Showing papers by "West Virginia University published in 1983"

Alignment in total knee arthroplasty. Correlated biomechanical and clinical observations.

Abstract: The initial experience with the Freeman-Swanson (ICLH) total knee arthroplasty (1971-1975) led to changes of tibial component size, alignment, instruments, and surgical technique in 1975. Certain patients in this initial series, however, have shown excellent long-term (5 1/2-9 years) results. In patients with overall alignment between 1 degrees and 13 degrees valgus, the success rate was 89%. In patients with knees aligned between neutral and 8 degrees varus, the success rate was only 14%. This startling difference in long-term results was investigated by using eccentric loading tests to simulate varus and valgus malalignment. Knee arthroplasties failed in eccentric loading at very low loads. Failure by lift-off of the unloaded side occurred at 9%-18% and failure of bone due to compression on the loaded side occurred at 34%-51% of the load at failure under ideal uniform loading conditions. Thus, both the long-term clinical study and the laboratory analysis demonstrate the importance of proper overall alignment in total knee arthroplasty.

Power in the Classroom I: Teacher and Student Perceptions.

Abstract: The primary focus of this study was to determine the degree to which teachers and students have shared perceptions of the use of power in the classroom. The results indicated that even though statistically significant associations between teacher and student perceptions were found, teacher/student perceptions of the use of power are not isomorphic. The results also indicated that both teachers and students view the overwhelming proportion of power use to stem from reward, referent, and expert bases.

Viral and epidemiologic studies of idiopathic sudden hearing loss.

Abstract: The relationship between viral seroconversions and idiopathic sudden hearing loss (ISHL) is studied. Compared with our control group, the incidence of viral seroconversions is greater among ISHL patients, both for single and multiple viral infections. There was a significantly greater number of patients with seroconversions to mumps, rubeola, varicella-zoster, cytomegalovirus, and influenza B. We were unable to find a relationship between viral seroconversion and type or degree of hearing loss, vertigo, or chance for recovery. The incidences of viral conversion and sudden hearing loss track one another closely, suggesting that viral infection is a major cause of ISHL. During this 3-year study in Boston, ISHL was most prevalent in the spring.

Differential Word Knowledge and Reading Comprehension

Abstract: This study examined the effects of vocabulary pre-instruction on reading comprehension. Two vocabulary training treatments, chosen on the basis of a theoretical framework for vocabulary instruction, and a control were used with 28 average fifth-grade readers. For two of three order groups, both training treatments produced significantly higher scores on passage tests, and, for all children, both training treatments produced significantly higher scores on two sentence comprehension measures and a multiple-choice synonym test, indicating that pre-instruction had a significant effect on both comprehension and vocabulary learning. In addition, a mixed method of vocabulary instruction, or one which provided both definitional and contextual information about the taught words, produced significantly higher comprehension scores than did a definitional method.

Landslide risk assessment

Abstract: Landslide risk can be assessed by evaluating geological conditions associated with past events. A sample of 2,4 16 slides from urban areas in West Virginia, each with 12 associated geological factors, has been analyzed using SAS computer methods. In addition, selected data have been normalized to account for areal distribution of rock formations, soil series, and slope percents. Final calculations yield landslide risk assessments of 1.50=high risk. The simplicity of the method provides for a rapid, initial assessment prior to financial investment. However, it does not replace on-site investigations, nor excuse poor construction.

