Showing papers in "Academy of Management Journal in 1987"
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors suggest that organizational structures and strategy-making processes are highly interdependent and must be complementary in many ways to ensure good performance under challenging condit-a...
Abstract: This study suggests that organizational structures and strategy-making processes are highly interdependent and must be complementary in many ways to ensure good performance under challenging condit...
730Â citations
TL;DR: The authors used interview, archival and observational data from four computer firms to develop a theory about how Chapter 11 of the Federal Bankruptcy Code spoils the image of top managers and firms.
Abstract: Interview, archival, and observational data from four computer firms were used to develop a theory about how Chapter 11 of the Federal Bankruptcy Code spoils the image of top managers and firms. We...
714Â citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a group of 445 employees of a financial institution responded to a mailed survey and tested propositions derived from Steers and Mow day's (1981) model, through access to their personnel re...
Abstract: This study tested propositions derived from Steers and Mow day's (1981) model. A group of 445 employees of a financial institution responded to a mailed survey. Through access to their personnel re...
621Â citations
TL;DR: This article found that executives in externally controlled firms receive more compensation for performance and less for scale of operation than executives in internally controlled firms. But, they did not consider the performance of the companies.
Abstract: Using a sample of 71 very large manufacturers, this study demonstrated that executives in externally controlled firms receive more compensation for performance and less for scale of operation than ...
509Â citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of leadership attributions on evaluations of organizatio-a-the-life quality of organizations were investigated. And they found that leadership has assumed a heroic, larger-thanlife quality.
Abstract: Suggesting that as an explanatory concept, leadership has assumed a heroic, larger-than-life quality, this research investigated the effects of leadership attributions on evaluations of organizatio...
432Â citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the effects of strategic business units' strategies on the utility of various states of corporate-SBU relations and found that openness and subjectivity in performance assessment were positively associated with effectiveness.
Abstract: In a departure from earlier studies focusing only on the effects of corporate strategies, this study examined the effects of strategic business units' (SBUs') strategies on the utility of various states of corporate-SBU relations. For SBUs trying to build market share or to pursue differentiation as a competitive strategy, openness in corporate-SBU relations and subjectivity in performance assessment were found to be positively associated with effectiveness; for SBUs trying lo maximize short-term earnings or to pursue low cost as a competitive strategy, the corresponding associations were found to be negative. In contrast, corporate-SBU decentralization emerged as positively associated with SBUs' effectiveness irrespective of their strategic contexts; although SBUs' competitive strategies moderated the magnitude of that association, their strategic missions did not.
351Â citations
TL;DR: A meta-analysis designed to estimate the direction and magnitude of the correlation between turnover and employee performance was conducted by as mentioned in this paper, where the sample size-weighted mean correlation across 24 stud...
Abstract: A meta-analysis designed to estimate the direction and magnitude of the correlation between turnover and employee performance was conducted. The sample size-weighted mean correlation across 24 stud...
320Â citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the dysfunctional attributes of organizations experiencing periods of decline, including centralization of decision making, a lack of long-term planning and a pronounced decrease in the adoption of innovations.
Abstract: The article discusses the dysfunctional attributes of organizations experiencing periods of decline. Organizations involved in the study were gauged using a number of dysfunctional attributes in organizations identified by scholars, including the centralization of decision making, a lack of long-term planning and a pronounced decrease in the adoption of innovations. According to the author, the aforementioned attributes are characteristic of both stable and declining organizations. Only organizations experiencing growth in revenues seem to avoid these problems.
313Â citations
TL;DR: Although much attention has been devoted to the issue of managerial training and development, little research has specifically focused on preparing managers for intercultural work as mentioned in this paper, and the present studi...
Abstract: Although much attention has been devoted to the issue of managerial training and development, little research has specifically focused on preparing managers for intercultural work. The present stud...
