Showing papers in "Acta Cirurgica Brasileira in 2007"
TL;DR: Ulterior rectus diastasis was measured by ultrasonography preoperatively in 20 females and there was no significant difference between the values obtained by ultrasound and those measured during surgery in the supra-umbilical levels and at the level of the umbilicus.
Abstract: PURPOSE: Preoperative imaging evaluation may be useful for determining the position of recti abdominis muscles before their correction. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of ultrasonography to measure the width of rectus abdominis muscle diastasis. METHODS: Rectus diastasis was measured by ultrasonography preoperatively in 20 females. Rectus diastasis was measured in seven levels along the anterior rectus sheath by ultrasound after sustained deep inspiration and after expiration. Rectus diastasis, at the same levels, was also measured after its exposition during abdominoplasty by two independent observers, using a surgical compass. These values were compared using Wilcoxon's statistical text, for non independent values. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the values obtained by ultrasound and those measured during surgery in the supra-umbilical levels and at the level of the umbilicus. However, below the umbilicus these values differed significantly, showing smaller values in the imaging evaluation. CONCLUSION: Ultrasonography is an accurate method to measure rectus diastasis above the umbilicus and at the umbilical level.
87 citations
TL;DR: The use of BC seems to be more adequate as a dura-mater substitute to cover the damaged neural tissue than HADM in repairing, in utero, surgically-induced meningomyelocele in fetal sheep.
Abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two dura-mater substitutes, namely human acellular dermal matrix (HADM) and biosynthetic cellulose (BC), in repairing, in utero, surgically-induced meningomyelocele (MMC) in fetal sheep. METHODS: A neural tube defect was created at 74-77 days gestation in 36 fetal sheep. They were divided into 3 groups, the control group that did not receive pre-natal corrective surgery, and the other two groups that received corrective surgery using HADM (Group A) or BC (Group B). Both materials were used as a dura-mater substitutes between the neural tissue and the sutured skin. Correction was performed at gestation day 100 and the fetuses were maintained in utero until term. Sheep were sacrificed on gestation day 140. The fetal spine was submitted to macro and microscopic analysis. At microscopy, adherence of the material to the skin and neural tissue was analyzed. RESULTS: In the initial phase (pilot), experimentally-induced MMC was performed on 11 fetuses and 4 survived (37%). In the second phase (study), 25 fetuses received surgery and 17 survived (68%). In the study group, 6 fetuses did not undergo repair (control group), 11 cases were submitted to corrective surgery (experimental group) and one fetal loss occurred. Of the surviving cases in the experimental group, 4 constituted Group A and 6 in Group B. Macroscopically, skin and underlying tissues where easily displaced from the BC in all cases it was used; in contrast, HADM adhered to these tissues. To compare the adherence, 4 cases from Group A and 4 in Group B were studied. We observed adherence, host cell migration and vessel proliferation into the HADM all sections from Group A and this aspect was not present in any cases in Group B (p < 0.05). In Group B, we also observed that a new fibroblast layer formed around the BC thus protecting the medulla and constituting a "neoduramater". CONCLUSION: The use of BC seems to be more adequate as a dura-mater substitute to cover the damaged neural tissue than HADM. It seems promising for use in the in utero correction of MMC because to does not adhere to neural tissue of superficial and deep layers ("tethered spinal cord"). Thus, BC minimizes the mechanical and chemical intrauterine damage to the spinal medulla.
56 citations
TL;DR: In addition to its antiinflammatory properties, the protective effects of simvastatin in infected open skin wounds is able to reduce infection and probably has antibacterial action.
Abstract: PURPOSE: This study explores the potential of the simvastatin to ameliorate inflammation and infection in open infected skin wounds of rats. METHODS: Fourteen Wistar rats weighing 285±12g were used. The study was done in a group whose open infected skin wounds were treated with topical application of sinvastatina microemulsion (SIM, n=7) and a second group with wounds treated with saline 0.9 % (SAL, n=7). A bacteriological exam of the wounds fluid for gram positive and gram negative bacteria, the tecidual expression of TNFa and IL-1â by imunohistochemical technique, and histological analysis by HE stain were performed. RESULTS: The expression of TNFa could be clearly demonstrated in lower degree in skin wounds treated with simvastatin (668.6 ± 74.7 im2) than in saline (2120.0 ± 327.1 im2). In comparison, wound tissue from SIM group displayed leukocyte infiltration significantly lower than that observed in SAL group (p<0.05). Culture results of the samples taken from wound fluid on fourth post treatment day revealed wound infection in only one rat of group simvastatin (SIM), where Proteus mirabilis, Escherchia coli and Enterobacter sp were isolated. In the rats whose wounds were treated with saline (SAL), polymicrobial infection with more than 100,000 CFU/g was detected in all the wounds. CONCLUSION: In addition to its antiinflammatory properties, the protective effects of simvastatin in infected open skin wounds is able to reduce infection and probably has antibacterial action. The potential to treat these wounds with statins to ameliorate inflammation and infection is promising.
45 citations
TL;DR: The presence of extranumerary and ectopic parathyroid glands in HPT2 is sufficiently important to justify their exhaustive search as the preoperative image exams present low sensibility to locate them.
