Showing papers in "Academy of Management Journal in 1986"
TL;DR: This paper investigated the relationship between the socialization tactics employed by organizations and a series of role and personal outcomes, and examined the effects of self-efficacy on role orientation and found that selfefficacy moderates this learning process.
Abstract: This study investigated the relationship between the socialization tactics employed by organizations and a series of role and personal outcomes. It also examined the effects of self-efficacy on role orientation. Consistent with predictions, results suggest that different patterns of socialization lead to different forms of newcomer adjustment to organizations. Specifically, institutionalized tactics lead to custodial role orientations, and individualized tactics to innovative role orientations. The results also suggest that self-efficacy moderates this learning process-specifically that socialization tactics produce a stronger custodial role orientation when newcomers possess low levels of self-efficacy.
1,485Â citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the relationship between organizational performance and risk taking in organizational decision making and proposed a complex model in which the direct relationship, which is triggered by performance below acceptable levels, is negative, but the indirect relationships, which are mediated by organizational slack and decentralization, are positive.
Abstract: This research paper investigates the relationship between organizational performance and risk taking in organizational decision making. A complex model is proposed in which the direct relationship, which is triggered by performance below acceptable levels, is negative, but the indirect relationships, which are mediated by organizational slack and decentralization, are positive. A test of the model for a cross-sectional sample of firms shows general support for the model. The findings have implications for theories that view change as arising from stable organizational processes.
1,406Â citations
TL;DR: In this article, a meta-analytic literature review testing cognitive, affective, and contingency models of the effects of participation in decision making on employees' satisfaction and productiv...
Abstract: This paper reports a meta-analytic literature review testing cognitive, affective, and contingency models of the effects of participation in decision making on employees' satisfaction and productiv...
955Â citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined a theory of feedback-seeking in organizations and found that individuals are hypothesized to seek feedback on important issues and in new and uncertain situations, and the results support these hypotheses.
Abstract: This research examines a theory of feedback-seeking in organizations. Individuals are hypothesized to seek feedback on important issues and in new and uncertain situations. Results support these hy...
896Â citations
TL;DR: The authors compared the effectiveness of the dialectical inquiry, devil's advocacy, and consensus approaches to strategic decision making by groups and found that both dialectical and devil's advocates were effective.
Abstract: This laboratory study compared the effectiveness of the dialectical inquiry, devil's advocacy, and consensus approaches to strategic decision making by groups. Results showed that both dialectical ...
733Â citations
TL;DR: In this article, the relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment is examined, and the authors discuss the definitions of each of the three types of commitment measures and their relationship with job satisfaction.
Abstract: In this article the authors discuss research they have conducted that examines the relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment. They briefly discuss the definitions of each ...
535Â citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identified implementation tactics used by managers in making planned changes by profiling 91 case studies and found four types of tactics, variations within these tactics, and h...
Abstract: This study identified implementation tactics used by managers in making planned changes by profiling 91 case studies. Analysis revealed four types of tactics, variations within these tactics, and h...
422Â citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a quasi-experimental design was used to study the long-term effects of implementation of autonomous workgroups in a manufacturing environment and the results indicated a substantial and lasting effect on employees' intrinsic job satisfaction, a more temporary effect on extrinsic job satisfaction and no consequences for work motivation or performance.
Abstract: A quasi-experimental design was used to study the long-term effects of implementation of autonomous workgroups in a manufacturing environment. Results indicated a substantial and lasting effect on employees' intrinsic job satisfaction, a more temporary effect on extrinsic job satisfaction, and no consequences for work motivation or performance. At an organizational level, however, improvements in productivity were made possible through elimination of supervisory positions; and contrary to prediction, labor turnover increased.
405Â citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the results from 32 project groups in a large R&D organization showed that group cohesiveness, physical distance, job satisfaction, and innovative orientation were associated with performance of a project.