311Â citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a meta-analysis of the effects of four situational moderators on relationships between participation and five outcomes was performed, based on 118 correlation coefficients, which indicated that, wi
Abstract: This study is a meta-analysis of the effects of four situational moderators on relationships between participation and five outcomes Results based on 118 correlation coefficients indicate that, wi
283Â citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine the linkage between diversity and performance using a two-dimensional conceptualization of diversity in business enterprises and propose methods for measuring diversification in enterprises using a variety of metrics.
Abstract: The article discusses a study which examines the linkage between diversity and performance using a two-dimensional conceptualization of diversity in business enterprises. Methods for measuring dive...
TL;DR: Most of the discussion and research on training has taken an organizational perspective as discussed by the authors, which assesses groups' needs for training, selecting appropriate training procedures, and determining how trainin...
Abstract: Most of the discussion and research on training has taken an organizational perspective. Assessing groups' needs for training, selecting appropriate training procedures, and determining how trainin...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the relationship between multidivisional (M-form) structure and performance, and found that the M-form structure can be used to improve performance.
Abstract: This study examined the relationship between multidivisional (M-form) structure and performance. Theoretical work by Hill and Hoskisson suggested that the relationship between implementation of suc...
TL;DR: According to the corporate governance process and agency theory, boards of directors should reward executives on the basis of financial returns to shareholders as mentioned in this paper, and this issue has been incoherently studied.
Abstract: According to the corporate governance process and agency theory, boards of directors should reward executives on the basis of financial returns to shareholders. Studies of this issue have been inco...
TL;DR: This paper tested hypotheses concerning the differences in boundary-spanning strategies between freestanding organizations and organizations that are members of a monolithic organizational structure using an institutional framework, and found that the differences between the two groups varied significantly.
Abstract: Using an institutional framework, this study tested hypotheses concerning the differences in boundary-spanning strategies between freestanding organizations and organizations that are members of mu...
TL;DR: The effects of a change in an office environment from a traditional to an open-plan design were examined for government employees occupying three types of organizational positions as mentioned in this paper, and the effects of such a change on performance were found to be different for different types of positions.
Abstract: The effects of a change in an office environment from a traditional to an open-plan design were examined for government employees occupying three types of organizational positions. Differential eff...
TL;DR: The authors examined the role of risk in explaining cross-sectional differences in the profitability of business units and found that each component of risk has a substantial, significant, and different impact on return on investment.
Abstract: This study examined the role of risk in explaining cross-sectional differences in the profitability of business units. Applying suggestions of financial theory, we disaggregated risk into two components-systematic and unsystematic-that are thought to have different effects on return. Drawing on the PIMS data base, we found each component of risk to have a substantial, significant, and different impact on return on investment (ROI). The research and strategy implications of the roles of risk are discussed. The two key factors in any investment decision are return and risk. Under the assumption that investors are risk-averse and seek to minimize the risk for any level of expected return, intuition suggests that additional return must compensate investors for assuming additional risk. Scholars in finance and other disciplines have devoted a great deal of work to refining and formalizing this intuition. This same logic applies in the context of strategy, as Wensley (1981), Bettis and Mahajan (1985), and others have observed. A strategic investment decision should explicitly consider risk-decision makers should demand a higher return for an investment involving high risk. Yet, in typical practice, strategic investment decisions are adjusted for risk ad hoc, if at all. Firms typically set relatively high hurdle rates in making go/no go investment decisions and apply these rates to all investments, regardless of their riskiness (Hayes & Gavin, 1982). Further, historical evaluation of existing strategies, whether it concerns evaluating present management or attempting to place values on businesses to be divested or acquired, focuses almost exclusively on return and rarely attempts to quantify risk. These failures to account for risk adequately will unquestionably lead to inappropriate decisions. All else being equal, if firms judge business performance only in terms of return, regardless of risk, they will place more resources than warranted in risky strategies, forgo profitable opportunities, and apply misguided performance evaluations. Further, if researchers do not control for risk in studies assessing the effects of strategic factors on We would like to thank the Strategic Planning Institute for providing access to the data used in this study.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors tested the relationship between the relatedness of merging firms and risk by classifying 297 large mergers into four relatedness categories: risk, diversification, relatedness and risk.
