Showing papers in "Accident Analysis & Prevention in 2009"

TL;DR: The empirical results show that random-parameters count models have the potential to provide a fuller understanding of the factors determining accident frequencies.

TL;DR: A methodology using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and Kernel Density Estimation to study the spatial patterns of injury related road accidents in London, UK and a clustering methodology using environmental data and results from the first section in order to create a classification of road accident hotspots are presented.

TL;DR: Modifiable protective or risk factors comprise inexperience and driver training, conspicuity and daytime headlight laws, motorcycle licensure and ownership, riding speed, and risk-taking behaviors, which are discussed.

TL;DR: Based on the largest in-depth, pedestrian accident study undertaken to date, an improved risk function is derived for adult pedestrians hit by the front of passenger cars, showing far lower fatality risks than generally reported in the traffic safety literature.

TL;DR: It is found that for very large transfers of trips from motor vehicles to walk or cycling, a reduction of the total number of accidents is indeed possible and shows that the high injury rate for pedestrians and cyclists in the current transport system does not necessarily imply that encouraging walking or cycling rather than driving will lead to more accidents.

TL;DR: The development of a multivariate, area-level regression model of vehicle-pedestrian injury collisions based on environmental and population data in 176 San Francisco, California census tracts is described.

TL;DR: An analytical Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS), based on a Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP), is generated in order to identify the role of human errors in shipping accidents.

TL;DR: Driving leads to a greater mental workload for the older drivers than for the younger drivers and this effect was exacerbated by the more complex driving context (overtaking maneuvers).

TL;DR: A new multivariate hazardous location identification technique is introduced, which generalizes the univariate posterior probability of excess that has been commonly proposed and applied in the literature, and an alternative approach for quantifying the effect of the multivariate structure on the precision of expected collision frequency is presented.

TL;DR: The safety effect of road lighting on accidents in darkness on Dutch roads, using data from an interactive database containing 763,000 injury accidents and 3.3 million property damage accidents covering the period 1987-2006, is estimated.

TL;DR: A dataset composed of urban arterials in Vancouver, British Columbia, is considered where the 392 segments were clustered into 58 corridors and a Poisson-lognormal (PLN) model with random parameters for each corridor provided the best fit.

TL;DR: The results suggest that traffic congestion has little or no impact on the frequency of road accidents on the M25 motorway, consistent with existing studies.

TL;DR: Findings indicate a lack of self-assessment abilities after approximately 3h of continuous monotonous daytime driving, which was contrary to the continued decrease in vigilance as indicated by all performance and physiological measures.

TL;DR: An approach aimed to the quantitative assessment of the risk caused by escalation scenarios triggered by fire was developed and the failure probability of each vessel was correlated to the probability of scenarios involving multiple vessel failure as a consequence of the primary fire, thus allowing a comprehensive assessment of domino scenarios trigger by fire.

TL;DR: Investigation of the effects of age, gender and conformity tendency on Chinese pedestrians' intention to cross the road in potentially dangerous situations finds that people who showed greater tendencies towards social conformity had stronger road crossing intentions than low conformity people for both scenarios.

TL;DR: The model suggests that even though people believe that talking on a cellular phone while driving is dangerous, they will tend to initiate a cellular conversation if they believe that the call is important.

TL;DR: The research systematically compared the driving performance and conversational patterns of drivers speaking with in-car passengers, hands-free cell phones, and remote passengers who could see the driver's current driving situation (via a window into a driving simulator) to support the argument that conversation modulation is a key ingredient in avoiding adverse effects of conversations with drivers.

TL;DR: Several potentially modifiable factors identified would lead to an increase in workers' PPE use and encourage supervisors to provide ongoing positive feedback on the continuous use of PPE by workers at risk for an eye injury.

TL;DR: In this article, an alternative formulation that could be used for capturing heterogeneity in crash count models through the use of finite mixture regression models was proposed. But, the model is not suitable for highway safety studies, since the sources of dispersion can be varied and unknown to the transportation analysts.

TL;DR: The findings of this study will help to develop more targeted countermeasures to improve motorcycle safety and more cost-effective safety awareness program in motorcyclist training.

TL;DR: In this article, two-state Markov switching negative binomial models are proposed to study accident frequencies. But they assume that there are two unobserved states of roadway safety, and that roadway entities (roadway segments) can switch between these states over time.

TL;DR: It is recommended that future research investigates further the explored trends (e.g., physically impaired drivers, visibility obstruction) using driving simulators which may help in legislative initiatives and in-vehicle technology recommendations.

TL;DR: In this paper, two-state Markov switching multinomial logit models are proposed for statistical modeling of accident-injury severities, which assume Markov switch over time between two unobserved states of roadway safety as a means of accounting for potential unobserved heterogeneity.

TL;DR: This study examined how perceived and actual crash risk are related with each other and with respect to built environmental characteristics to show that residents who live in low density-single residential neighborhoods are more likely to perceive their neighborhood as dangerous relative to residents of compact, mixed-use neighborhoods.

TL;DR: The results show attitudes toward traffic safety are directly associated with risky driving behaviors while having direct effects on attitudes toward drivers' attitudes, and personality traits are also found to influence riskydriving behaviors indirectly mediated by traffic safety attitudes.

TL;DR: Compared to older drivers, younger drivers demonstrated lower risk-aversion, and higher propensity for taking accident risks, as well as stronger motives for risky driving in relation to experience-seeking, excitement, sensation- seeking, social influence, prestige-seekers, confidence/familiarity, underestimation ofrisk, irrelevance of risk, "letting off steam", and "getting there quicker".

TL;DR: Methodological suggestions and a macroergonomic framework are offered for improving future studies of the epidemiology of safety violations and whether violations can improve system performance or safety.

TL;DR: Crossing against the lights and crossing close to the lights both exhibited a crash risk per crossing event approximately eight times that of legal crossing at signalised intersections, which would assist in setting a rationale for enforcement and priorities for public education.

TL;DR: A computational model based on data envelopment analysis (DEA) is proposed, which identifies the good and bad aspects of road safety for each country and recommends country-specific policy actions.

TL;DR: Insight is provided into the role of the human factor in rural fatal crashes and policy suggestions for developing safety interventions that are designed with respect to the psychosocial factors that define the rural culture are provided.