf primordia into which substances have segregated. InLophozia they seem to originate by aggregation and fusion of lipid bodies.

Penicillin concentration in middle ear secretion in otitis

Abstract: The author has examined the penicillin concentration in otitis and the relationship between penicillin concentration in serum and ear secretion. The series consists of 273 middle ear samples; 206 of these were acute cases, 22 catarrhal, and 45 chronic. Serum samples totalled 142. The results are presented by tables which show the following: In acute otitis, penicillin can be noted in the middle ear secretion as early as half an hour after parenteral administration of the drug. The penicillin concentration is highest 1 hour after administration. Penicillin disappears more slowly from the ear than from serum. In catarrhal otitis, penicillin appears very little in the ear secretion despite high serum concentrations. In chronic otitis, somewhat higher penicillin concentrations were noted than in the catarrhal inflammation. Compared with acute otitis, the concentrations were, however, low.