Showing papers by "University of Winnipeg published in 1999"
12 Apr 1999
TL;DR: Three new heuristics, one for batch and two for on-line, are introduced as part of this research, revealing that the choice of mapping heuristic depends on parameters such as: the structure of the heterogeneity among tasks and machines, the optimization requirements, and the arrival rate of the tasks.
Abstract: Dynamic mapping (matching and scheduling) heuristics for a class of independent tasks using heterogeneous distributed computing systems are studied. Two types of mapping heuristics are considered: on-line and batch mode heuristics. Three new heuristics, one for batch and two for on-line, are introduced as part of this research. Simulation studies are performed to compare these heuristics with some existing ones. In total, five on-line heuristics and three batch heuristics are examined. The on-line heuristics consider; to varying degrees and in different ways, task affinity for different machines and machine ready times. The batch heuristics consider these factors, as well as aging of tasks waiting to execute. The simulation results reveal that the choice of mapping heuristic depends on parameters such as: (a) the structure of the heterogeneity among tasks and machines, (b) the optimization requirements, and (c) the arrival rate of the tasks.
658 citations
TL;DR: A summary review of the early writings and current theoretical perspectives regarding the role of avoidance in the maintenance of chronic pain and an integrative review of recent empirical investigations of fear and avoidance in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain are presented.
460 citations
TL;DR: The chiral cavities are capable of encapsulating not only single molecules, but also face-to-face dimers of nitrobenzene (see stick model).
Abstract: A quarter of the unit cell volume of [{Ni(4,4'-dipy)(3-nitrobenzoate)2 (MeOH)2 }n ], which crystallizes in the form of helices, is occupied by large chiral cavities (400-500 A3 ). The cavities are capable of encapsulating not only single molecules, but also face-to-face dimers of nitrobenzene (see stick model). 4,4'-dipy=4,4'-bipyridine.
357 citations
TL;DR: Results showed that participants, especially those high in prejudice, inhibited the Black stereotype when motivated to esteem a Black individual (because he had praised them) and activated the doctor stereotype, while recipients of feedback from Black evaluators showed no such effects.
Abstract: The motivation to form a particular impression of an individual can prompt the inhibition of applicable stereotypes that contradict one's desired impression and the activation and application of stereotypes that support it. Participants, especially those high in prejudice, inhibited the Black stereotype when motivated to esteem a Black individual (because he had praised them). Participants motivated to esteem a Black doctor also activated the doctor stereotype. In contrast, participants motivated to disparage a Black doctor (because he had criticized them) inhibited the doctor stereotype. Participants motivated to disparage a Black individual also applied the Black stereotype to him, rating him as relatively incompetent. All these effects were driven by the self-protective motives of recipients of feedback from Black evaluators; detached observers showed no such effects.
342 citations
279 citations
TL;DR: Investigating preparation and response to the 1997 Red River Flood by three rural communities in Manitoba, Canada found communities characterised by higher levels of physical, human and social capital were better prepared and more effective responders to the flood.
Abstract: This paper examines the relationship between community preparedness and response to natural disaster and their level and pattern of community development. This is done by investigating preparation and response to the 1997 Red River Flood by three rural communities in Manitoba, Canada. The communities were selected because of their different ethnic mix and associated level and pattern of community development. The hypothesis was supported that the level and pattern of community development affect community capacity to respond to flooding. Communities characterised by higher levels of physical, human and social capital were better prepared and more effective responders to the flood. However, where the pattern of community development was characterised by high levels of social capital, decision-making processes were complicated.
206 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for miniaturization of microstrip patch antennas without degrading radiation characteristics is investigated, which involves perforating the patch to form a microstrip square-ring antenna, which is investigated numerically and experimentally.
Abstract: A method for miniaturization of microstrip patch antennas without degrading radiation characteristics is investigated. It involves perforating the patch to form a microstrip square-ring antenna, which is investigated numerically and experimentally. The ring geometry introduces additional parameters to the antenna that can be used to control its impedance, resonance frequency, and bandwidth. For a single square ring increasing the size of perforation increases its input impedance, but decreases the resonance frequency and bandwidth. It has a small effect on directivity of the antenna. To match the antenna to a transmission line and also enhance its bandwidth, the ring is stacked by a square patch or another square ring. The computed results are compared with experimental data and again good agreement is obtained.
