Showing papers by "Wayne State University published in 1982"
TL;DR: In this paper, a modified conjugate gradient algorithm for geometry optimization is presented for use with ab initio MO methods, where the second derivative matrix rather than its inverse is updated employing the gradients.
Abstract: A modified conjugate gradient algorithm for geometry optimization is outlined for use with ab initioMO methods. Since the computation time for analytical energy gradients is approximately the same as for the energy, the optimization algorithm evaluates and utilizes the gradients each time the energy is computed. The second derivative matrix, rather than its inverse, is updated employing the gradients. At each step, a one-dimensional minimization using a quartic polynomial is carried out, followed by an n-dimensional search using the second derivative matrix. By suitably controlling the number of negative eigenvalues of the second derivative matrix, the algorithm can also be used to locate transition structures. Representative timing data for optimizations of equilibrium geometries and transition structures are reported for ab initioSCF–MO calculations.
3,373 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that meaning access is an automatic process which is unaffected by knowledge-based (“top-down”) processing, and whether selective or multiple access of meaning is observed largely depends on the structure of the ambiguous word, not the nature of the context.
559 citations
TL;DR: Binding characteristics of tritiated imipramine were determined in the frontal cortex of suicides and well-matched controls and were consistent with reports of decreased tritiations in the platelets of patients diagnosed as having a major affective disorder.
Abstract: Binding characteristics of tritiated imipramine were determined in the frontal cortex of suicides and well-matched controls. Maximal binding was significantly lower in brains from the suicides. This finding is consistent with reports of decreased tritiated imipramine binding in the platelets of patients diagnosed as having a major affective disorder.
481 citations
426 citations
TL;DR: The photometric stereo method is extended to four-source photometry for obtaining 3-dimensional shapes of visually textured and specular surfaces from intensity values and a more direct method of computing these normals is used.
329 citations
TL;DR: In this article, total scattering cross sections have been measured in the same apparatus for positrons and electrons colliding with each of the molecules at the respective positronium-formation thresholds using a beam transmission technique.
Abstract: Total scattering cross sections have been measured in the same apparatus for positrons and electrons colliding with ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$, and C${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ using a beam transmission technique. The projectile impact energies range from 1 - 500 eV for ${e}^{+}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{H}}_{2},2\ensuremath{-}500$ eV for ${e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{H}}_{2},0.5\ensuremath{-}750$ eV for ${e}^{+}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{N}}_{2},2.2\ensuremath{-}700$ eV for ${e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{N}}_{2},0.5\ensuremath{-}60$ eV for ${e}^{+}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{CO}}_{2}$, and $2\ensuremath{-}50$ eV for ${e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{CO}}_{2}$. The onset of positronium formation is clearly seen by an abrupt rise in the total cross sections for positrons colliding with each of the molecules at the respective positronium-formation thresholds. The positron measurements are compared with the electron measurements at intermediate energies for ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$. This comparison reveals a merging of the cross sections for ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ at energies above 200 eV, while for ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ the electron results remain higher than the positron results at all energies. Estimates are made of potential experimental errors, as well as the experimental resolution for discrimination against projectiles scattered at small forward angles.
239 citations
TL;DR: Three patients died, one of whom had signed out of the hospital on the 14th day and returned moribund 27 days later, and Vancomycin treatment for 28 days was adequate therapy for most patients.
Abstract: Between June 1980 and September 1981 we evaluated 24 cases of endocarditis from methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus. All of the cases occurred in drug addicts and all were community...
219 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Elevated levels of cathepsin B in the high metastatic B16F10 variant are consistent with the idea that cathePSin B may play a direct or a regulatory role in tumor metastasis.
Abstract: In solid sc tumors of a variant of the murine B16 melanoma with high metastatic potential (B16F 10 ), there was a 2- to 7-fold elevation of lysosomal cathepsin B activity when compared to the B16F 1 variant with low metastatic potential The highest activities (based on either protein or DNA) of cathepsin B were found in tumors of less than 1 g When B16F 1 and B16F 10 melanoma variants were grown in tissue culture, the metastatic differential in cathepsin B activity was lost as the cells were subcultured However, this differential in cathepsin B activity could be restored by reestablishing the cultured cells as sc tumors The activities of four other lysosomal enzymes (cathepsin D, β- N -acetylglucosaminidase, β-glucuronidase, and acid phosphatase) showed little evidence of a positive correlation with the metastatic potential of the B16 melanoma variants Eighty to 90% of cathepsin B activity has been localized to a fraction containing viable tumor cells which was isolated by centrifugal elutriation In contrast, only 50% of cathepsin D activity was in the viable tumor cell fraction, and from 30 to 70% of β- N -acetylglucosaminidase, β-glucuronidase, and acid phosphatase Elevated levels of cathepsin B in the high metastatic B16F 10 variant are consistent with the idea that cathepsin B may play a direct or a regulatory role in tumor metastasis
216 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the Block Child Rearing Practices Report (CRPR) was analyzed using Likert type format and two factors were determined: Restrictiveness and Nurturance.