Magnetic properties of Mn 3 O 4 and a solution of the canted-spin problem

Abstract: The temperature-dependent studies of the low-field magnetization $M$, the paramagnetic susceptibility $\ensuremath{\chi}$, and the electron-spin-resonance (ESR) parameters (linewidth $\ensuremath{\Delta}H$ and resonance field ${H}_{r}$) of a polycrystalline natural sample of the ferrimagnet hausmannite (${\mathrm{Mn}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$) are reported. Since earlier attempts to fit $\ensuremath{\chi}$ and the canted-spin structure of ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ occurring below its ${T}_{C}\ensuremath{\simeq}42$ K with the use of Lotgering's model have been unsuccessful, special attention has been given to this problem. With the use of an extended Lotgering model, which is equivalent to N\'eel's two-sublattice model, a set of molecular-field constants, viz. ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{\mathrm{AB}}=54.3$, ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{\mathrm{BB}}=78.9$, and ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{\mathrm{AA}}=26.0$, has been obtained from the fit of $\ensuremath{\chi}$ between 45 and 297 K. With these constants, the calculated values for the canting angle of the $B$ sublattices, the Curie temperature ${T}_{C}$, and the asymptotic Curie-Weiss temperature ${T}_{a}$ agree well with the experimental values for these parameters. The $M\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{vs}\ensuremath{-}T$ data yield anomalies at ${T}_{C}$ and 39 K, whereas ${H}_{r}$ and $\ensuremath{\Delta}H$ have anomalous changes at ${T}_{C}$, 39 K, and near 32 K. The anomalies near 39 and 32 K are indicative of the known spin reorientation transitions at these temperatures in ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$. The ESR parameters indicate a spin-only $g$ value for ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{3+}$ ions at the $B$ sites of ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$.

Heterodyne detection through rain, snow, and turbid media: effective receiver size at optical through millimeter wavelengths.

Abstract: Both scattering and turbulence can effect the spatial coherence of short wavelength signals propagating through the open atmosphere. In this paper, the influence of forward scattering on heterodyne receiver performance is investigated, taking into account turbulence. It is shown that the effect of forward scattering is to reduce the effective heterodyne receiver area through spatial coherence degradation. A common approach to scattering as an attenuation phenomenon is not always valid. Generally, this approach underestimates the SNR. The accuracy of the attenuation approach depends on the ratio R of the actual receiver diameter to the scattering particle diameter. If R > 100, scattering is essentially large angle and the typical treatment of scattering as an attenuation effect is indeed justified. However, for small R, forward scattering is primarily small angle, field coherence is noticeably affected by forward scattering, and the attenuation approach is not valid. Further, it is shown that the SNR is improved when the ratio of the scattering particulate size to turbulence coherence diameter decreases. From the practical point of view, the most important result of this study is that small receivers use their area more effectively than large receivers. Thus, an array of several small receivers may perform better than one large receiver with the same total area. The treatment here is particularly relevant for coherent detection through clouds, fog, precipitation, and turbid media in general, including liquid media.

Compliance-Gaining and Power in Persuasion

Abstract: (1983). Compliance-Gaining and Power in Persuasion. Annals of the International Communication Association: Vol. 7, Communication Yearbook 7, pp. 105-145.

Haloperidol: a quarter century of experience.

Abstract: Research on haloperidol's pharmacokinetics, side effects, indications, and efficacy is reviewed. Issues related to high-dose therapy, rapid neuroleptization, intravenous administration, use in geriatric patients, and coadministration with lithium in mania are discussed. Overall, 25 years of experience have indicated that haloperidol can be used safely and effectively to manage a variety of psychiatric illnesses, so long as dosage and method of administration are adjusted to individual patients' needs. Research continues on the use of this drug, not only in psychiatry but in several other areas of medical practice.

Social desirability and the measurement of psychological well-being in elderly persons.

Abstract: The discriminant validity of two commonly used measures of life satisfaction was investigated. The Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale, the Life Satisfaction Index-B, and two theoretically unrelated self-report measures were completed by 60 alumni of West Virginia University, aged 66 to 86 years. Convergent validity of the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale and the Life Satisfaction Index-B was established (r = .64, p less than .0001), but both also correlated significantly with a measure of social desirability (r = .70 and .58, respectively, p less than .0001). The need for more basic work on measurement of life satisfaction in elderly persons was discussed.

