Showing papers by "Western Carolina University published in 1997"
TL;DR: In this paper, two experiments were conducted to examine the moderating effects of depression and trait self-esteem on reactions to social exclusion, and the results suggested that depression and low selfesteem place people at risk for dysphoria and self-devaluation following interpersonal rejection.
Abstract: Two experiments were conducted to examine the moderating effects of depression and trait self-esteem on reactions to social exclusion. Participants received information indicating that they had been included in or excluded from a laboratory group and that their inclusion or exclusion was based either on the other group members' preferences or on a random procedure. Participants who scored high in depression (Experiment 1) and low in self-esteem (Experiment 2) responded more strongly (and logically) to the experimental manipulations than participants low in depression and high in self-esteem. The results suggested that depression and low self-esteem place people at risk for dysphoria and self-devaluation following interpersonal rejection.
265 citations
01 Jan 1997
TL;DR: The Celestine Prophecy as discussed by the authors describes the nine insights of life as revealed in a fictitious Peruvian manuscript, and it is used to describe human conflict as a competition for the energy that flows between individuals.
Abstract: In 1993, James Redfield published the Celestine Prophecy, an intriguing book describing the nine insights of life as revealed in a fictitious Peruvian manuscript. As individuals uncover each of the insights in sequence, they learn that the physical world is a huge system of energy. However, because people do not know how to harvest that energy, they compete with other individuals for the energy that they can acquire directly from them. Thus, throughout history, human conflict has stemmed from competition for the energy that flows between individuals. By controlling another person, people can increase their own energy by “stealing” some of the other individual’s energy. The method that people use to gather another’s energy is referred to as a control drama and reflects patterns of behavior that were learned in childhood. Thus, some people control others by making them feel guilty. Others direct people by monopolizing conversations. Still others control people by ostracizing them and depriving them of valued interpersonal resources. So, aversive interpersonal behaviors, at least in part, reflect people’s control dramas or the methods that they invoke to gather energy from others (Redfield, 1993).
173 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the relationship between personality and attitudes toward the treatment of animals by administering the Sixteen Personality Factor Inventory and the Animal Attitudes Scale to 99 college students.
Abstract: The authors examined the relationship between personality and attitudes toward the treatment of animals by administering the Sixteen Personality Factor Inventory and the Animal Attitudes Scale to 99 college students. The personality scales were only weakly related to attitudes about animal welfare issues. Two personality factors, sensitivity and imaginativeness, were significantly correlated with attitudes towards animals. Gender and sensitivity explained 25% of the variance in attitudes, with most of the variance accounted for by gender.
164 citations
01 Jan 1997
TL;DR: Lenters et al. as discussed by the authors used GCM experiments to show that the high elevation of the Andes combines with their narrow width to generate marked perturbations in South America's climate even though the far-field effects on global climate are small.
Abstract: The north-trending Andean Cordillera is the highest landmass in the Southern Hemisphere. Lenters et al.1 and Lenters and Cook2 used general circulation model (GCM) experiments to show that the high elevation of the Andes combines with their narrow width to generate marked perturbations in South America’s climate, even though the far-field effects on global climate are small. By extrapolation, topographic uplift of the Andean chain probably perturbed the paleoclimate of South America. This paper summarizes the history of that uplift between 16° and 33°3O′S (Fig. 1), a zone that spans the tropics, a subtropical high-pressure belt, and the northern margin of the westerlies.3
105 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the development, implementation, and evaluation of an innovative preservice teacher education program in elementary education in the Inclusive Early Childhood Education Unit at The University of Tennessee.
Abstract: Current efforts to reform special education are contingent upon preparing general education teachers at the preservice level for inclusive classroom settings. In this article, we describe the development, implementation, and evaluation of innovative preservice teacher education program in elementary education in the Inclusive Early Childhood Education Unit at The University of Tennessee. This program possesses several distinctive features: a three-phase training model; alternative approaches to instructional delivery, curricula, and assessment; local school mentoring; and extensive field-based experiences. Program outcomes from mentoring teachers, school administrators, and students were collected to assess the impact of the program.