Abstract: Supranumerary or ectopic parathyroid glands are the main cause of persistent hyperparathyroidism (HPT) in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) submitted to parathyroidectomy (PTx). PURPOSE: To evaluate the prevalence and location of parathyroid glands in these patients. METHODS: Thirty-five patients with ESRD and severe secondary hyperparathyroidism (HPT2) had been submitted to total PTx at HUCFF from December 2001 to July 2005. Surgery was always performed by the same surgeon, who described in details the location of the glands. RESULTS: Sixteen patients (45.7%) had ectopic glands, which were also extranumerary in five of them (14.3%). The most common locations were the thyroid parenchyma (33.3%), thyroid-thymus conduit (18.5%), and thymus (14.8%). Before PTx, the sensibility of ultrasonography and scintigraphy with technetium-99m Sestamibi was low (48.3% and 35.3%, respectively). Moreover, 51.4% of the nodules found at US were thyroid nodules. However, 99mTc-Sestamibi was useful to identify ectopic glands in those two patients with persistent HPT after PTx. CONCLUSION: The presence of extranumerary and ectopic parathyroid glands in HPT2 is sufficiently important to justify their exhaustive search. As the preoperative image exams present low sensibility to locate them, it is necessary to develop an exploratory routine embracing the most common sites of location.
41 citations
TL;DR: Torsion/detorsion of the spermatic cord for 3 h induces significant lipid peroxidation and reduction in glutathione content of the testis and is, therefore, a valid model for studying the oxidative stress effects of the ischemia/reperfusion injury in young rat testis.
Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate the effects of the oxidative stress in an experimental model of torsion/detorsion of the spermatic cordand the legitimacy of this model for oxidative stress studies. Methods: Forty-eight male Wistar rats were randomized in twogroups (n=24): G-1 (Sham) and G-2 (Ischemia/Reperfusion). All rats received intraperitoneal saline injections (2.0 ml), at 21,9, and 1 h before right spermatic cord torsion or first sham operation. Detorsion or second sham operation was carried out3 h later followed by testis and blood samples collection (T-0). Additional samples were collected at 1-3-6 h time-points forassessment of testis malonaldehyde, glutathione, and plasma total antioxidant power (TAP). Results: Spermatic cordtorsion/detorsion induced a significant increase in testicular malonaldehyde contents and a significant decrease inglutathione concentrations in ischemic rats compared with sham animals. Additional increase in malonaldehyde levelsoccurred during reperfusion in G-2 rats. TAP was similar in both groups denoting absence of systemic effects in thisstudy.
35 citations
TL;DR: The laser has been more favorable when used in the consolidation period, after bone elongation, and presented a greater amount of mineralized bone trabeculae when compared to the Control Group.
Abstract: OBJETIVO: Avaliar as caracteristicas microscopicas do efeito do laser diodo de Arsenieto de Galio-Aluminio (AsGaAl - 830hm), aplicado no periodo de ativacao e consolidacao de mandibulas de ovelhas submetidas a distracao osteogenica. METODOS: Dezoito ovinos foram submetidos a procedimento cirurgico para colocacao de distrator osseo em regiao de mandibula do lado esquerdo, sendo divididos em tres grupos: 1 - Controle; 2 - Irradiacao de laser no periodo de ativacao; 3 - Irradiacao de laser no periodo de contencao. As irradiacoes foram feitas em cinco secoes em dias alternados, com doses de 4,0J/cm2 em quatro pontos pre-determinados, somando 16J por secao. Apos quatro dias de latencia no pos-operatorio, 10 dias de ativacao do distrator (1 mm/dia) e 21 dias de contencao os animais foram mortos e as pecas removidas para analise microscopica. RESULTADOS: Os resultados foram que os grupos irradiados com laser (AsGaAl) apresentaram maior disposicao de trabeculas osseas mineralizadas em relacao ao grupo controle, contudo, no Grupo 2 foi observada a presenca de tecido cartilaginoso. CONCLUSAO: O laser atuou de forma mais favoravel quando utilizado no periodo de consolidacao, apos o alongamento osseo.
34 citations
TL;DR: In addition to its antiinflammatory properties, the protective effects of simvastatin in infected open skin wounds is able to reduce infection and probably has antibacterial action.
Abstract: Purpose: This study explores the potential of the simvastatin to ameliorate inflammation and infection in open infected skin wounds of rats. Methods: Fourteen Wistar rats weighing 285±12g were used. The study was done in a group whose open infected skin wounds were treated with topical application of sinvastatina microemulsion (SIM, n=7) and a second group with wounds treated with saline 0.9 % (SAL, n=7). A bacteriological exam of the wounds fluid for gram positive and gram negative bacteria, the tecidual expression of TNFa and IL-1â by imunohistochemical technique, and histological analysis by HE stain were performed. Results: The expression of TNFa could be clearly demonstrated in lower degree in skin wounds treated with simvastatin (668.6 ± 74.7 im 2 ) than in saline (2120.0 ± 327.1 im 2 ). In comparison, wound tissue from SIM group displayed leukocyte infiltration significantly lower than that observed in SAL group (p<0.05). Culture results of the samples taken from wound fluid on fourth post treatment day revealed wound infection in only one rat of group simvastatin (SIM), where Proteus mirabilis, Escherchia coli and Enterobacter sp were isolated. In the rats whose wounds were treated with saline (SAL), polymicrobial infection with more than 100,000 CFU/g was detected in all the wounds. Conclusion: In addition to its antiinflammatory properties, the protective effects of simvastatin in infected open skin wounds is able to reduce infection and probably has antibacterial action. The potential to treat these wounds with statins to ameliorate inflammation and infection is promising.
29 citations
TL;DR: The sugarcane biopolymer membrane can be used as a patch in femoral artery angioplasty on dogs and it was observed a chronic inflammatory reaction with lymphocytes, neutrophils and fibrosis in the outer surface of the patches.