Marital intimacy and self‐disclosure

Abstract: Examined the relationship between the qualitative aspects of marital intimacy among 20 couples and a quantitative, microalysis of their selfdisclosing behavior. Two interview segments and their combination were scored for the basic parameters of self-disclosure using the Self-Disclosure Coding System (SDCS). The scores served as predictor variables for each of 12 intimacy dimensions derived from the standardized, structured Victoria Hospital Intimacy Interview in stepwise multiple regression analyses. The resulting multiple Rs ranged from 0.357 for Sexuality in segment 1 to 0.853 for Identity in segment II. Analysis of the couples' self-disclosures across segments I and II yielded multiple Rs from 0.446 to 0.850, with the intimacy dimensions of Expressiveness, Compatibility, Behavior, and Identity the highest correlates. These results suggest that although self-disclosure and intimacy are not synonymous, self-disclosing behavior is a major determinant of various aspects of marital intimacy and accounts for more than 50% of the variance in at least four dimensions. Explanations for these findings and their clinical relevance are discussed.

The relationship between science process skill and formal thinking abilities

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to examine integrated process skill and formal thinking abilities of middle and high school students and determine the relationship, if any, between the two. A relationship was thought to exist since both sets of skills strongly emphasize conducting fair experiments as well as other abilities. Pencil and paper measures of formal operational and integrated process skill achievement were given to almost 500 grade 7–12 students. Resulting correlations showed a strong relationship between achievement on the two meansures (r = 0.73) and all subtests of both measures. Factor analysis data corroborate the correlational evidence. One potential inference to be drawn from these results is that process skill teaching might influence formal thinking ability. A follow-up experimental study will determine this.

Characterization of multiple [3H]5-hydroxytryptamine binding sites in rat spinal cord tissue.

Abstract: High-affinity [3H]5-hydroxytryptamine ([3H]5-HT) binding in the rat spinal cord is similar to that demonstrated in the frontal cortex. [3H]5-HT binds with nearly the same affinity to sites in both tissues. Furthermore, similar patterns of displacement of [3H]5–HT were seen in both tissues, with either spiperone or LSD as the unlabeled ligand. This high-affinity binding appears to be to multiple sites, since displacement studies using 2 nM [3H]5–HT result in Hill coefficients less than unity for spiperone, LSD, and quipazine [Hill coefficients (nH): 0.44, 0.39, 0.40, respectively]. These sites apparently have an equal affinity for [3H]5-HT, since unlabeled 5-HT did not discriminate between them. Thus, the high-affinity [3H]5-HT binding in the spinal cord may be analogous to that observed in the frontal cortex, where two populations of sites have previously been described (5-HTIA, 5-HTIB). In addition to the multiple high-affinity spinal cord binding sites, a low-affinity [3H]5-HT binding component was also identified. A curvilinear Scatchard plot results from saturation studies using [3H]5-HT (0.5–100 nM) in the spinal cord. The plot can be resolved into sites having apparent dissociation constants of 1.4 nM and 57.8 nM for the high-and low-affinity components, respectively. Additional support for a change in affinity characteristics at higher radioligand concentrations comes from the displacement of 30 nM [3H]5-HT by the unlabeled ligand. A nonparallel shift in the dissociation curve was seen, resulting in a Hill coefficient less than unity (0.32). None of the specifically bound [3H]5-HT in the spinal cord is associated with the 5-HT uptake carrier, since fluoxetine, an inhibitor of 5-HT uptake, does not alter binding characteristics. In addition, a 5-HT binding site analogous to the site designated 5-HT, was not apparent in the spinal cord. Ketanse-rin and cyproheptadine, drugs that are highly selective for 5-HT, sites, did not displace [3H]5-HT from spinal tissue, and [3H]spiperone, a radioligand that binds with high affinity to 5-HT2 sites, did not exhibit saturable binding in the tissue. Thus, the 5-HT2 binding site reported in other regions of the central nervous system, and the serotonin uptake carrier do not appear to contribute to the multiple binding sites demonstrated in the spinal cord.