Abstract: The literature on corporate diversification suggests a relationship between the relatedness of merging firms and risk. We tested that notion by classifying 297 large mergers into four relatedness c...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors suggested that subjective factors, such as levels of satisfaction, are important to both the employee and the employer in becoming proficient at a new job following a transfer.
Abstract: The time required by an individual to become proficient at a new job following a transfer is important to both employee and employer. This study suggested that subjective factors, such as levels of...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored goal-setting among corporate executives in China and found that the effects of cultural factors on Chinese work ethics and attitudes were discussed. But they focused on the goal-setters.
Abstract: The article focuses on a study which explored goal-setting among corporate executives in China. Information is presented about the effects of cultural factors on Chinese work ethics and attitudes. ...
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of environmental uncertainty and resource scarcity in interaction with organizational structure on the categories of organics and organics were investigated, and the authors provided information on a study which investigated the effects on organics.
Abstract: The article provides information on a study which investigated the effects of environmental uncertainty and resource scarcity in interaction with organizational structure on the categories of organ...
TL;DR: In this paper, a study which explored diversification, financial performance and other issues involved in corporate strategy is presented, and a discussion is presented about corporate management and proceses.
Abstract: The article focuses on a study which explored diversification, financial performance and other issues involved in corporate strategy. A discussion is presented about corporate management and proces...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors question traditional assumptions linking organizational career assistance programs with increased employee satisfaction with and commitment to organizations, and propose a model of individual caree cation for individual care e ciency.
Abstract: This study questions traditional assumptions linking organizational career assistance programs with increased employee satisfaction with and commitment to organizations. A model of individual caree...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that intraindustry stratification is a function of both structural parameters and top managers' responses to perceptions of their environments, and that the notion of strategic groups can meaningfully extend to corporate and collective levels of strategy.
Abstract: This paper argues (1) that intraindustry stratification is a function of both structural parameters and top managers' responses to perceptions of their environments, and (2) that the notion of strategic groups can meaningfully extend to corporate and collective levels of strategy. We explored relevant research questions using survey data from 114 of the largest firms in the financial services industry. The results suggest that variables measuring managerial perceptions are useful predictors of intraindustry stratification and that the strength of the predictor variables differs across levels of strategies. Supragroupings of firms with similar configurations of strategies across levels also emerged.
TL;DR: In this article, an application of equity theory to an examination of the effects of implementing a two-tier wage structure was presented, using data from 1,935 employees in retail stores.
Abstract: This study is an application of equity theory to an examination of the effects of implementing a two-tier wage structure. Using data from 1,935 employees in retail stores, we assessed commitment to...
TL;DR: In this article, transaction cost theory is applied to examine how the characteristics of transactions between organizations and their clients affect internal organizational governance structures, and the authors apply it to the analysis of organizational governance.
Abstract: Transaction cost theory was applied to an examination of how the characteristics of transactions between organizations and their clients affect internal organizational governance structures. The st...
TL;DR: Using the basis of face-to-face interactions with coworkers and superiors, the authors considered the effects of the content, direction and source of organizational communication on perception of work performance.
Abstract: Using the basis of employee's face-to-face interactions with coworkers and superiors, the article considers the effects of the content, direction and source of organizational communication on perce...
TL;DR: Data on the salaries for high level administrative positions in 608 colleges and universities was used to examine the relative salaries for six positions, and controlling for other factors, the salaries found were higher than expected.
Abstract: Data on the salaries for high level administrative positions in 608 colleges and universities were used to examine the relative salaries for six positions. Controlling for other factors, we found t...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined a research instrument for measuring manifest conflict in multinational joint ventures, and presented an overview of attempts to test the instrument's ability to detect manifest conflict.
Abstract: The article provides information on a study which examined a research instrument for measuring manifest conflict in multinational joint ventures. The author presents an overview of attempts to test...