Abstract: PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of the sugarcane biopolymer membrane in femoral artery patch angioplasty on dogs. METHODS: Eight dogs were submitted to bilateral femoral artery patch angioplasty with a sugarcane biopolymer membrane patch on one side and e-PTFE patch on the contralateral side. This research was performed at Experimental Surgical Research Laboratory of the Centro de Ciencias da Saude at Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. The dogs were submitted to a new surgery at 180 days after the patch angioplasty in order to harvest the femoral artery. All the animals were evaluated by: clinical examination, measure of femoral artery diameter, arteriogram and Doppler fluxometry. Yet the material harvested was sent to histological study. Each animal served as its own control. RESULTS: In all vessels of both groups there were no cases of infection, aneurysm formation, rupture or pseudoaneurysm formation and thrombosis. In both groups it was observed a chronic inflammatory reaction with lymphocytes, neutrophils and fibrosis in the outer surface of the patches. It was observed fibrosis in the inner surfaces of all the patches. In e-PTFE patches occurred invasion by fibroblasts. CONCLUSION: The sugarcane biopolymer membrane can be used as a patch in femoral artery angioplasty on dogs.
29 citations
TL;DR: ECA was well tolerated in this study and did not induce necrosis, allergic reactions or infections, presenting several advantages in relation to OCA and sutures, including lower costs and fewer complications.
Abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the biocompatibility of ethyl-cyanoacrylate (ECA) and octylcyanoacrylate (OCA) wound closures to sutures in rat skin. METHODS: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were subjected to three incisions which were closed using ECA, OCA or sutures . Rats were divided into four groups which received biopsies on the 3rd, 7th, 14th or 21st post-operative days. Necrosis, inflammation, dermatitis, infection, dehiscence, cicatricial enlargement and costs were examined; the histopathology evaluated was epithelialization, deep openings, foreign substance reaction, residues of synthesis material, fibrosis, inflammation, dehiscence and necrosis. RESULTS: The tissue adhesives presented the largest dehiscence levels, and ECA the lowest cost while the other measures were similar. Regarding histopathology, deep openings were more common with OCA and granulomas were most frequently obtained with ECA. The two tissue adhesives produces less inflammation than the inicial suture from post-operative day 7, while ECA and OCA cause similar inflammatory reactions. ECA did not differ significantly from OCA and sutures on other measures. CONCLUSION: ECA was well tolerated in this study and did not induce necrosis, allergic reactions or infections, presenting several advantages in relation to OCA and sutures, including lower costs and fewer complications.
28 citations
TL;DR: The findings suggest that isolated total splenectomy alters lipids metabolism in rats fed with standard chow and splenic autotransplantation is effective in restoring its control.
Abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the alterations on plasmatic lipids levels among rats submitted to total splenectomy isolated or combined with splenic autotransplant receiving standard chow during the postoperative period. METHODS: Thirty Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control (C) - sham-operated, total splenectomy - isolated (TS) or combined with splenic autotransplantation (SA). Since the postoperative period, all animals received standard rat chow manipulated in accordance to the American Institute of Nutrition Rodents Diets (1993). The plasmatic levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and glucose (GLUC) were analyzed before the surgical procedure and after 6 and 12 weeks. RESULTS: All the animals presented significant increase of TG and VLDL levels. In relation to the other parameters there was no difference among the weeks 0 and 12 in the animals of group C. In TS group significant increase was observed in TC and GLUC levels during the experiment. In SA group TC, HDL, and GLUC levels remained unaffected while HDL levels increased. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that isolated total splenectomy alters lipids metabolism in rats fed with standard chow and splenic autotransplantation is effective in restoring its control.
26 citations
TL;DR: Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus helveticus added to a renutrition diet enhance the recovery of mucosal atrophy induced by malnutrition and especially induce a rapid restoration of goblet cells population in the malnourished colonic mucosa.
Abstract: OBJETIVO: Investigar os efeitos da adicao de probioticos em uma dieta hidrolisada na recuperacao de celulas caliciformes durante a renutricao em um modelo animal de desnutricao. METODOS: Vinte e seis ratos Wistar (200-250g) foram incluidos no estudo. Seis foram mantidos em condicoes normais (grupo sham) enquanto que 20 receberam uma dieta aproteica por 15 dias, e foram randomizados para receber uma dieta hidrolisada com (n=6; grupo probiotico) ou sem (n=6; grupo hidrolisado) probioticos (106 cfu/g of Streptococcus thermophilus e Lactobacillus helveticus); ou foram sacrificados imediatamente (n=8; grupo aproteico). Cortes histologicos contendo biopsias do ceco e sigmoide foram examinados e o numero de celulas caliciformas e a razao caliciformes/colonocitos foram contados. RESULTADOS: A desnutricao diminuiu o numero de celulas caliciformes em todo o colon. A razao celulas caliciformes/colonocitos do grupo probiotico foi significantemente maior que o do grupo hidrolizado no ceco (0.39 ± 0.03 vs. 0.34 ± 0.02; p=0.02). Somente os ratos alimentados com probioticos mostrou restauracao completa da relacao celulas caliciformes/colonocitos no sigmoide (0.37 ± 0,02 vs. 0.22 ± 0,03; p<0,001). CONCLUSAO: Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus helveticus adicionados a uma dieta de renutricao melhora a recuperacao da atrofia mucosa induzida pela desnutricao e especialmente induzem a uma rapida restauracao da populacao de celulas caliciformes na mucosa colonica desnutrida.
TL;DR: Even though publishing freedom and independence of each publisher must be respected, there are internationally accepted criteria that must be observed in the process of publishing scientific journals.