The impact of perceptions of leadership style, use of power, and conflict management style on organizational outcomes

Abstract: The degree of association between supervisor and subordinate perceptions of the supervisor's leadership style, use of power by the supervisor, and the supervisor's conflict‐management style was studied in 87 organizational units representing five service‐oriented organizations. The ability of the supervisors’ and subordinates’ perceptions, individually and jointly, and the discrepancy between these perceptions to predict subordinate satisfaction with supervision and work, subordinate solidarity with supervisor, and degree of subordinate anxiety about communicating with the supervisor were also examined.

Free-metal ion depletion by "Good's" buffers.

Abstract: Metal-ion affinity (formation) constants were determined for two "Good's" buffers, N-tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid (TES) and N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)glycine (bicine). The metal chelates formed undergo loss of an internal ligand (alcohol) proton (bicine) and undergo hydrolysis (bicine and TES) and dimerization reactions (TES). Bicine and TES buffer not only hydrogen ions but also metal ions. The metal complexes of "Good's" buffers also buffer hydrogen ions by secondary reactions. The consequences of these reactions are considered in relation to biomedical research.

Optimization of Darrieus turbines with an upwind and downwind momentum model.

Abstract: This paper presents a theoretical inviscid aerodynamic optimization method for straight-bladed Darrieus wind turbines. First, a generalized Betz limit has been derived for an arbitrary number of actuator disks in series. Then a momentum-type velocity model is introduced with separate cosine-type interference coefficients for the upwind and downwind half of the rotor. The cosine-type velocity interference permits the rotor blades to become unloaded near the junction of the upwind and downwind rotor halves. A closed-form solution for the optimum and off-design value of the interference coefficients has been obtained by equating the jc component of force on each of the rotor halves to that on each of two semicylindrical actuators in series. The values for the optimum rotor efficiency, solidity, and corresponding interference coefficients have been obtained in a closed-form analytical solution by maximizing the power extracted from the downwind rotor half as well as from the entire rotor. The Betz limit for two uniformly loaded actuator disks in series is shown to equal CP = 0.64 and for two cosine loaded semicylindrical actuators in series Cp = 0.617 and for a straight-bladed Darrieus rotor CP = 0.610.

Purification of haptoglobin and its effects on lymphocyte and alveolar macrophage responses

Abstract: Clinical observations made on a patient with acute hypersensitivity pneumonitis revealed that the patient's serum contained a mitogenic inhibitor and an extremely high haptoglobin (Hp) level; this led to an investigation of the role of Hp in lymphocyte function. Hp was isolated and purified from acute phase rabbit serum by a new method using DE-52 anion exchange chromatography and preparative isoelectric focusing in a range of pH 3.0–5.0. This technique produced a homogenous, biologically active product in fewer steps and in higher yields than existing techniques. Purified rabbit Hp significantly inhibited polyclonal lymphocyte mitogenic responses to PHA or Con A in a dose-response fashion. Hp also significantly inhibited B-cell mitogenesis at a high concentration (200 mg/100 ml) in response to LPS while it enhanced B-cell mitogenesis at lower concentrations (50 and 100 mg/100 ml). Purified Hp had no effect on monoclonal, antigen-specific (BSA) mitogenesis. Rabbit alveolar macrophages produced significant amounts of prostaglandin E in vitro in response to LPS but Hp had no effect on this production. However, Hp alone caused approximately the same amount of stimulation of PGE production by alveolar macrophages as did LPS alone. The ability of Hp to modulate lymphocyte as well as macrophage function seems to indicate that Hp plays a role in the moderation of inflammation. This ability to moderate inflammation, especially in the lungs, may play an important role in regulating tissue damage and disease following inhalation of inflammatory aerosols.

Quantitative assessment of neural development in human premolars.