56 citations
TL;DR: Yungui Plateau lakes in southwestern China are economically important, although few have been studied previously as discussed by the authors, and the chemical and physical characteristics of Yunnan lakes, and address effects of regional geology and human influences on water quality and sediment type.
Abstract: Yungui Plateau lakes in southwestern China are economically important, although few have been studied previously. Water and sediments of 24 lakes throughout Yunnan Province were sampled in October 1994. We describe the chemical and physical characteristics of Yunnan lakes, and address effects of regional geology and human influences on water quality and sediment type. Water quality differs between deep Yunnan lakes of tectonic origin and shallow solution basins. Shallow lakes generally have higher nutrient concentrations and appear to be more susceptible to riparian disturbance than deeper lakes. Shallow lakes with high macrophyte standing crops, nevertheless, exhibit nutrient-poor waters. Principal ions Ca2+, Mg2+, and HCO3
– reflect regional carbonate geology, except in Cheng Hai, which is a sodium bicarbonate lake. Specific conductance and δ18O are positively correlated, indicating that evaporation concentrates both solutes and 18O. Large, shallow lakes in southeastern Yunnan exhibit 18O-enriched waters because of substantial evaporation, whereas small, deep lakes are 18O-depleted. Lake waters are 18O-depleted in small, shallow basins that receive substantial rainwater input relative to their small volumes. 18O enrichment in Cheng Hai suggests that a recent 5-m water-level decline in this lake was caused by increased evaporation or diversion of freshwater inflow. Yunnan watersheds have undergone substantial deforestation, agricultural cultivation, soil erosion, and industrialization. Limnetic nutrient concentrations indicate that human activities have affected water quality. Organic matter content is low in sediments because of increased non-carbonate, clastic sediment yield from watersheds. Environmental policies are needed to balance ecological contraints with economic activities that impact water quality.
56 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared 188 manufucturing firms grouped by level of customer service orientation and found a positive linkage between a customer-service-driven market orientation and superior performance in business operations.
Abstract: The operation of all business enterprises is guided by some overriding, decision-making philosophy. In today’s market a "customer orientation" philosophy has been widely adopted. This philosophy can be operationalized as the marketing concept. However, the marketing concept’s link to actual business performance has received little empirical verification. This study compares 188 manufucturing firms grouped by level of customer service orientation. The results of a mailed questionnaire show that firms reporting a high level of customer service outperform low level service firms on ten of twelve measures of operational and financial performance. These findings empirically demonstrate a positive linkage between a customer-service-driven market orientation and superior performance in business operations.
53 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that before arthropod assemblages are included in management decisions, the methods used to collect the species must be fully examined.
Abstract: In this study I compare the relative effectiveness of temporally and spatially constrained sampling strategies on the collection of spiders, and discuss how the sampling strategy used may affect estimates of spider species richness. Using 3 time-based collecting methods (ground sampling, above ground sampling, and vegetation beating) and 1 area-based method (Tullgren leaf litter extraction), 3 collectors sampled spiders from 10- by 50-m plots in a cove forest in the Ellicott Rock Wilderness Area of northern Georgia between 18 May and 4 June 1993. Eighty samples collected from four 10- by 50-m plots (0.2 ha) contained 77 species, and 77 samples from 24 such plots (1.2 ha) contained 78 species. A total of 2,842 adults spiders was collected from the 1.4 ha sampled, representing 92 species, 64 genera, and 20 families. Increasing the collecting effort per unit area (repetitive collecting) is a more efficient strategy for collecting cryptic or covert species as opposed to spreading the sampling effort over a larger area (nonrepetitive collecting). It is suggested that before arthropod assemblages are included in management decisions, the methods used to collect the species must be fully examined. Richness estimates for the site ranged from 85 to 144 species using the repetitive strategy, from 88 to 95 for the nonrepetitive strategy, and from 102 to 112 for the entire dataset.