Abstract: OBJETIVO: Analisar as instrucoes aos autores contidas em revistas cientificas nacionais que publicam artigos da area cirurgica, buscando tracar um panorama da situacao, bem como fazer recomendacoes para editores e autores. METODOS: Foram analisadas as Instrucoes aos Autores de 20 revistas e classificadas segundo os Requisitos de Vancouver. Foram consultadas na SciELO, nos sites das revistas ou no ultimo fasciculo impresso disponivel na colecao da BIREME. Os resultados foram analisados descritivamente, sendo considerada a frequencia de cada variavel. RESULTADOS: 75% recomendam a adocao dos Requisitos de Vancouver, embora nem sempre indiquem a versao atualizada; 90% das revistas fizeram mencao ao cumprimento de principios eticos de pesquisa, 80% ao processo de revisao por pares e 70% ao conflito de interesses e a cessao dos direitos autorais. Os idiomas estrangeiros aceitos com maior frequencia foram ingles (80%) e espanhol (30%). Todas as revistas publicam artigos originais, seguidos pelos de revisao (90%), relatos de caso (80%), cartas ao editor (70%) e artigos de atualizacao (55%). A nomenclatura adotada para as secoes das revistas e muito variada. CONCLUSAO: Ainda que a liberdade editorial e independencia de cada editor devam ser respeitadas, ha criterios aceitos internacionalmente que devem ser observados. As tendencias atuais, visando a priorizacao das revistas eletronicas em acesso aberto, implicarao em modificacoes no processo de editoracao das revistas cientificas.
TL;DR: In this article, a prospective study on 12 pregnant sheep of a crossed Hampshire/Down breed where a spinal defect was surgically created between Day 75 and Day 77 after conception was conducted.
Abstract: PURPOSE: To produce a myelomeningocele-like human defect in the ovine fetus and validate this experimental model in our population. METHODS: A prospective study on 12 pregnant sheep of a crossed Hampshire/Down breed where a spinal defect was surgically created between Day 75 and Day 77 after conception. The technique consisted of a hysterotomy with exposure of fetal hind limbs and tail up to the mid spine. Fetal skin, paravertebral muscles, and 4 posterior spinal arches were excised, exposing the spinal cord. Duramater was opened and the medulla was incised until the medullar canal. Animals were euthanized at 139 days of gestation for fetal evaluation. The central nervous system was submitted to post-mortem magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the spine was submitted to pathological examination. RESULTS: The defect was created in 13 fetuses and 5 survived. Mean gestational age at necropsy was 121.6 days (varying from 93 to 145 days). Macroscopically, the defect was present in 4 cases. Microscopy revealed a flattened medulla with disappearance of the medullar canal and disruption of normal medullar architecture with neuronal apoptosis and/or fusion of the piamater and duramater. The MRI showed herniation of the cerebellum into the cervical canal and syringomyelia. CONCLUSIONS: The surgically produced defect mimics the defect found in the human fetus, including the Arnold-Chiari malformation. Post-mortem MRI was used for the first time in our study and proved an excellent alternative for demonstrating the cerebellar herniation. We standardized the technique for creating the defect in our population.
TL;DR: A model of a training course in microsurgery, where the microsurgical skills should be first mastered in the lab and only then applied in the clinic is proposed.
Abstract: Microsurgical techniques have been applied in many surgical specialties and have also a broad application in surgical research. It demands high technical skills and continued training. The microsurgical training is lengthy, very expensive and demands high commitment. The microsurgical skills should be first mastered in the lab and only then applied in the clinic. Here, we propose a model of a training course in microsurgery. We also suggest that surgical societies involved with microsurgery promote training courses on a regular basis.
TL;DR: The experimental model using Swiss mice proved to be efficient in the induction of the different types of defects, with the eighth gestational day being the one that most favored the inductionof neural tube defect, omphalocele, gastroschisis, lower limb defects, imperforated anus and tail agenesis/alteration.
Abstract: OBJETIVO: Identificar os tipos de malformacao resultantes da administracao do acido retinoico (AR) a camundongos Swiss em diferentes dias gestacionais. METODOS: Foram utilizados 24 camundongos femeas, linhagem Swiss, prenhes, divididos em 4 grupos com 6 animais cada. Os grupos experimentais receberam uma unica injecao intraperitoneal de AR (70mg/Kg) nos dias gestacionais 7, 8 e 9 (D7, D8 e D9), enquanto que os animais do grupo controle (C) receberam apenas solucao salina. RESULTADOS: Foram encontrados: exencefalia (C:0; D7:16.1%; D8:25.4%; D9:0); mielomeningocele (C:0; D7:25.8%; D8:30.9%; D9:0); Espina Bifida Oculta (C:0; D7:29%; D8:41.8%; D90); gastrosquise (C:0; D7:6.4% D8:5.4%; D9:0); onfalocele (C:0; D7:6.4%; D8:14.5%; D9:0); alteracoes do membro inferior (C:0; D7:74.1%; D8:80%; D9:0); imperfuracao anal (C:0; D7:100%; D8:100%; D9:100%) e agenesia/alteracao de cauda (C: D7:100%; D8:100%; D9:100%). CONCLUSOES: O modelo experimental utilizando camundongo Swiss mostrou-se eficiente na inducao dos diferentes tipos de defeitos, sendo o oitavo dia gestacional o mais propicio na inducao de DFTN, onfalocele, gastrosquise, defeitos de membro inferior, imperfuracao anal e agenesia/alteracao de cauda, tornando este um modelo util para futuras investigacoes do desenvolvimento neural e no processo de formacao do esqueleto apendicular.