Abstract: Results from 32 project groups in a large R&D organization showed that group cohesiveness, physical distance, job satisfaction, and innovative orientation were associated with performance of projec...
400Â citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used moderated regression analysis and subgroup analysis to investigate the effect of market structures on the relationship between strategy variables and performance, and found that market structures, as measured by characteristics of market structure, moderate the strength but not the form of relationships between strategies and performance.
Abstract: Environments have been viewed as key contingency variables for relationships between strategy and performance. Yet, the nature of this contingency relationship has not been resolved; do environments moderate its form or its strength? Using moderated regression analysis and subgroup analysis, this study demonstrated that environments, as measured by characteristics of market structures, moderate the strength but not the form of relationships between strategy variables and performance.
383Â citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a theory about the functions that parting ceremonies serve for members displaced by organizational deaths is presented. The theory is grounded in data from 11 parties, picnics, and dinners.
Abstract: This paper advances a theory about the functions that parting ceremonies serve for members displaced by organizational deaths. The theory is grounded in data from 11 parties, picnics, and dinners t...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine when resource sharing is desirable and what its administrative implications are for strategic business units (SBUs) in the context of resource sharing among SBUs.
Abstract: Despite widespread resource sharing among strategic business units (SBUs), questions such as when resource sharing is desirable and what its administrative implications are have rarely been examine...
TL;DR: This study develops seven key dimensions of planning systems, five reflecting their design aspects and two tapping the organizational context of planning.
Abstract: Drawing on the relevant literature, this study develops seven key dimensions of planning systems, five reflecting their design aspects and two tapping the organizational context of planning. Discri...
TL;DR: In this paper, an analysis of data for 22 teams in the National Basketball Association (NBA) indicated that succession has no effect on subsequent team performance when prior performance is controlled, a result con
Abstract: Analysis of data for 22 teams in the National Basketball Association (NBA) indicated that succession has no effect on subsequent team performance when prior performance is controlled, a result cons...
TL;DR: This article investigated the effectiveness of three post-training strategies for facilitating transfer of training: assigned goal setting, participative goal setting and a behavioral self-supervision strategy, and found that they are effective in improving transfer performance.
Abstract: This study investigated the effectiveness of three posttraining strategies for facilitating transfer of training: (1) assigned goal setting, (2) participative goal setting, and (3) a behavioral sel...
TL;DR: In 22 municipal bus companies, the extent of union members' dual commitment to their unions and to their employing organizations was investigated in this article, with interorganizational differences in labor-management cl...
Abstract: In 22 municipal bus companies, the extent of union members' dual commitment-to their unions and to their employing organizations-covaried with interorganizational differences in labor-management cl...
TL;DR: A study was conducted that examined the effectiveness of using electronic mail for carrying out research and found that some of the benefits of using e-mail for research were underestimated.
Abstract: In this article the author discusses a study he conducted that examined the effectiveness of using electronic mail for carrying out research. He notes that some of the benefits of using electronic ...
TL;DR: While thinking aloud, 12 general managers from six corporations solved a short business case as mentioned in this paper, and three college undergraduates performed the identical task. Content analyses of the verbal protocols sug...
Abstract: While thinking aloud, 12 general managers from six corporations solved a short business case. Three college undergraduates performed the identical task. Content analyses of the verbal protocols sug...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss research they conducted on corporate boardrooms and examine how effective boards of directors that were comprised of outsiders were, examining how effective they were in terms of effectiveness.
Abstract: In this article the authors discuss research they conducted on corporate boardrooms. They were interested in examining how effective boards of directors that were comprised of outsiders were. They ...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the relationship between the extent to which employees have opportunities to voice dissatisfaction and voluntary turnover in 111 short-term, general care hospitals and found that, whether or not a union is present, high numbers of mechanisms for employee voice are associated with high retention rates.
Abstract: This study investigates the relationship between the extent to which employees have opportunities to voice dissatisfaction and voluntary turnover in 111 short-term, general care hospitals. Results show that, whether or not a union is present, high numbers of mechanisms for employee voice are associated with high retention rates. Implications for theory and research as well as management practice are discussed.