Abstract: Factor analyzed the Block Child Rearing Practices Report (CRPR), which consists of 91 socialization-relevant statements. Studies have noted that the CRPR lacks homogeneity from sample to sample because of the large number of determined factors (28–33). The CRPR was administered to 95 parents from an urban and suburban school district and 211 undergraduates majoring in psychology in the form of a questionnaire that utilized a 6-point Likert type scale. Two factors were determined by analysis of the questionnaire using the Likert type format: Restrictiveness and Nurturance. Forty items of the original 91 loaded on the identified two factors. When the intended Q-sort format was administered to 150 undergraduate psychology students for cross validation, these two factors were identified further as stable dimensions. The results indicate that the modified 40-item Likert format of the CRPR facilitates administration and interpretation of the scale, without impeding reliability, and enhances its usefulness as an effective instrument in program evaluation.
212 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the relative influence of personal, attitudinal, and behavioral variables on behavioral intentions and voluntary turnover among nonsupervisory plant workers was assessed, and it was found that personal variables have little direct effect on turnover; rather, their influence on turnover is channeled through their effects on behavioral intention.
207 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a compact algorithm is presented to obtain the two-electron integral derivative contribution to MC SCF gradients that avoids the storage of the integral derivatives or the back-transformed twoelectron density matrix.
TL;DR: A highly significant statistical relationship exists between subclinical papillomavirus infection of the lower genital tract and the occurrence of cervical neoplasia and the strength, specificity and consistency of this relationship suggest that SPI may be a precursor of cervical malignancy.
Abstract: A blind comparative survey was undertaken to study the prevalence of subclinical papillomavirus infection (SPI) in a representative sample of women treated surgically for invasive or preinvasive cervical neoplasia. According to a semiobjective rating system, 73 of 80 women (91%) with cervical neoplasia and ten of 80 matched controls (12.5%) showed histologic evidence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Sixty of the controls (75%), but none of the study group, had normal cervicovaginal epithelium. A highly significant statistical relationship exists between subclinical papillomavirus infection of the lower genital tract and the occurrence of cervical neoplasia (F = 378; P less than 0.001; X2 = 109, P less than 0.001). The prevalence of SPI was seven times greater in the study group than in comparable controls of equivalent disease status. Because both are covariables of promiscuity, statistical association exist between cervical neoplasia and all sexually transmitted diseases. However, the strength, specificity and consistency of this relationship suggest that SPI may be a precursor or cervical malignancy. This contention is given biologic plausibility by a broad fabric of supporting epidemiology, virologic and clinicopathologic evidence.
TL;DR: The present findings demonstrate that avian and mammalian embryonic α genes had a monophyletic origin involving an α locus duplication about 400 Myr ago, and support the view that such globin evolution resulted from natural selection acting on mutations in duplicated genes.
Abstract: Recent years have seen rapid growth in amino acid sequence data on globins and nucleotide sequence data on haemoglobin genes and pseudogenes, and cladistic analysis1 of these data continues to reveal new facets of globin evolution. Our present findings demonstrate: (1) avian and mammalian embryonic α genes (π and ξ, respectively) had a monophyletic origin involving an α locus duplication about 400 Myr ago soon after the duplication which separated α and β genes; (2) much later in phylogeny, independent β-gene duplications produced the embryonic ρ locus of birds and embryonic ɛ and fetal γ loci of mammals. This parallels the earlier finding2 that myoglobins evolved more than once from generalized globin ancestors. Here we support the view2 that such globin evolution resulted from natural selection acting on mutations in duplicated genes. Thus, our evidence contradicts the neutralist view3,4 in which almost all amino acid substitutions in descent to extant globins evaded positive selection.
TL;DR: In this article, a structural model of adult development is proposed, and three adult stages of logic are proposed: intrasystemic (formal realism), intersystemic (contextual relativism), and autonomy.
Abstract: This paper proposes a neo-Piagetian structural model of adult development. It is argued that propositional logic may fail as a device for regulating affect and action, and only prefigures rather than embodies mature structures of self-regulation. Three adult stages of logic are proposed: intrasystemic (formal realism), intersystemic (contextual relativism), and autonomy. These stages can serve as a broad organizational device for understanding a wide array of adult developmental phenomena, including cognitive, affective, ego, and interpersonal development.
