Showing papers in "Accident Analysis & Prevention in 2005"

TL;DR: In this article, it is shown that the fundamental crash process follows a Bernoulli trial with unequal probability of independent events, also known as Poisson trials, and that the Poisson and other mixed probabilistic structures are approximations assumed for modeling the motor vehicle crash process.

TL;DR: It now appears that feelings of risk may inform driver decision making, as Taylor originally suggested, but not in terms of risk of collision, but rather in termsOf task difficulty, which clearly distinguishes task difficulty from estimates of statistical risk.

TL;DR: Investigation of the potential contribution of sensation seeking, impulsiveness, and boredom proneness to driving anger in the prediction of aggressive and risky driving supported the use of multiple predictors in understanding unsafe driving behavior.

TL;DR: It was found that pedestrian and driver demographic factors, and road geometric, traffic and environment conditions are closely related to the frequency and injury severity of pedestrian crashes.

TL;DR: The presence of male teenage passengers was associated with risky driving behavior among teenage drivers.

TL;DR: The over-representation of older pedestrians in serious injury and fatal crashes compared to younger adults may be due, in part, to age-related diminished ability to select gaps in oncoming traffic for safe road-crossing.

TL;DR: Major inter-individual differences were observed under sleep restriction and road safety campaigns should encourage drivers to avoid driving after sleep restriction, even on relatively short trips especially if they feel sleepy.

TL;DR: It is speculated that the significant differences between rural and urban injury severities may be at least partially attributable to the different perceptual, cognitive and response demands placed on drivers in rural versus urban areas.

TL;DR: Distractions were frequently associated with decreased driving performance, as measured by higher levels of no hands on the steering wheel, eyes directed inside rather than outside the vehicle, and lane wanderings or encroachments.

TL;DR: An investigation into the effect of weather variables on traffic flow at a site in Melbourne, Australia, for the period 1989-1996 found rainfall was the strongest correlated weather parameter and it had the greatest impact in winter and spring, when traffic volume is reduced on wet days.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated three hot spot identification methods observed in practice: simple ranking, confidence interval, and empirical Bayes, using experimentally derived simulated data, which are argued to be superior to empirical data.

TL;DR: The objective of the study was to explore some of the issues raised in recent roadway safety studies regarding ranking methodologies in light of the recent statistical development in space-time GLMM.

TL;DR: The deleterious effects of conversing on the phone are very real initially, but may not be as severe with continued practice at the dual task, especially for drivers who are not old.

TL;DR: Results show that predictive models that use traffic volume as the only explanatory variable may not adequately characterize the accident process on freeway segments, and separate predictive models for single- and multi-vehicle crashes should be developed rather than one common model for all crash types.

TL;DR: This study utilized the 2001 Florida traffic accident data to investigate the accident propensity for different vehicle roles (striking or struck) that are involved in the accidents and identify the significant risk factors related to the traffic environment, the driver characteristics, and the vehicle types.

TL;DR: The UK External Vehicle Speed Control (EVSC) project has made a prediction of the accident savings with intelligent speed adaptation (ISA), and estimated the costs and benefits of national implementation.

TL;DR: The effectiveness of restricting access to certain means of committing suicide has been demonstrated, at least as regards toxic domestic gas, firearms, drugs and bridges, and it appears that, should such a shift occur towards other means, it would be put into effect only in part and over a longer term.

TL;DR: Performance on a peripheral detection task (PDT) while driving was impaired by dialling and conversation for both phone modes, interpreted as an increase in mental workload, and mental workload was still markedly increased by phone use.

TL;DR: The probit model results showed that a combination of crash-specific information and intersection characteristics result in the highest prediction rate of injury level, and having a divided minor roadway or a higher speed limit on the minor roadway decreased the level of injury.

TL;DR: It is shown that specific groups of young drivers can even be considered as above average in driving skills, but simultaneously have a higher accident involvement due to their voluntary decisions to take risks.

TL;DR: Older drivers assign high ratings to their driving performance, even in the presence of suspected skill decline, and Cognitive ability was not related to self-rated driving evaluation performance.

TL;DR: Potential risks of mobile phones are being controlled at many levels, by strategic as well as tactical decisions and, consequently, phone-related accidents have not increased in line with the use of the mobile phones.

TL;DR: This paper evaluated the effectiveness of the anti-drink driving and anti-speeding enforcement and publicity campaigns implemented in the Australian State of Victoria which have thus far yielded mixed results in several evaluations.

TL;DR: A promising inverse time-to-collision model was developed, which assumes that the driver deceleration response in response to a crash alert is based on an inverse time tocollision threshold that decreases linearly with driver speed.

TL;DR: The relationship between risky driving habits, prior traffic convictions and motor vehicle injury using cross-sectional data amongst 21,893 individuals in New Zealand, including 8029 who were aged 16-24 years is examined.

TL;DR: There were similar decreases in speeding at both the enforced roads and at the nearby comparison roads that were not subjected to the targeted speed enforcement project, which may be explained by spillover effects.

TL;DR: The results show that sample selection does not seriously bias the estimate of helmet effectiveness and helmets reduce the probability of death in a crash by 40%, which is higher than what was previously found.

TL;DR: Findings extend the knowledge of DUIC as a socio-legal and public health issue with implications on road safety and effort must be placed on educating new drivers about cannabis use in the context of driving.

TL;DR: A retrospective population-based case-control study was conducted to determine whether driver sleepiness/fatigue, distraction/inattention, age of 51 years of age and older, and nonuse of safety belts increase the odds that a CVC will be fatal.

TL;DR: Alcohol proved to be the most outstanding cause factor, with 393 drinking riders in crashes, and drinking riders were far more likely to be inattentive to the driving task just before they crashed, and to beThe primary or sole cause of the accident.