TL;DR: In this article, the determinants of perceived ease of movement within an organization among two groups of clerical employees were investigated, and the relationship between perceived ease-of-movement and job satisfaction was investigated.
Abstract: This study investigated the determinants of perceived ease of movement within an organization among two groups of clerical employees. It also investigated the relationship between perceived ease of...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the relationship between interpersonal affect and rating errors in employee rating measures, and found that interpersonal affect was correlated with rating errors on employee rating scales, and that the relationship was not causal.
Abstract: In this article the authors discuss research they conducted that examined the relationship between interpersonal affect and rating errors in employee rating measures. The authors discuss pervious r...
TL;DR: The authors compared the relative strengths of the effects of method versus substance on relationships between job characteristics and attitudinal outcomes, and found that common method effects inflated relationship between job attributes and affective outcomes, thereby supporting the social information processing model.
Abstract: This study compared the relative strengths of the effects of method versus substance on relationships between job characteristics and attitudinal outcomes. Reports from both job incumbents and nonincumbents on job characteristics and job attitudes were compared for 509 employees of four organizations. Substantive relationships were observed between job characteristics and effort, supporting the job characteristics model. Common method effects, however, inflated relationships between job characteristics and affective outcomes, thereby supporting the social information processing model. Implications are discussed for other areas of organizational research that rely on single data sources.
TL;DR: The authors examined predictors and consequences of delegation in 19 branch offices of a large insurance company and found that delegation can have a negative effect on the performance of claims adjusters and supervisors.
Abstract: This research examined predictors and consequences of delegation. Participants were 44 supervisors and 198 claims adjusters employed in 19 branch offices of a large insurance company. Delegation wa...
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of layoffs on survivors were explored and subjects' work performance was assessed as a function of whether a co-worker had been laid off and the circumstances of that layoff.
Abstract: This study explored the effects of layoffs on survivors. We assessed subjects' work performance as a function of whether a co-worker had been laid off and the circumstances of that layoff. Consiste...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors replicate a study that was conducted to examine the effects that organizational formalization had on the feelings of alienation of professional employees, and find that formalization has a profound effect on the feeling of alienation.
Abstract: In this article the authors replicate a study that was conducted to examine the effects that organizational formalization had on the feelings of alienation of professional employees. The authors of...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the relationship between solution diversity and the quality of group decision making and found that if a positive link can be identified between the two then further research can be conducted to examine what managerial methods best stimulate diversity in solutions.
Abstract: In this article the authors discuss research they conducted that examined the relationship between solution diversity and the quality of group decision making. They note that if a positive link can be identified between the two then further research can be conducted to examine what managerial methods best stimulate diversity in solutions. The authors also wanted to examine if solution diversity was at all linked to group composition, a subject area that has been more extensively studied than their main focus. Some of their suggestions for increasing solution diversity include incorporating a devil's advocate, inviting outsiders into groups and holding second chance meetings.
TL;DR: In this paper, surveys of first-line supervisors in a single, broadly representative industry to compare practices and attitudes concerning quality in the United States and Japan were conducted, and they focused on...
Abstract: This study drew on surveys of first-line supervisors in a single, broadly representative industry to compare practices and attitudes concerning quality in the United States and Japan. It focused on...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the relationship between the situational factors an employee faces and the referents they use when comparing their work to other employees' work, and found that the relationship was not as strong as the relationship reported in this paper.
Abstract: In this article the authors discuss research they conducted that examined the relationship between the situational factors an employee faces and the referents they use when comparing their work to ...
TL;DR: A field experiment conducted with 53 hard-rock miners in an underground metal mine examined the effects of two interventions, team building and goal setting, on miners' productivity and strategy.
Abstract: A field experiment conducted with 53 hard-rock miners in an underground metal mine examined the effects of two interventions, team building and goal setting, on miners' productivity and strategy de...