121 citations
TL;DR: This article conducted an analysis of anger scripts in close relationships from a relational schema perspective focusing on the interpersonal experience of anger and on the sequencing of anger events, and found that women and men held similar scripts for anger when the angered person reacted in a prosocial manner.
Abstract: The authors conducted an analysis of anger scripts in close relationships from a relational schema perspective focusing on the interpersonal experience of anger and on the sequencing of anger events. The amount of anger elicited by various instigating events was found to differ for women and men. More important, there was evidence of an interpersonal script for anger. Reactions of angry people were predicated on anticipated partner responses. Gender differences in interpersonal scripts were found only when the angered person chose to react in a negative way (e.g., aggression). Women and men held similar scripts for anger when the angered person reacted in a prosocial manner. Implications of these findings for script analyses of emotion and for close relationships are discussed.
106 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that FGI disorders are strikingly prevalent among young adults, and specific F GI disorders are associated with affective distress.
67 citations
TL;DR: The authors examined the personal values of college-age smokers and beer drinkers, as well as their susceptibility to interpersonal influence, and found that, compared to non-smokers, smokers are less likely to place importance on the values of security, being well respected, and having a sense of belonging.
Abstract: Examines the personal values of college‐age smokers and beer drinkers, as well as their susceptibility to interpersonal influence. Findings suggest that, compared to non‐smokers, smokers are less likely to place importance on the values of security, being well respected, and having a sense of belonging. When compared to non‐beer drinkers, college students who are beer drinkers are more likely to place importance on the value of excitement, and are less likely to place importance on the value of security. Smokers are less susceptible to interpersonal influence than non‐smokers, but there are no differences in susceptibility to interpersonal influence between beer drinkers and non‐beer drinkers. Values and susceptibility to interpersonal influence can play a useful role as descriptors, and possibly as predictors, of drinking and smoking behavior.
67 citations
TL;DR: For instance, Stewart et al. as discussed by the authors found that those who place greater importance on values such as warm relationships, self-fulfilment and security are likely to have more positive attitudes towards cause-related marketing.
Abstract: An investigation is conducted into attitudes towards cause-related marketing (CRM) among Australian consumers, with attention to the underlying differences in consumer values. It is found that those who place greater importance on values such as warm relationships, self-fulfilment and security are likely to have more positive attitudes towards CRM. In addition, females appear to have somewhat more positive attitudes towards cause-related marketing than males. Interestingly, the degree to which consumers are susceptible to interpersonal influence is not related to attitudes towards CRM. The implications are that cause-related marketing efforts are therefore best directed at females and those who value relationships, self-fulfilment and security. Efforts to support CRM through social influences (ie via compliance and conformity) would appear to be unlikely to succeed. Copyright © 1999 Henry Stewart Publications
TL;DR: This article used the profile of dialogue as a tool for the evaluation of arguments from ignorance (also called lack-of-evidence arguments, negative evidence, ad ignorantiam arguments and ex silentio arguments).
Abstract: This investigation uses the technique of the profile of dialogue as a tool for the evaluation of arguments from ignorance (also called lack-of-evidence arguments, negative evidence, ad ignorantiam arguments and ex silentio arguments). Such arguments have traditionally been classified as fallacies by the logic textbooks, but recent research has shown that in many cases they can be used reasonably. A profile of dialogue is a connected sequence of moves and countermoves in a conversational exchange of a type that is goal-directed and can be represented in a normative model of dialogue. Selected case studies are used to probe special features of using the profile technique as applied to arguments from ignorance of a kind that occur frequently in everyday conversational exchanges. One of these special features is the use of Gricean implicature. Another is the need to use negative profiles of argument.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine an antitrust enforcement policy of using significant price changes in an industry as a sorting mechanism for the allocation of resources devoted to policing collusion and show that this investigation strategy if coupled with uniform costs being borne by firms, can reduce the expected profits from the collusive agreement: however, unless the punishment is large enough, it will be ineffective in reducing the frequency of collusion.