TL;DR: Based on unit recording studies in behaving animals it appears that the brain stem cells best suited for a role in theta generation are the pontine RF neurons in the rat, rabbit and dog that fire selectively during the identical states in which theta is present in the hippocampus.
TL;DR: Autoradiographic studies of cat retina showed an accumulation of [3H]dopamine in a subpopulation of amacrine cells whose process ramify in the outermost stratum of the inner plexiform layer, suggesting that dopaminergic amacine cells may play an important role in the regulation of rod pathways in the cat retina.
TL;DR: The survival rate of neonates with periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage and the incidence of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus correlated with the severity of the hemorrhage, and abnormal ventricular size by sonography on follow-up did not correlate with neurologic outcome in the moderate and severe hemorrhage groups.
TL;DR: This prospective study of cosmetic adverse reactions by eleven dermatologists identified 487 cases of cosmetic-induced dermatitis; the face, eye, and upper arm were the most involved sites.
Abstract: This prospective study (1977-1980) of cosmetic adverse reactions by eleven dermatologists identified 487 cases of cosmetic-induced dermatitis. Approximately half of the cases were covert in nature. Eighty percent were due to allergic contact dermatitis; the face, eye, and upper arm were the most involved sites. Skin care products, hair preparations (including colors), and facial makeup products were the most commonly involved product categories. Fragrances, preservatives, lanolin and lanolin derivatives, p -phenylenediamine, and propylene glycol were the most commonly identified causative agents. The data may not be representative of the country at large because of the special interests of the dermatologists involved.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Since long-term endothel cell cultures derived from the cerebral microvasculature retain characteristic endothelial cell markers and in vivo markers andIn vivo features of brain capillary endothelium, they can serve as a useful model system to characterize microvascular endothelia in a variety of disease states.
TL;DR: Twelve dogs were anesthetized and instrumental for determination of CVP, arterial Pressure, intracranial pressure, left atrial pressure, and frontal cerebral cortical blood flow by the thermal method and Treated animals had a prompt return of CCBF rates equal to or greater than pre-arrest flow, which persisted throughout the period of post-ar arrest observation.
TL;DR: In a longitudinal study, this article found that boys who had been ranked by peers as "tough", or dominant in agonistic encounters, in early grade school were observed to have erect posture in high school.
Abstract: Darwin and others have perceived parallels between the erect bearing of proud, successful humans and the expansive demeanor of dominant animals. Various additional parallels between man and other primates in the characteristics of dominance hierarchies, the facial and postural expression of dominance, and its possible neural mediation are described. In the present study, success by human subjects in various situations was found to be reflected by erect posture. In a longitudinal study, boys who had been ranked by peers as “tough,” or dominant in agonistic encounters, in early grade school were observed to have erect posture in high school. Further, high school students who were judged by peers as successful by group standards tended to have erect posture. Finally, erectness of posture was related to performance on a college examination, with students' posture changing in erectness upon their receiving their grade. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that human competition for social success is based upon a biological capacity for dominance hierarchization.
TL;DR: This simple, straightforward methodology for testing MINs (multistage interconnection networks) requires only four test sequences for single-fault diagnosis and is independent of network size.
Abstract: Test length is independent of network size in this simple, straightforward methodology for testing MINs (multistage interconnection networks). It requires only four test sequences for single-fault diagnosis. 26 references.
TL;DR: The results of the quantitative autoradiographic studies in combination with the other data strongly suggest that the immediate failure of these cells to form myelin sheaths is due to a shortened life span and/or continued cell proliferation.
TL;DR: There seems to be no test procedure or even combination of tests that will reliably predict which patient might develop a thromboembolic episode in association with oral contraceptives or in combination with any other condition recognized as being a risk factor.
TL;DR: When combined with noninvasive tests of LV performance, positive myocardial pyrophosphate (PYP) scanning provides a new and useful adjunct in the diagnosis of amyloid heart disease.
TL;DR: Dopamine is implicated in the etiology and expression of anxiety, and a discussion of this implication is presented with a review of the clinical efficacy of nonbenzodiazepine drugs, especially dopamine agonists and dopamine antagonists, in the management of anxiety.