TL;DR: There was no improvement in routine division of SGV in total fundoplication procedure when the gastric fundus was mobilized, and in 12 months clinical outcome was similar in both groups.
Abstract: PURPOSE: Evaluate short results after fundoplication procedure, concerning the division of short gastric vessels METHODS: A prospective randomization of 90 patients with indication for hiatoplasty and total fundoplication with fundus mobilization was performed They were divided into two groups: no SGV division (group A, n= 46) and with SGV division (Group B, n=44), although in both groups the gastric fundus was mobilized to perform a floppy valve Early outcome with clinical follow up (1 year) was observed RESULTS: Both groups were similar regarding preoperative parameters and severity of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) No difference in morbidity was observed during hospital stay Nevertheless, the median operating time was 80,2 minutes in group A and 94,1 minutes (p=0,021) in Group B Transitory dysphagia during the first year was significantly lower in group B (46,6% versus 23,2%, p=0,012) However, in 12 months clinical outcome was similar in both groups (clinical symptoms of GERD, persistent dysphagia and reoperations) CONCLUSION: There was no improvement in routine division of SGV in total fundoplication procedure when the gastric fundus was mobilized
TL;DR: The biodistribution of Na(99m)TcO(4) was not affected by massive intestinal resection, suggesting that short bowel syndrome is not the cause of misleading interpretation, if an examination using this radiopharmaceutical is indicated.
Abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the biodistribution of sodium pertecnetate (Na99mTcO4) in organs and tissues, the morphometry of remnant intestinal mucosa and ponderal evolution in rats subjected to massive resection of the small intestine. METHODS: Twenty-one Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups of 7 animals each. The short bowel (SB) group was subjected to massive resection of the small intestine; the control group (C) rats were not operated on, and soft intestinal handling was performed in sham rats. The animals were weighed weekly. On the 30th postoperative day, 0.l mL of Na99mTcO4, with mean activity of 0.66 MBq was injected intravenously into the orbital plexus. After 30 minutes, the rats were killed with an overdose of anesthetic, and fragments of the liver, spleen, pancreas, stomach, duodenum, small intestine, thyroid, lung, heart, kidney, bladder, muscle, femur and brain were harvested. The biopsies were washed with 0.9% NaCl.,The radioactivity was counted using Gama Counter WizardTM 1470, PerkinElmer. The percentage of radioactivity per gram of tissue (%ATI/g) was calculated. Biopsies of the remaining jejunum were analysed by HE staining to obtain mucosal thickness. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey test for multiple comparisons were used, considering p 0.05). An increase in the weight of the SB rats was observed after the second postoperative week. The jejunal mucosal thickness of the SB rats was significantly greater than that of C and sham rats (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: In rats with experimentally-produced short bowel syndrome, an adaptive response by the intestinal mucosa reduced weight loss. The biodistribution of Na99mTcO4 was not affected by massive intestinal resection, suggesting that short bowel syndrome is not the cause of misleading interpretation, if an examination using this radiopharmaceutical is indicated.
TL;DR: The effect of zoledronate is characterized by accentuated stimulus of bone formation in the metaphyseal area, resulting in a larger amount of trabecular bone volume and little fibrosis volume.
Abstract: PURPOSE: To check the effect of zoledronate in bone remodeling during bone healing. METHODS: Thirty rabbits were divided into two groups of fifteen animals each (control and experimental group respectively). Shaft osteotomy was performed on the cranial portion of the fibula of each animal. In the experimental group, a single dose of 0.04mg/kg of zoledronate was administered. In the control group, the same volume of bi-distilled water was administered. After one, two and four weeks, animals of both groups were killed and histological sections of the fibular metaphyseal area were examined histomorphometrically. The parameters analyzed were tissue volume (TV), fractional trabecular bone volume (BV/TV) and fractional medullary fibrous volume (FbV/TV). RESULTS: Tissue volume increased in the experimental group (237.2mm2.10-2) compared to the control (166.62mm2.10-2). Trabecular bone volume was significantly larger in the experimental (60.2%) than in the control group (34.8%).The amount of fibrosis volume decreased in the experimental group (22%) compared to the control (49.4%). CONCLUSION: The effect of zoledronate is characterized by accentuated stimulus of bone formation in the metaphyseal area, resulting in a larger amount of trabecular bone volume and little fibrosis volume.
TL;DR: The equipment enabled an easy handling, and fulfilled a larger safeness and stability during the induction and anesthetic management, and turns the anesthesia procedure into a very easy practice with low-cost.
Abstract: PURPOSE: The difficulty to anesthetize small laboratory animals with vaporizer prompted us to go in search of new materials, and create new techniques. The improved equipment of anesthesia we looked for should be low cost, practical, versatile, and its management serve ethical, teaching, and research purposes. METHODS: The new components of the equipment were: the vaporizer, the unidirectional valve, the glass cylinder filled with water, the flow guidance y-shape tube, the flow regulators, the mask modifications, and another free airway for emergency occurrence. A test was done with 30 Wistar rats, Rattus norvegicus albinus, divided into three groups with 10 rats for each one. Groups 1, 2 and 3 were anesthetized with Ether, Halothane and Sevoflurane respectively, using the new gadget. The anesthetic induction time, the breathing rhythm alteration during an anesthesia pre-established time (10 minutes), and the recovery time were observed. RESULTS: The equipment enabled an easy handling, and fulfilled a larger safeness and stability during the induction and anesthetic management. The test showed it was possible to make use of several anesthetic agents. CONCLUSION: The device is effective, and turns the anesthesia procedure into a very easy practice with low-cost. It should be recommended for experimental surgery, teaching and research.