50 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a patient's commitment to their relationship with their physician is conceptualized based on a three-component model of commitment (affective, continuance, and obligation commitment) examined in an interpersonal setting.
50 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a multiple-case study was conducted to explore relationships among antecedent factors and entry mode choices of multinational lodging firms as they plan expansion into existing and/or new international markets.
45 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the impact of music on visitors in a hospital surgery/intensive care unit waiting room and found that music reduced self-reported stress levels and visitor stress levels were inversely related to perceptions of customer service.
Abstract: This study investigated the impact of music on visitors in a hospital surgery/intensive care unit waiting room The researchers controlled the presence/absence of music in the waiting area Visitors' stress levels and perceptions of customer service were assessed through a questionnaire handed out by hospital volunteers Results indicated that music reduced self-reported stress levels and that visitor stress levels were inversely related to perceptions of customer service The implications of these findings for supervisors and other health care personnel are discussed
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, a series of surveys including Jackson's Personality Inventory for Innovation and Risk Taking, and Jackson's PRF for Need for Achievement as well as the Carland Entrepreneurship Index were completed.
Abstract: In an effort to determine the propensity for entrepreneurship of potential entrepreneurs, students enrolled in Small Business Management classes at the graduate and undergraduate level were examined. A series of surveys including Jackson's Personality Inventory for Innovation and Risk Taking, and Jackson's PRF for Need for Achievement as well as the Carland Entrepreneurship Index were completed. The results supported the empirical development of a model of potential entrepreneurship. That model was tested from theoretical, statistical and visual perspectives. Finally, the model was used to develop implications for entrepreneurship education.
TL;DR: The results indicate that the activity of plant PP2A might be regulated by a B' type regulatory subunit similar to those found in animals and yeast, and suggest possible roles for B'-containing PP 2A complexes within plant cells.
Abstract: Numerous plant processes ranging from signal transduction to metabolism appear to be mediated, in part, by type 2A protein serine/threonine phosphatases (PP2A). In an effort to identify factors that control the activity of this enzyme in plants, we have isolated and characterized DNA sequences encoding the B' regulatory subunit of PP2A from Arabidopsis thaliana. Specifically, we used PCR to amplify a segment of Arabidopsis cDNA that encodes a conserved section of the B' polypeptide. This PCR fragment was subsequently used as a probe to screen an Arabidopsis cDNA library and cDNA clones derived from three distinct genes were identified. The AtB' alpha and AtB' beta genes encode highly similar 57-kDa B' regulatory subunits while the third gene, AtB' gamma, encodes a more divergent 59-kDa B' protein. A comparison of the three Arabidopsis B' polypeptides to those of yeast and animals shows the core region of this protein to be the most conserved while the amino and carboxy termini vary both in length and sequence. Genomic Southern blots indicate that at most the Arabidopsis genome contains five genes encoding the B' regulatory subunit. The three genes identified in this study are expressed in all Arabidopsis organs, albeit at varying levels. In addition, mRNAs derived from the three genes accumulate differentially in response to heat shock. Our results indicate that the activity of plant PP2A might be regulated by a B' type regulatory subunit similar to those found in animals and yeast, and suggest possible roles for B'-containing PP2A complexes within plant cells.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine what teachers think about the 4 x 4 block schedule and examine the advantages and disadvantages of the block schedule, and conclude that if this innovation is implemented with out discussion of how to ensure rigor while using time flexibly, it may be sabotaged by those who fear the disadvantages and question the advantages.