Abstract: Clinical trials have indicated that buspirone (Buspar®) is effective in the treatment of anxiety with efficacy and dosage comparable to diazepam. Until recently it has been thought that antianxiety drugs must alter benzodiazepine receptor binding in vitro. However, buspirone lacks any structural similarity to the benzodiazepines and does not interact with the benzodiazepine/γ-aminobutyric acid GABA) axis. Specifically, buspirone neither stimulates nor inhibits [3H]benzodiazepine binding, does not affect the influence of GABA or halide anions on benzodiazepine binding, and does not interfere with GABA binding or uptake. Behavioral testing has revealed that buspirone does not produce muscle weakness, does not control seizures, does not potentiate the impairment of psychophysiological function or lethality produced by administration of CNS depressants, does not produce sedation/hypnosis and does not appear to possess any abuse potential or liability for physical dependence. Thus, buspirone has been termed an anxioselective agent. Buspirone appears to only interact with the dopaminergic system with reasonable potency and exhibits properties of both a dopamine agonist and a dopamine antagonist. This suggests that dopamine is implicated in the etiology and expression of anxiety. A discussion of this implication is presented with a review of the clinical efficacy of nonbenzodiazepine drugs, especially dopamine agonists and dopamine antagonists, in the management of anxiety. In addition, neuropharmacological studies which have investigated the role of dopamine in animal models of anxiety are considered. Finally, the multiplicity of dopamine receptors and their regional localization in the brain are considered in the formulation of an hypothesis which features a role for the dopaminergic agents in the pharmacotherapy of anxiety.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used behavioral observation techniques to determine if significant sex differences exist in small group interaction, and found that there are no significant differences between men and women in total participation rates, men have significantly higher active task behavior (answers) and women have significantly high positive social-emotional behavior (questions).
Abstract: Studies which used behavioral observation techniques were reviewed to determine if significant sex differences exist in small group interaction. Results-indicated that (1) there are no significant differences between men and women in total participation rates, (2) men have significantly higher active task behavior (answers) and women have significantly higher positive social-emotional behavior, but the differences are less than 10%, (3) there are no significant sex differences in rates of negative social-emotional behavior or passive task behavior (questions), (4) these interaction rates are independent of sexual composition of the group but are affected by the sexual bias of the group's task, (5) sex differences in interaction are not related to differences in group productivity, (6) the majority of men's and women's interaction, both as members and as group leaders, is in the task categories, (7) members' attitudes and satisfaction are related to sex differences in approximately 30% of the tested relati...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated the prevalence and severity of diabetic retinopathy in 173 juvenile-onset, type I diabetic subjects and 78 non-diabetic controls by stereoscopic fundus photography and fluorescein angiography, performed by a standardized protocol and evaluated by five expert, masked observers.
Abstract: We evaluated the prevalence and severity of diabetic retinopathy in 173 juvenile-onset, type I diabetic subjects and 78 nondiabetic controls of similar age, race, and sex distribution by stereoscopic fundus photography and fluorescein angiography, performed by a standardized protocol and evaluated by five expert, masked observers. The overall prevalence of retinopathy was 18% in the diabetic group and 0% in the controls. Retinopathy prevalence increased with duration of diabetes in the diabetic group, with a prevalence of 1% from 0–4 yr after diagnosis, 25% after 5–9 yr, and 67% 10–16 yr after onset of the systemic disease. There was an independent association with age, with little retinopathy before age 15 and a 48% prevalence in older persons. Retinopathy was also found to be independently associated with the following: diabetic “control,” evaluated semiquantitatively but on a masked basis; lens opacities; and frequency of daily insulin injections. Among the 166 diabetic subjects who had both angiography and photography, a retinopathy prevalence of 17% was detected by angiography and 11% by photography. This difference was statistically significant (P = 0.01). This study provides baseline data for use in estimating sample size in controlled trials of therapeutic measures to prevent retinopathy in juvenile diabetic populations. The study also supports the hypothesis that long-term hyperglycemia as well as changes (possibly hormonal in nature) associated with puberty are causally related to diabetic retinopathy.
TL;DR: The authors argued that some apparent deficits found in cognitive ageing may result from models that focus on youth-centered, formal-logical standards of thinking, and proposed an alternative model of adult development which explains these apparent deficits in terms of progressive reorganizations where decline in performance may be a consequence of the growth of more complex and highly differentiated skills.
Abstract: The present paper argues that some apparent deficits found in cognitive ageing may result from models that focus on youth-centered, formal-logical standards of thinking. An alternative model of adult development is proposed which explains these apparent deficits in terms of progressive reorganizations where decline in performance may be a consequence of the growth of more complex and highly differentiated skills. More specifically, the contextualization of formal logic or the reintegration of logic and affect found in older adult thinking is seen to represent a mature level of cognitive differentiation characterized by an autonomous, socially-oriented, and dialectical mode of reasoning. This theoretical perspective is substantiated by a review of the literature evidencing this kind of progression. Future research implications are discussed.
TL;DR: The job characteristics model of worker motivation has been applied in many organizational settings as discussed by the authors, and an empirical application of this model to the industrial sales position is presented in this art....
Abstract: The job characteristics model of worker motivation has been applied in many organizational settings. An empirical application of this model to the industrial sales position is presented in this art...