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of alcohol and caffeine in a pancreatic carcinogenesis mouse model induced by 7,12-dimethylbenzantracene (DMBA) according to the PanIN classification system were evaluated.
Abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of alcohol and caffeine in a pancreatic carcinogenesis mouse model induced by 7,12-dimethylbenzantracene (DMBA), according to the PanIN classification system. METHODS: 120 male, Mus musculus, CF-1 mice were divided into four groups. Animals received either water or caffeine or alcohol or alcohol + caffeine in their drinking water. In all animals, 1 mg of DMBA was implanted into the head of the pancreas. After 30 days, euthanasia was performed; excised pancreata were then fixed in formalin, stained with hematoxylin-eosin and categorized as follows: normal ducts, reactive hyperplasia, PanIN-1A, PanIN-1B, PanIN-2, PanIN-3 or adenocarcinoma. RESULTS: PanIN lesions were verified in all groups. Adenocarcinoma was detected in 15% of animals in the caffeine group, 16.6% in the water group, 23.8% in the alcohol + caffeine group and 52.9% in the alcohol group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The experimental pancreatic carcinogenesis mouse model using DMBA effectively induces PanIN lesions and pancreatic adenocarcinoma. This study verified the association between alcohol use and pancreatic adenocarcinoma; caffeine did not present the same effect.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated testicular volume and arterial flow in patients undergoing surgical correction for inguinal hernia, with polypropylene prosthesis, with Doppler ultrasound before the operation and selectively at the third and sixth months after the operation.
Abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate testicular volume and arterial flow in patients undergoing surgical correction for inguinal hernia, with polypropylene prosthesis. METHODS: This was an observational prospective clinical study on 39 male patients with unilateral inguinal hernia of types III A and III B according to the Nyhus classification who underwent surgical correction with implantation of a polypropylene prosthesis by means of the Lichtenstein technique. The patients were evaluated using Doppler ultrasound before the operation and selectively at the third and sixth months after the operation. The variables studied were testicular volume, systolic and diastolic velocity, resistance index and pulsatility index. RESULTS: No statistically significant alterations in the variables studied were observed over the course of time: testicular volume (p= 0.197); systolic velocity (p= 0.257); diastolic velocity (p= 0.554); resistance index (p= 0.998); and pulsatility index (p= 0.582). CONCLUSION: No alteration in testicular volume and arterial flow over a six-month period was observed among patients who underwent surgical correction for inguinal hernia using a polypropylene prothesis.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that conflicts of interests are common and inevitable in the academic field and the challenge is not to eliminate them, but to recognize them and to manage them properly.
Abstract: In clinical research there is a real possibility to have some conflict of interests. Even for the researcher, the identification of these conflicts cannot be clear. There are many aspects to be considered, involving all participants of the process: the research subject, the researcher, the institution where the research is carried through, the sponsor, the ethics committees, the regulating agencies, the scientific community and the society. The conclusion is that conflicts of interests are common and inevitable in the academic field. The challenge is not to eradicate them, but to recognize them and to manage them properly. The only acceptable way to do this is to expose clearly the conflicts of interests and always to submit the clinical research projects to the ethics committees.
TL;DR: There is no difference in the tensile strength in the various levels of the anterior and posterior layers of the rectus sheath; however, medial advancement of the the anterior layer required more traction strength than did advancement ofThe posterior layer to the midline.
Abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to assess, in cadavers, the resistance to medial traction of the posterior and anterior layer of the rectus abdominis muscle sheath. METHODS: An anatomical, prospective, self-controlled study was carried out in 20 male cadavers. An evaluation of the tension of the posterior and anterior layers of the rectus abdominis muscle sheath was performed following anatomical dissection of these structures. The traction necessary to advance the tissue ten millimeters was assessed using an analogic dynamometer. RESULTS: There was no significant statistical difference between the necessary traction at various levels of the anterior and posterior layers of the rectus sheath. However, medial advancement of the anterior layer of the rectus sheath required more traction strength than did advancement of the posterior layer to the midline. CONCLUSION: There is no difference in the tensile strength in the various levels of the anterior and posterior layers of the rectus sheath; however, medial advancement of the the anterior layer required more traction strength.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and anti-FGFâ in the healing, synthesis and maturation of collagen when topically used on infected skin wounds of rats were evaluated.
Abstract: PURPOSE: The infection is one of the main factors that affect the physiological evolution of the surgical wounds. The aim of this work is to evaluate the effects of fibroblast growth factor (FGFâ) and anti-FGFâ in the healing, synthesis and maturation of collagen when topically used on infected skin wounds of rats. METHODS: An experimental study was perfomed in 60 male Wistar rats. All animals were divided in two groups (A and B). Each group was divided in three subgroups A1, B1; A2, B2 and A3, B3. After anesthesia with pentobarbital, two open squared wounds (1cm2), 4cm distant to each other, were done in the dorsal skin of all the rats. In group A (n=30) the wounds were contaminated with multibacterial standard solution, and in group B(n=30) the wounds were maintained sterile. These wounds were named F1 (for inflammation analysis) and F2 (for collagen study). The open wounds of A1 and B1 rats were topically treated with saline solution, A2 and B2 were treated with FGFâ and subgroups A3 and B3 were treated with FGFâ and anti-FGFâ. The rats were observed until complete epitelization of F2 wounds for determination of healing time and the expression of types I and III collagen, using Picro Sirius Red staining. Inflammatory reaction in F1 wounds was studied using hematoxilineosin staining. The three variable was measured by the Image Pro-Plus Media Cybernetics software. The statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA and Tukey test, considering p<0.05 as significant. RESULTS: It was observed that infection retarded significantly (p<0.05) the time of wound scarring and the topical application of FCFb reverted the inhibition of healing caused by bacteria. The inflammatory reaction was greater in the subgroup B2 than in B1 and A3, and the difference was significant (p<0.05). It was observed greater expression of type I collagen in all the subgroups treated with FCFb, when compared with the untreated subgroups. Type III collagen was significantly decreased in wounds of B3 rats, comparing to the other subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: The FCFb accelerated the healing of open infected wounds and contributed with maturation of collagen, enhancing the type I collagen density. The anti-FCFb antibody was able to attenuate the production of both type I and III collagen.