Abstract: The number of nerve fibers entering a tooth gives an indication of the tooth's capacity to perform a sensory function. Nerve fiber development was quantitated from cross sections of the apical portions of 49 erupted human premolars at various stages of root development and in subjects up to 71 years of age. Neural development was incomplete in immature teeth, greatly variable in young mature teeth, and complete in older teeth. Myelinated axons changed in number but not in size during tooth development. There were significantly fewer myelinated axons in teeth with open and parallel apical foramina than in older teeth. Unmyelinated axons did not change significantly in number with development but fewer large axons were found in older teeth. The number of unmyelinated axons enclosed in a single boundary lamina tended to be lower in older teeth. As a physiologic correlate, threshold responses to electrical stimulation were also determined prior to premolar removal. Threshold stimulation decreased significantly with apical foramen maturation. A significant negative correlation was found between the threshold stimulus and the number of myelinated axons in fully developed teeth, but not in immature teeth.

Between worlds: a relocation dilemma for the Appalachian elderly.

Abstract: An historically based spatial separation of old people from their children has generated a critical relocation dilemma for the present generation of Appalachian elderly--reconciling the physical, social, and emotional support of a familiar environment with the desire to be close to family. This article, based on a four-year participant observation study of a panel of elderly persons in a rural northern Appalachian community, explores the tension between factors that reinforce inertia and those that encourage relocation to the homes of children living outside Appalachian. The article traces and illustrates a normative trajectory involving several phases--departure of children, accommodation, seasonal migration, crisis, relocation, holding on, and severance--that characterize the decision process whereby, over a period of years, the dilemma is gradually resolved.

Evolution of nerve conduction abnormalities in children with dominant hypertrophic neuropathy of the Charcot-Marie-Tooth type.

Abstract: Serial motor conduction velocities and distal motor latencies were determined in two pairs of dizygotic twins, each born to a parent with dominant hypertrophic neuropathy of the Charcot-Marie-Tooth type (HMSN-I). Motor nerve conduction velocities could not distinguish between the normal and affected twin of the first pair studied at birth. Distal motor latency in the affected twin at birth, however, was borderline prolonged. The affected twin of the second pair had slowed motor velocities at age 17 months, but the extent of conduction slowing had not yet fully developed. Studies of these patients and the affected family members showed that maximal slowing of motor nerve conduction velocities evolved over the first 3-5 years of life in HMSN-I. Prolongation of distal motor latency may be the earliest abnormality observed in HMSN-I and this abnormality evolves over 10 or more years.

Pituitary and ovarian responses to gonadotropin releasing hormone, calf removal and progestogen in anestrous beef cows.

Abstract: Effects of Syncro-Mate B (SMB) and(or) short-term calf removal (CR) on pituitary and ovarian responses after gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) were studied in two experiments. In Exp. 1, 24 thin, 2-yr-old, anestrous, Brahman crossbred cows were allotted randomly to a 2 x 2 factorial design involving 27-h CR and SMB. All cows were injected (iv) with 150 /ag GnRH at 24 h after removal of implants and(or) calves. Blood samples were collected at 3 0 , 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120 and 180 min post-GnRH. The GnRH-induced release of luteinizing hormone (LH) differed among treatments (P<.05). The release of LH was higher in cows with CR than in control cows (P<.05). Although pretreatment with SMB increased the quanti ty of LH release compared with the CR and control cows, SMB + CR did not show an additive effect over SMB alone. In Exp. 2, 49 mature Charolais x Hereford cows were allotted randomly to one of the following groups: control, 24-h CR or 32-h CR. Follicular size was measured by palpation per rectum at

Primary sarcoma of the liver in the adult.

Abstract: Primary undifferentiated sarcoma of the liver is a rare tumor, being documented primarily in the pediatric age group. This report describes the occurrence of such a tumor in a 55-year-old white woman with Meyenburg's complexes of the liver and the CRST syndrome. The clinicopathologic features of the tumor in the adult are characterized and the literature is reviewed.