Abstract: This paper examines an antitrust enforcement policy of using significant price changes in an industry as a sorting mechanism for the allocation of resources devoted to policing collusion. That is, in either responding to complaints or initiating investigations on their own, I examine the issue of whether an antitrust enforcement policy of inferring possible collusion from significant prices changes is effective in deterring collusion given that antitrust officials have no direct knowledge of the costs of individual firms. Using the imperfect information repeated game of Green and Porter (1984), I show that this investigation strategy if coupled with uniform costs being borne by firms, can reduce the expected profits from the collusive agreement: however, unless the punishment is large enough, it will be ineffective in reducing the frequency of collusion. More importantly, it can have the undesirable effect of reducing the output agreed to by firms, if firms choose quantities, or raise collusive prices if firms are choosing price. Moreover, if the enforcement policy is anticipated by firms, the punishment mechanism adopted to support collusion will be altered to offset the policy.
TL;DR: In this paper, one-loop quantum corrections to the thermodynamics of a black hole in generic two-dimensional dilaton gravity were introduced by considering the effect of matter fields conformally coupled to the metric and nonminimally coupled with the dilaton.
Abstract: We consider one-loop quantum corrections to the thermodynamics of a black hole in generic two-dimensional dilaton gravity. The classical action is the most general diffeomorphism invariant action in 1+1 space-time dimensions that contains a metric, dilaton, and Abelian gauge field, and having at most second derivatives of the fields. Quantum corrections are introduced by considering the effect of matter fields conformally coupled to the metric and nonminimally coupled to the dilaton. Back reaction of the matter fields (via nonvanishing trace conformal anomaly) leads to quantum corrections to the black hole geometry. Quantum corrections also lead to modifications in the gravitational action and hence in expressions for thermodynamic quantities. One-loop corrections to both geometry and thermodynamics (energy, entropy) are calculated for the generic theory. The formalism is then applied to a charged black hole in spherically symmetric gravity and to a rotating Ba\~nados-Teitelboim-Zanelli black hole.
TL;DR: In this article, multiple resonances and polarisation of a single layer probe fed wideband microstrip U-slot patch antenna are discussed, and it is shown that the radiation characteristics such as polarisation and gain are modified within the bandwidth owing to the excitation of resonant modes orthogonal to each other.
Abstract: Multiple resonances and polarisation of a single layer probe fed wideband microstrip U-slot patch antenna are discussed. Results show that the radiation characteristics, such as polarisation and gain, are modified within the bandwidth owing to the excitation of resonant modes orthogonal to each other.
TL;DR: Black ash population dynamics were investigated in five stands with different exposures to spring flooding at the southwestern limit of Quebec's boreal forest and populations were found to be resistant to long-term natural water fluctuations due to their ability to regenerate both by seeds and by sprouts.
Abstract: Population dynamics of black ash (Fraxinus nigra) were investigated in five stands with different exposures to spring flooding at the southwestern limit of Quebec's boreal forest. Fifty-four 100-M2 plots were sampled along 25 transects laid out perpendicular to Lake Duparquet. In each plot, all black ash >5 cm in diameter at breast height (dbh) were aged using dendrochronological methods. An age-height regression was used to cal- culate the age of those individuals <5 cm in dbh. Stump sprouts had a significantly faster height and diameter growth rate than individuals established from sexual origin. Two stands in this study showed deficits in sexual recruitment. One stand, located on a deep organic layer, also showed recent colonization by F. nigra that may have started during the 1930s. This stand had the highest stem density, and sprouting was restricted to the younger age classes. Ordination analysis of dispersion indices characterizing the age distribution of F. nigra indicated a definite pattern toward higher sexual recruitment in plots and stands that were less exposed to flooding. In contrast, poor sexual recruitment was observed on more exposed sites. However, this situation was compensated for by abundant vegetative re- cruitment. Analysis of the periods of growth release and suppression of 153 trees revealed that F. nigra population dynamics are not regulated by major disturbance events. A general upward trend in radial growth and F. nigra expansion toward higher elevation sites observed since the end of the 19th century may be due to changes in Lake Duparquet's hydrological regime. Increases in the severity of flooding events may result in the decrease in seedling abundance observed in the more exposed stands. F. nigra populations were found to be resistant to long-term natural water fluctuations due to their ability to regenerate both by seeds and by sprouts.
TL;DR: The argumentum ad ignorantiam is one of the twenty-something famous informal fallacies treated (usually in one page or less) in so many of the current and traditional textbooks in logic and critical thinking as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The argumentum ad ignorantiam is one of the twenty-something famous informal fallacies treated (usually in one page or less) in so many of the current and traditional textbooks in logic and critical thinking. However, this particular fallacy was not in Aristotle's original list of fallacies in his On Sophistical Refutations. As indicated below (section four), it appears to have come into the curriculum at some later point. It is not an easy fallacy to teach to beginners, and some of the reasons behind this difficulty are explained below.