TL;DR: The application of the protocol of respiratory exercises with and without additional load in tobacco smokers produced immediate improvement in the performance of respiratory muscles, but this gain was more accentuated after 2 weeks of exercise.
Abstract: OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito da utilizacao de um programa de treinamento especifico dos musculos respiratorios sobre a funcao pulmonar em individuos tabagistas. METODOS: Foram estudados 50 individuos tabagistas assintomaticos com idade superior a 30 anos, nos seguintes momentos: A0 - avaliacao inicial seguida do protocolo de exercicios respiratorios; A1 - reavaliacao apos 10 minutos da aplicacao do protocolo; e A2 -reavaliacao final apos duas semanas de treinamento utilizando o mesmo protocolo tres vezes por semana. A avaliacao foi realizada atraves das medidas de pressoes respiratorias maximas (PImax. e PEmax.), picos de fluxo respiratorios (PFI e PFE), ventilacao voluntaria maxima (VVM), capacidade vital Forcada (CVF) e Volume expiratorio forcado no primeiro segundo (VEF1). RESULTADOS: Nao houve melhora na CVF e VEF1 da avaliacao inicial para a final. Houve aumento significativo das variaveis PFI, PFE, VVM e PImax nas avaliacoes A1 e A2. A variavel PEmax. aumentou somente na avaliacao A2. CONCLUSAO: A aplicacao de protocolo de exercicios respiratorios com e sem carga adicional em individuos tabagistas produziu melhora imediata na performance dos musculos respiratorios, mas esta melhora foi mais acentuada apos duas semanas de exercicio.
TL;DR: The jejunal tube interposed between the dilated bile duct and duodenum showed good anatomic integration and reduced total bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase levels in the animals studied.
Abstract: PURPOSE: Interposition of a jejunal tube between the common bile duct and duodenum. METHODS: Five adult mongrel dogs of both sexes, weighing on average 22.3 kg (18 to 26.5 kg), were used. Obstructive jaundice was induced by ligation of the distal common bile duct. After one week, a 2.5-cm long jejunal tube was fabricated from a segment of the loop removed 15 cm from the Treitz angle and interposed between the common bile duct and duodenum. RESULTS: The animals presented good clinical evolution and no complications were observed. After 6 weeks, complete integration was noted between the bile duct mucosa, tube and duodenum and a significant reduction in total bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase was observed when compared to the values obtained one week after ligation of the common bile duct. CONCLUSION: The jejunal tube interposed between the dilated bile duct and duodenum showed good anatomic integration and reduced total bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase levels in the animals studied.
TL;DR: The model showed that chronic renal ischemia in rats provokes progressive renal atrophy, with preservation of glomerular structure, evidencing that the glomerule preserves its intact architecture during chronic ischemIA.
Abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate a model of chronic renal ischemia in rats and to characterize the effects on renal tissue. METHODS: 168 Wistar rats were divided into two equal groups, control (GC) and ischemia (GI). The animals of the GI (n=84) were submitted to partial ligation of the left renal artery, and the animals of GC (n=84) stayed with the renal artery intact. In seven successive and identical periods of time, in weekly intervals, 12 animals of each group were submitted to nephrectomy, with morphometric determinations and histological and ultra-structural analysis. RESULTS: The GI presented progressive reduction in renal weight, volume and cortical thickness observed from the 7th day of the experiment, reaching maximum degree in the 49th day (p < 0.05). The proximal tubular atrophy in the GI was observed in 75/84 analysis (89,2%), with highly significant difference among the groups starting from the 7th day (p=0 .0009) and in the other periods of the experiment (p=0 .00001). The most prevalent interstitial alteration was the infiltrate, present in 98,8% of the GI, with highly significant difference among the groups in the whole experiment (p=0 .00001). Ultra-structural analysis didn't demonstrate glomerular lesions, evidencing that the glomerule preserves its intact architecture during chronic ischemia. CONCLUSION: The model showed that chronic renal ischemia in rats provokes progressive renal atrophy, with preservation of glomerular structure.
TL;DR: There was an increased cerebral uptake of ketone bodies following brain ischemia, reaffirming these metabolites as alternative energy substrates under conditions of cerebral metabolic stress as well as its potential role on neuroprotection.