Abstract: High school leaders need to explore both the advantages and disad vantages of the 4 x 4 schedule. If this innovation is implemented with out discussion of how to ensure rigor while using time flexibly, it may be sabotaged by those who fear the disadvantages and question the advantages. This article and its companion piece examine what stu dents and teachers think about the block schedule.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed messages sent over Animal Rights-Talk, an electronic mail network devoted to the discussion of issues related to the animal rights movement, and found that messages typically fell into the following categories: questions and information, discussions of philosophical issues, ethical problems associated with the treatment of particular species, problems of moral consistency, the ethics of particular uses of non-human species, and matters pertaining to the internal life of the network (e.g., efforts at control of perceived norm violations).
Abstract: Messages sent over Animal Rights-Talk, an electronic mail network devoted to the discussion of issues related to the animal rights movement, were analyzed. Messages typically fell into the following categories: questions and information, discussions of philosophical issues, ethical problems associated with the treatment of particular species, the politics of the animal rights movement, problems of moral consistency, the ethics of particular uses of non-human species (e.g., meat consumption, biomedical research with animal subjects), and matters pertaining to the internal life of the network (e.g., efforts at control of perceived norm violations). Debates between animal activists and animal researchers over the network often reflected the conflicting cosmologies of scientists and animal protectionists. We argue that computer bulletin boards offer a potentially important avenue for qualitative research.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, self-serving biases in use of the statistical "law of large numbers" (LLN) principle were explored, showing that adolescents were more prone to schema-based memory intrusions and adults were more susceptible to exemplar-based intrusions.
Abstract: Self-serving biases in use of the statistical "law of large numbers" (LLN) principle were explored. On goal-enhancing and goal-neutral problems, adolescents were more prone to schema-based memory intrusions and adults were more prone to exemplar-based intrusions. By contrast, both age groups used law of large numbers reasoning more frequently on goal-threatening evidence than on goal-enhancing or goal-neutral evidence, thereby displaying self-serving reasoning biases. Among the young adults, self-serving biases in reasoning strategies were predicted by informa tion-processing style. These findings are explained in terms of the different experi ences of the two ages and the role of cognitive interference and cognitive disso nance in creating self-serving biases.
TL;DR: A cross-sectional, qualitative study was undertaken with a group of elderly Mexican-American men and women in an innercity congregate meal site of a large Midwestern city to explicate the older adults’ residential preferences should they become unable to live in their own homes, and their beliefs about eldercare.
Abstract: A cross-sectional, qualitative study was undertaken with a group (n = 10) of elderly Mexican-American men and women in an inner city congregate meal site of a large Midwestern city. The purpose of the study was to explicate: the older adults' residential preferences should they become unable to live in their own homes, and their beliefs about eldercare. Themes arising from the semi-structured interviews include: nursing homes as places of last resort, the desire not to be a burden to children, intergenerational differences in lifestyle, and extended family involvement in eldercare. Implications of the findings for helping professionals are discussed as are areas needing further investigation.
TL;DR: In this article, a method for the isolation and determination of terpenes from plant tissues is reported, involving extraction with methylene chloride for 24 h and quantitative analysis by gas chromatography.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the advantages and disadvantages of employing international marketing intermediaries, as well as issues related to seller-intermediary relationships in the international salesforce.
Abstract: As world trade has expanded to over two trillion dollars in the past 20 years, the international environment with all its complexities has become the arena in which many sales managers must labor. However, the combination of diverse languages, dissimilar cultural heritages and remote geographic locations can create strong barriers to managing effective buyer‐seller relationships. Explores the uniqueness of international salesforce management. Discusses the advantages and disadvantages of employing international marketing intermediaries, as well as issues related to seller‐intermediary relationships. Follows with a section focusing on the company‐owned salesforce and more direct buyer‐seller relationships. Examines issues surrounding organizing the international salesforce and explores the unique aspects of managing the international salesforce in distant markets.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors hypothesized that acidic deposition may be involved, along with the balsam woolly adelgid (BWA), in inducing Fraser fir decline, by collecting Fraser fir foliage and soil from five sites on Clingman's Dome, NC/TN, Roan Mountain, North Carolina, and Mount Rogers, VA, and determining foliar and extractable soil aluminum, calcium, and magnesium.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) to elucidate monolayer etch pits that form on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) heated in an electrothermal analyzer.
