Showing papers in "Annals of Epidemiology in 1999"

TL;DR: Comparison of WHI FFQ nutrient intake measures to independent and unbiased measures, such as doubly labeled water estimates of energy expenditure, are needed to help address the validity of the FFQ in this population.

TL;DR: Although educational attainment must be considered, the IRAS FFQ appears to be reasonably valid and reliable in a diverse cohort.

TL;DR: Factors associated with nonparticipation in a population-based, case-control study of breast cancer and ways to overcome barriers to participation are described and obstacles to recruitment seem to differ among race and age subgroups.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the relationship of overweight, high dietary fat intake, and other factors with reflux disease hospitalization, and found no relationship was found between higher fat intake and reflux diseases.

TL;DR: Intra-individual variation in PA is substantial and must be accounted for in estimates of usual PA, and three repeated observations of the FWH, six Caltrac, or nine PAR over the course of the year were needed to achieve 80% reliability in estimation of mean annual PA.

TL;DR: There was evidence that the association was stronger in current and former smokers as compared to those who never smoked, and dyspnea was significantly related to total mortality in men and women and to respiratory disease mortality in women.

TL;DR: Children who participated in organized sports programs at and outside school, those with higher perceived self-efficacy for physical activity, and those with more parental support for engaging in physical activity were more active.

TL;DR: High levels of depressive symptoms concomitant with major chronic medical conditions elevate the risk for death among older Mexican Americans.

TL;DR: It is found that, for the elderly, pulse pressure (SBP-DBP) may be a more accurate predictor of cardiovascular death than either SBP or DBP alone.

TL;DR: It is suggested that low Mg may play a modest role in the development of hypertension, and associations were attenuated after the addition of baseline systolic blood pressure to the models.

TL;DR: Although adiposity was the strongest correlate of leptin levels, fasting insulin and several health habits and behaviors were independently associated with leptin.

TL;DR: The approach used to identify and recruit moderately to severely disabled elderly women in the WHAS is both feasible and applicable to other community-based research where inclusion of elderly people with moderate to severe disability across several areas of functioning is an objective.

TL;DR: The data do not support the hypothesis that the increased risk of lung cancer among African Americans is due to the increased prevalence of menthol smoking, and suggest that the lung-cancer risk fromsmoking mentholated cigarettes resembles the risk from smoking non-mentholatedarettes.

TL;DR: Investigation of seven year changes in physical fitness and physical activity in the young adult population to changes in the plasma lipid profile found decreased fitness during young adulthood is associated with unfavorable changes in lipid profile, explained mostly by increased weight.

TL;DR: It is suggested that elevated levels of CRP are associated with future risk of cataract in these apparently healthy men, and this early report raises the possibility that systemic inflammation may play a role in the pathogenesis of age-related cataracts.

TL;DR: This study did not reveal an association between active smoking and insulin sensitivity, as has been shown previously, and this finding is a puzzling finding which deserves further investigation in the longitudinal data from IRAS as well as in other populations.

TL;DR: A nested analysis showed that HIV-infected cigarette smokers were at substantially greater risk of pneumonia than nonsmokers, and the HOPS provides continually updated information on the changing characteristics, conditions, and therapy of ambulatory HIV- infected patients.

TL;DR: Moderate physical activity may slow HIV disease progression and exercising 3-4 times/week had a more protective effect than daily exercise.

TL;DR: Examination of the long-term relationships between total physical activity and mortality from all causes and coronary heart disease in the general population found physical activity favorably influences mortality risks in non-obese men and younger women.

TL;DR: The results suggest that it may be important to consider distant past alcohol consumption in etiologic studies of prostate cancer, however, these results were based on small numbers of cases who were heavy drinkers and require replication.

TL;DR: The present study suggests that coffee consumption may weaken GGT-induction by alcohol, and possibly by smoking, and these effect modifications by coffee may differ according to the degree of obesity.

TL;DR: Prospective data indicate that alcohol intake is not appreciably associated with the risk of incident AMD, however, the width of the confidence intervals are compatible with a possible small effect (reduction or increase) in risk for low to moderate levels of alcohol intake, which warrant further investigation.

TL;DR: The results suggest that higher intakes of ascorbic acid may be associated with a decreased risk of angina among drinkers and that the possibility of a biologic interaction between ascorBic acid and alcohol is suggested.

TL;DR: Characteristics of respondents and nonrespondents to a home questionnaire and comprehensive clinical examination in a population of elderly Americans and self-report of visual status was similar among refusals and participants in this study on vision.

TL;DR: Until a well designed study is conducted in Russia, the hypothesis that alcohol, and binge drinking in particular, is a major determinant of the recent mortality fluctuations in Russia remains debatable.

TL;DR: The similar level of agreement among cases and controls suggests that differential misclassification is unlikely in the reporting of most aspects of antidepressant medication use by women, and the overall accurate self-reporting of antidepressant use suggests that there should be minimal non-differential antidepressant exposure mis classification.

TL;DR: Though differences in smoking prevalence were apparent for native and foreign-born American Americans, prevention and cessation programs are needed for both groups, and the differential impact of social and cultural factors on smoking behavior within racially classified social groups is suggested.

TL;DR: Results suggest that under the conditions investigated, the method of excluding early deaths does not reliably or substantially reduce bias due to confounding introduced by occult disease.