Abstract: OBJETIVO: Avaliar as alteracoes in vivo no metabolismo dos corpos cetonicos apos isquemia/reperfusao cerebral atraves de um modelo experimental de isquemia cerebral induzido pela simples oclusao das arterias carotidas comuns (CCAs) em ratos Wistar. METODOS: Quarenta e oito ratos Wistar machos foram distribuidos aleatoriamente em dois grupos (S - Controle; T - Teste) e cada um deles redistribuidos em quatro tempos de estudos. Apos oclusao bilateral das CCAs por 30min, permitiu-se reperfusao aos animais do grupo T nos tempos 0, 5, 10 e 15min. Foram coletadas amostras de tecido cerebral e sangue arterial sistemico e quantificados os metabolitos acetoacetato (ACT) e beta-hidroxibutirato (BHB). RESULTADOS: Os niveis cerebrais de ACT e BHB aumentaram significantemente no Grupo T apos 30min de oclusao carotidea (tempo 0). A maior concentracao de corpos cetonicos (ACT+BHB) foi verificada aos 5min de reperfusao, diminuindo apos 10min de recirculacao. Os niveis de corpos cetonicos sistemicos aumentaram de modo semelhante entre os grupos teste e controle. O Grupo S demonstrou significante aumento nas concentracoes sistemicas e cerebrais de ACT e BHB principalmente apos 40-45min de estudo. CONCLUSOES: A isquemia cerebral aguda transitoria e parcial induzida pela oclusao bilateral das carotidas em ratos Wistar ativou a cetogenese provavelmente devido a estimulacao central da secrecao de catecolaminas. Houve um aumento da captacao dos corpos cetonicos apos isquemia cerebral, reafirmando esses metabolitos como substratos energeticos alternativos em condicoes de estresse metabolico cerebral, bem como suas potencialidades na neuroprotecao. As maiores alteracoes no metabolismo dos corpos cetonicos foram verificadas nos minutos iniciais de recirculacao como resultado do fenomeno da lesao de reperfusao.
TL;DR: The modifications in the architecture of intestinal mucosa in colitis following fecal diversion can cause alterations in the intestinal barrier, but it does not necessarily lead to an increased frequency of BT.
Abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate whether the alterations of the diverted colon segment mucosa, evidenced in fecal colitis, would be able to alter Bacterial Translocation (BT). METHODS: Sixty-two Wistar male rats ranging from 220 to 320 grams of weight, were divided in two groups: A (Colostomy) and B (Control), with 31 animals each one. In group A, all animals underwent end colostomy, one stoma, in ascending colon; and in the 70th POD was injected in five rats, by rectal route diverted segment - 2ml of a 0.9% saline solution in animals (A1 subgroup); in eight it was inoculated, by rectal route, 2ml of a solution containing Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (American Type Culture Collection), in a concentration of 108 Colony Forming Unit for milliliters (CFU/ml) - A2 Subgroup; in ten animals the same solution of E. coli was inoculated, in a concentration of 1011 CFU/ml (A3 Subgroup); and in eight it was collected part of the mucus found in the diverted distal colonic segment for neutral sugars and total proteins dosage (A4 subgroup). The animals from the group B underwent the same procedures of group A, but with differences in the colostomy confection. In rats from subgroups A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, and B3 2ml of blood were aspirated from the heart, and fragments from mesenteric lymphatic nodule, liver, spleen, lung and kidney taken for microbiological analysis, after their death. This analysis consisted of evidencing the presence of E. coli ATCC 25922 CFU. Mann-Whitney and ANOVA Tests were applied as analytic techniques for association of variables. RESULTS: The occurrence of BT was evidenced only in those animals in which inoculated concentration of E. coli ATCC 25922, reached levels of 1011CFU/ml, i.e. in Subgroups A3 and B3, although, being significantly greater (80%) in those animals without colostomy (subgroup B3) when compared to the ones with colostomy (20%) from the subgroup A3 (P <0.05). Lung, liver and mesenteric lymphatic nodules were the tissues with larger percentile of bacterial recovery, so much in subgroup A3, as in B3. Blood culture was considered positive in 60% of the animals from subgroup B3 and in 10% of those from subgroup A3 (p <0.05). There was greater concentration of neutral sugars, in subgroup A4 - mean 27.3mg/ml -, than in subgroup B4 - mean 8.4mg/ml - (P <0.05). CONCLUSION: The modifications in the architecture of intestinal mucosa in colitis following fecal diversion can cause alterations in the intestinal barrier, but it does not necessarily lead to an increased frequency of BT.
TL;DR: In rats, after acute hemorrhage, dexmedetomidine determined better renal function, but higher tubular dilation scores, and histological evaluations of the kidneys.
Abstract: PURPOSE: About 50 % of indications for dialysis in acute renal failure are related to problems originated during the perioperative period. Intraoperative hemodynamic changes lead to renal vasoconstriction and hypoperfusion. Previous studies have not defined the dexmedetomidine renal role in hemorrhage situations. This study evaluated the effect of dexmedetomidine on renal function and histology after acute hemorrhage in rats. METHODS: Covered study with 20 Wistars rats, anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital, 50 mg. kg-1, intraperitoneal, randomized into 2 groups submitted to 30% volemia bleeding: DG - iv dexmedetomidine, 3 µg. kg-1 (10 min) and continuous infusion - 3 µg. kg-1. h-1; CG - pentobarbital. For renal clearance estimative, sodium p-aminohippurate and iothalamate were administered. Studied attributes: heart rate, mean arterial pressure, rectal temperature, hematocrit, iothalamate and p-aminohippurate clearance, filtration fraction, renal blood flow, renal vascular resistance, and histological evaluations of the kidneys. RESULTS: DG showed smaller values of heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and renal vascular resistance, but iothalamate clearance and filtration fraction values were higher. There was similarity in p-aminohippurate clearance and renal blood flow. Both groups had histological changes ischemia-like, but dexmedetomidine determined higher tubular dilatation scores. CONCLUSION: In rats, after acute hemorrhage, dexmedetomidine determined better renal function, but higher tubular dilation scores.