Showing papers in "Animal Behaviour in 2002"

TL;DR: It is concluded that consistent individual variation in open field behaviour exists in individuals from the wild, and this behavioural variation is heritable and poses the question of how this variation is maintained under natural conditions.

TL;DR: The results confirm and generalize the hypothesis that behavioural flexibility is a major determinant of invasion success in birds.

TL;DR: It is suggested that nonlinear phenomena may subserve individual recognition and the estimation of size or fluctuating asymmetry from vocalizations, and neurally ‘cheap’ unpredictability may serve the valuable adaptive function of making chaotic calls difficult to predict and ignore.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a framework in which the costs and benefits of friendly postconflict reunions, both for each individual opponent and for their mutual relationship, are used to predict the patterning of post-conflict resolution mechanisms in other gregarious animals.

TL;DR: Wild M. sexta in this study did not show generalized feeding responses to natural or artificial flowers with single sensory stimuli; like naive laboratory-reared moths, they required a combination of visual and olfactory cues.

TL;DR: The authors investigated the effects of observational spatial memory on individual caching and raiding tactics in ravens and found that ravens, regardless of whether they act as cachers or raiders, are capable of withholding information about their intentions and manipulating the other bird's attention to prevent or to achieve social learning opportunities.

TL;DR: This work established whether workers of the bumblebee, Bombus terrestris (L.) (Hymenoptera; Apidae), exhibit alloethism, and quantified the size of workers engaging in foraging compared to those that remain in the nest, and confirmed that it is the larger bees that tend to forage.

TL;DR: The chasing of cleaners appeared to be a form of punishment, imposing costs on the cleaner at the client's (momentary) expense, as jolts were on average less frequent during interactions between cleaners and individuals that had terminated their previous interaction by aggressive chasing.

TL;DR: Investigating whether clients with large home ranges change cleaning partners to outplay cleaners against each other to achieve priority of access over clients with no choice at cleaning stations and control over cheating by cleaners finds the option to change partners is used as a control mechanism to stabilize cooperative behaviour.

TL;DR: The authors found that nightingales do not maximize song amplitude but regulate vocal intensity dependent on the level of masking noise, which may serve to maintain a specific signal-to-noise ratio that is favorable for signal production.

TL;DR: It is shown that clans exist among resident type killer whales, Orcinus orca, in southern Alaska and argued that a combination of cultural drift and selection are the main mechanisms for the maintenance of clans.

TL;DR: It is indicated that wild Diana monkeys, Cercopithecus diana, may comprehend the semantic changes caused by a combinatory rule present in the natural communication of another primate, the Campbell's monkey, C. campbelli.

TL;DR: Comparative tools for hormonal analysis provide insights into evolu-tionary theories based on behavioural aspects, such as productive suppression and the ‘challenge hypothesis’, and provides the resolution needed for studies of main behavioural trends, especially in stablehierarchical social systems.

TL;DR: The first experimental test of the basic predictions of the risk allocation hypothesis was conducted by examining responses of freshwater physid snails to chemical cues associated with predation on snails by predatory crayfish, as predicted, the snails' pattern of activity, microhabitat use and response to risk depended on the temporal pattern of risk.

TL;DR: The results suggest that female ranging patterns are influenced by both feeding competition and male territorial behaviour, which supports the male-bonded model of the chimpanzee social system, over the bisexual or male-only community models.

TL;DR: A review of behavioural studies of hybridization and mixed pairing in birds led to the following conclusions: hybridization is more common where one of two hybridizing species is rare.

TL;DR: Compared four components of fitness between monandrous and polyandrous females in the ground cricket, Allonemobius socius, it was discovered that females derived nongenetic benefits from mating multiply, in that the magnitude of the nuptial gift was positively associated with the number of eggs produced.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used data from adult female chacma baboons, Papio cynocephalus ursinus, to provide the first test of hypotheses on interchange trading and the structure of a biological market (Noe ¨ & Hammerstein 1994, Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 35, 1-11) within a primate group.

TL;DR: In tree swallows, Tachycineta bicolor, it is found that yolk testosterone was correlated with the aggressive interactions of the female before and during egg laying and did not vary with laying order in tree swallow.

TL;DR: The authors used European starlings, Sturnus vulgaris, to investigate the relationship between the cost paid to obtain food rewards and preference between stimuli associated with the resulting rewards and found that the majority preferred the coloured key that was paired with the higher level of work in no-choice trials.

TL;DR: A detailed discussion of each hypothesis reveals that the reason why females nurse alien offspring may be more intricate than was previously believed and proposes some experimental designs to tease apart the exact role of competitive hypotheses.

TL;DR: Moderate levels of natural background sound reduced a female's ability to discriminate between males' calls even when she could detect them, justifying recent theoretical analyses of the importance of receivers' errors in the evolution of communication.

TL;DR: The data can be interpreted in terms of either an increased exploratory drive or reduced environment-related anxiety, or both, during the adolescent period, consistent with previous evidence of elevated levels of novelty seeking and reduced behavioural and physiological responses to stressful situations in mice and rats around this age.

TL;DR: A case study from the field of sperm competition and alternative male reproductive tactics, where the problems and the logic behind the solutions are likely to be the same in many other fields.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used data from a natural experiment on adult female chacma baboons, Papio cynocephalus ursinus, to test the hypothesis that variation in aggression through time influences patterns of grooming reciprocity within a social group.

TL;DR: Results are consistent with the hypothesis that interindividual egg variation in this species facilitates offspring recognition and is a counteradaptation to either interspecific or intraspecific brood parasitism.

TL;DR: The use of Trills, J calls and Long calls was related to the distance between the calling animal and the potential receivers suggesting that marmosets are using the calls in a way appropriate to the effects of habitat acoustics.

TL;DR: It is suggested that larger males have both higher pre- and postcopulatory reproductive success than smaller males.

TL;DR: Both sexes of the sailfin molly show mate choice copying in the wild, much as they do in laboratory studies, and at least in this species,mate choice copying is not a laboratory artefact.

TL;DR: Testing the hypothesis that demographic constraints limit the number of maternal kin with whom male chimpanzees can cooperate, and thereby lead them to form selective bonds with nonkin of similar age and status indicates that male age and rank are significantly associated with four measures of social behaviour.