Abstract: Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) was used to elucidate monolayer etch pits that form on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) heated in an electrothermal analyzer. Pits form at elevated temperatures due to reactions between oxygen and exposed carbon edge atoms (defects) and additionally with intraplanar carbon atoms (through abstraction). Samples of HOPG without analyte or matrix modifier were placed in the depression of a pure pyrolytic graphite platform and heated by using standard analysis furnace programs. Under argon stop-flow conditions, pits form in less than a second at atomization temperatures equal to and above 1200 C. With low argon flow rates (40 mL/min), pits formed at atomization temperatures equal to and greater than 1750 C in less than a second. Quantitative pit formation rates were used to indicate oxygen partial pressure, which may be as high as ~ 10 -3 atm at 1200 C. Reaction rates were used to predict surface degradation due to oxygen attack and determine that 1- mu m depth normal to the surface would be removed by 200 successive 5-second-period furnace firings at 1200 C. Implications for increases in surface reactivity and analyte intercalation are discussed.
TL;DR: The Generic Environmental Impact Statement (GEIS) as mentioned in this paper examined the direct impacts of forest management at three alternative levels of annual harvest, base (9 million m3), medium (11 million m), and high (16 million m 3 ).
Abstract: In late 1989, because of concerns related to a major expansion of the forest products industry, the state of Minnesota commissioned a Generic Environmental Impact Statement (GEIS) to assess the cumulative impacts of timber harvesting. Total harvest, primarily for pulpwood, was increasing from 3.5 million m3 in 1975 to an estimated 9 million m3 in 1992. The GEIS examined the direct impacts of forest management at three alternative levels of annual harvest, base (9 million m3), medium (11 million m3), and high (16 million m3). Ten major issues, ranging from economics to biodiversity and aesthetics, were considered. Using a 1990 forest inventory of over 13 000 plots, and computer models that optimized management goals and minimized costs, harvesting scenarios were generated by 10-year increments over a 50-year planning period. The results of the scenarios were evaluated in the context of the major issues of concern. The GEIS, completed in 1994, concluded that harvesting at the base level would be sustainable if recommended mitigation strategies were implemented. The projected impacts at the medium and high levels differed in degree rather than in type compared to those occurring at the base harvest level. Harvests exceeding about 12.5 million m3 were only sustainable if substantial investments were made in forest management. Through political consensus arising via the GEIS, the 1995 Minnesota Sustainable Forest Resources Act appropriated $1.74 million over 2 years to address site-level impacts, establish an information cooperative, establish a research advisory committee, develop a framework to coordinate landscape planning, encourage certification and education for forestry professionals, and provide technical assistance to private landowners. Although the GEIS did not answer all questions dealing with forest management in Minnesota, it clarified the issues, identified gaps in information, and helped bring interested parties together in setting the course for forest management in the next millennia.
TL;DR: The authors found that children at these grade levels are positive about mathematics and their abilities to do mathematics and defined mathematics in terms of numbers and/or mathematical operations, and their awareness of the real-life uses adults make of mathematics was limited.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to ascertain children's perceptions of the value and usefulness of mathematics. The subjects in the study were 79 children in kindergarten to third-grade classrooms. Children were interviewed with open-ended and structured questions about the uses of mathematics. Findings indicated that the children at these grade levels are positive about mathematics and their abilities to do mathematics. Children primarily defined mathematics in terms of numbers and/or mathematical operations. Their awareness of the real-life uses adults make of mathematics was limited. Implications of this study for practice include the need for parents and teachers to explain the use of mathematics in the context of everyday life.