TL;DR: The arrival of calls in a personal communications services (PCS) network are modeled by a Markov arrival process (MAP) in which correlation of the interarrival times among new calls, among handoff calls, as well as between these two kinds of calls are allowed.
Abstract: The arrival of calls (i.e., new and handoff calls) in a personal communications services (PCS) network are modeled by a Markov arrival process (MAP) in which we allow correlation of the interarrival times among new calls, among handoff calls, as well as between these two kinds of calls. Each cell of the network consists of a finite number of channels and a buffer with finite size for handoff calls. There exist some channels among each cell which can be used by splitting the original rate into two channels with different rates if necessary when a handoff call arrives and finds all the channels busy. We obtain the stationary joint probability of number of calls in the cell and the phase of the arrival process, the blocking probability of a new call, the forced termination probability of a handoff call, and the mean dwell time of a handoff call in the buffer. Finally, we obtain the distribution and the mean of the cell's busy period, the distribution and the mean of the first time to split the cth channel, and some other interesting performance measures for the network. Some explicit results for special cases obtained by Lin et al. (see IEEE Trans. Vech. Technol., vol.45, no.1, p.122-30, 1996 and vol.43, no.3, p.704-12, 1994), Tekinary et al. (1992) and by Yoon et al. (1993) can also be directly obtained from the general conclusion. The results presented can provide guidelines for field data processing in PCS network design and performance evaluation.
TL;DR: The author conducted 8 studies to elucidate the content and structure of lay conceptions of commitment, suggesting that types of commitment are organized as fuzzy rather than true class-inclusion hierarchies.
Abstract: The author conducted 8 studies to elucidate the content and structure of lay conceptions of commitment. Studies 1 to 5 revealed that laypeople regard commitment to close relationships (e.g., friends, family, spouse) as central to the concept, whereas they consider nonclose (e.g., commitment to a neighbor) and noninterpersonal varieties (e.g., one's occupation) peripheral. This prototype structure influenced information processing in predictable ways. Studies 6 to 8 focused on the vertical structure of commitment categories. Results suggest that types of commitment are organized as fuzzy rather than true class-inclusion hierarchies. Study 8 also examined relationship implications of conceptions of commitment. People who held a relational conception of commitment had more positive perceptions, thoughts, and feelings about their dating relationship than did those who held a nonrelational conception.
TL;DR: A technique to control the harmonic output of a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) using a pulse width modulation (PWM) scheme with a minimal number of additional switchings with a neural network algorithm developed to define the switching instants.
Abstract: The paper describes a technique to control the harmonic output of a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) using a pulse width modulation (PWM) scheme with a minimal number of additional switchings. A neural network algorithm is developed to define the switching instants. This technique offers an alternative to the multi-pulse techniques that require complex magnetic circuit arrangements as well as to the conventional PWM technology that requires a large number of switchings.
TL;DR: The accumulation of 2,4-dichlorophenol in the growth medium, however, suggested that Sphingomonas paucimobilis was unable to utilize this compound as a source of carbon and energy.
Abstract: , isolated from a soil in Manitoba, Canada, was able to utilize diclofop-methyl, (R,S)-methyl-2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy]propionate, as the sole source of carbon and energy. An actively growing aerobic culture completely degraded 1.5 μg diclofop-methyl ml−1 to diclofop acid within 54 h, at 25°C. A biphasic growth pattern indicated that this organism was capable of degrading diclofop acid to 4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol and/or phenol. The accumulation of 2,4-dichlorophenol in the growth medium, however, suggested that Sphingomonas paucimobilis was unable to utilize this compound as a source of carbon and energy.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compare the performance of the BPN model with that of two other neural network models, viz., the radial basis function network (RBFN) model and the recurrent neural network (RNN) model, in the context of forecasting inflation.
Abstract: The back-propagation neural network (BPN) model has been the most popular form of artificial neural network model used for forecasting, particularly in economics and finance. It is a static (feed-forward) model which has a learning process in both hidden and output layers. In this paper we compare the performance of the BPN model with that of two other neural network models, viz., the radial basis function network (RBFN) model and the recurrent neural network (RNN) model, in the context of forecasting inflation. The RBFN model is a hybrid model with a learning process that is much faster than the BPN model and that is able to generate almost the same results as the BPN model. The RNN model is a dynamic model which allows feedback from other layers to the input layer, enabling it to capture the dynamic behavior of the series. The results of the ANN models are also compared with those of the econometric time series models.
TL;DR: Near-IR spectroscopic imaging was used to analyze the remnants of a work of art, a 16th century drawing attributed to the School of Pieter Bruegel the Elder, which had been significantly altered during a cleaning attempt, and revealed clearly and for the first time the location of regions of the drawing where faint traces of ink residue remained.
TL;DR: In this paper, the perturbative ambiguity of the radiatively induced Chern-Simons term in differential regularization was investigated and the ambiguity was characterized by an indefinite ratio of two renormalization scales.
Abstract: We have investigated the perturbative ambiguity of the radiatively induced Chern-Simons term in differential regularization. The result obtained in this method contains all those obtained in other regularization schemes and the ambiguity is explicitly characterized by an indefinite ratio of two renormalization scales. It is argued that the ambiguity can only be eliminated by either imposing a physical requirement or resorting to a more fundamental principle. Some calculation techniques in coordinate space are developed in the appendices.
TL;DR: In this article, the run length distributions for the c and p charts are derived for the case when the control limits are estimated, and it is shown that when the underlying process is in control, the ARL is potentially misleading as a basis for comparison.
Abstract: Attributes control charts, such as c and p charts, are popular methods for detecting out of control signals when it is practical only to obtain qualitative information about a process; in such cases, variables control charts, such as the , s and R charts, cannot be used. The run length distributions have previously been studied for variables charts when the control limits have been estimated. Little has been done in the case of attributes charts. In this paper, the run length distributions for the c chart and p chart are derived for the case when the control limits are estimated. It is shown that, as for variables charts, the effect of estimation on quantities such as the average run length (ARL) can be quite dramatic, but when the underlying process is in control, the ARL is potentially misleading as a basis for comparison.
TL;DR: There were significant increases on PsycLIT in the number of drug-therapy studies for chronic pain, but a significant decrease was evident in theNumber of drug therapy articles abstracted on Medline.
Abstract: This study examined trends in chronic pain (including chronic headache) research from 1986 to 1995. Medical and psychological citation databases were accessed to identify chronic pain publications and yearly trends. Data from the PsycLIT (psychological) database indicated significant growth over the time frame analyzed in both raw number of chronic pain publications and the percentage of articles devoted to chronic pain. Conversely, the Medline (medical) database showed a significant decline in the percentage of chronic pain articles over the time frame analyzed. Analyses revealed increases on the PsycLIT and Medline databases in the number of studies on elderly people, and the Medline database showed increases in the number of studies of chronic pain in children. Remarkably, there were significant increases on PsycLIT in the number of drug-therapy studies for chronic pain, but a significant decrease was evident in the number of drug therapy articles abstracted on Medline. Factors that may be associated with these research trends are discussed, and future probable trends are anticipated.
TL;DR: In this article, regression analyses were used to determine if anxiety sensitivity or suffocation fears better predicted panic frequency and panic related phenomena (eg, agoraphobic avoidance) and perceived seriousness of the panic attacks.
TL;DR: In this article, a sample of 79 Norwegians, 11 through 13 years of age, was assessed on a care-based morality measure, the Ethic of Care Interview (ECI). Content analyses of the adolescents' real-life moral dilemmas also were conducted.
Abstract: A sample of 79 Norwegians, 11 through 13 years of age, was assessed on a care-based morality measure, the Ethic of Care Interview (ECI). Content analyses of the adolescents’real-life moral dilemmas also were conducted. The Norwegian scores were compared with those of 46 Canadians of the same age. No gender differences on the ECI or in real-life moral conflict content were found in Norway. In contrast, in Canada, girls scored significantly higher on the ECI than did boys, and more girls than boys generated relational real-life dilemmas, whereas more boys than girls generated nonrelational dilemmas. Furthermore, more Canadian than Norwegian girls scored at ECI Level 2 (conventions of goodness, caring for others). Norway and Canada might differ in female gender role expectations, which probably is associated with girls’moral reasoning. The results indicated that North American findings should not be viewed necessarily as representative even of other similar Western societies.