TL;DR: In this article, Fraser fir, balsam fir, and red spruce foliage and soil from sites in the southern and middle Appalachians were evaluated in order to evaluate whether acidic deposition may play a role in the decline of the conifers.
TL;DR: By VAHID MAJIDI,* JAMES A. HOLCOMBE, KURT G. VANDERVOORT, DAVID J. BUTCHER, and J. A. B. R. as discussed by the authors
Abstract: BY VAHID MAJIDI,* JAMES A. HOLCOMBE, KURT G. VANDERVOORT, DAVID J. BUTCHER, AND J. DAVID ROBERTSON CHEMICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DIVISION (CST-9), LOS ALAMOS NATIONAL LABORATORY, LOS ALAMOS, NEW MEXICO 87545 (V. M.); DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS, AUSTIN, TEXAS 78712 (J. A. H.); DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS, WESTERN CAROLINA UNIVERSITY, CULLOWHEE, NORTH CAROLINA 28723 (K. G. V., D. J. B.); AND DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY, LEXINGTON, KENTUCKY 40506 (J. D. R.)
01 Mar 1997
TL;DR: A sequence of material to cover early in the operating systems course that prevents this tendency by clarifying the goal of the course and by providing a framework for understanding how the later course material is used in kernel design.
Abstract: The introductory operating systems course has a tendency to appear to the student as a disparate collection of topics such as synchronization primitives, process scheduling algorithms, and page replacement policies. We describe a sequence of material to cover early in the operating systems course that prevents this tendency by clarifying the goal of the course and by providing a framework for understanding how the later course material is used in kernel design. The material centers around two concepts. First is the importance of the abstraction provided by the system call interface, that the kernel is the implementation of that interface, and the analogy with the instruction set interface the student has already encountered. Second is how the interrupt vector mechanism in a broad sense is central to how the kernel functions and underpins the actual implementation of many of the other topics in the course. Illustration through code from a real operating system kernel is a key feature of how this sequence makes clear the workings of an operating system.
TL;DR: A chemosystematic study to evaluate whether differences in monoterpene composition of Fraser fir oleoresin were observed as a function of the season sampled, the presence or absence of BWA infestation, the health of a tree, and the susceptibility of trees to BWA, based on geographic location.
09 Mar 1997
TL;DR: This paper modifications the load balancing algorithm based on graph coloring for link-oriented structures by introducing an important factor known as the damping factor, D, which is used to strike a balance between the runtime of the algorithm and the average response time.
Abstract: Load balancing is the process of enhancing the performance of a distributed system through a redistribution of loads among the processors. In our earlier work a load balancing algorithm based on graph coloring for link-oriented structures was proposed and studied in detail. In this paper we modify the algorithm by introducing an important factor known as the damping factor, D. This factor is used to strike a balance between the runtime of the algorithm and the average response time. We observe that considerable improvement in system performance is possible with the application of the load balancing algorithm. The primary performance metric used is the average response time of the system. We express the analytical results in terms of upper and lower bounds on the average response time.
TL;DR: In this article, a wilderness camp program for children with social and behavioral problems is described and a detailed approach for applying the program ideas in a public school setting is described. But the program is not designed for outdoor activities.
Abstract: This article discusses a wilderness camp program for children with social and behavioral problems and provides a detailed approach for applying the program ideas in a public school setting.
TL;DR: Results suggest that examining only main effects and ignoring interactions can produce overgeneralized conclusions about the influence of individual risk factors on low birth weight.
Abstract: The effects of traditional risk factors on low birth weight were examined, using logistic regression analyses and adjusting for interactions between multiple factors. Data for 11,936 births were obtained from a state birth cohort file. The effect for maternal ethnicity was dependent on education and marital status; the effect of marital status was dependent on ethnicity, medical risk, and level of prenatal care; and the effect of prenatal care was dependent on marital status. Results suggest that examining only main effects and ignoring interactions can produce overgeneralized conclusions about the influence of individual risk factors on low birth weight.