Showing papers in "Apidologie in 1991"
TL;DR: Workers parasitized by C bombi were significantly less likely to forage for pollen and had developed ovaries in significantly more cases than did uninfested workers.
Abstract: mdash; Field caught bumble bee (Bombus Latreille and Psithyrus Lepeletier) workers, males and queens were examined for the presence of 4 parasites. High prevalence of parasitization by conopid flies (20.2%) and the trypanosome Crithidia bombi (35.7%), moderate to low prevalence by the microsporidian Nosema bombi (9.0%) and the mite Bombacarus buchneri (3.6%) were found. Infestations by the 4 parasites were independent of one another but significant differences were found for bumble bee species and sex. Workers parasitized by C bombi were significantly less likely to forage for pollen and had developed ovaries in significantly more cases than did uninfested workers. Spring queens of B terrestris and B lucorum had lower prevalence of infestation by C bombi than
173 citations
TL;DR: HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not, which may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.
Abstract: HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Immunomodulatory action of propolis. Influence on anti-infectious protection and macrophage function V Dimov, N Ivanovska, N Manolova, V Bankova, N Nikolov, S Popov
156 citations
TL;DR: Infestation rates on adult Africanized and Italian/Africanized hybrid honey bees were measured in 3 different climatic regions of Brazil, demonstrating that climate type has a strong influence and that infestation rates are higher in the cooler regions.
Abstract: mdash; Varroa jacobsoni infestation rates on adult Africanized and Italian/Africanized hybrid honey bees were measured in 3 different climatic regions of Brazil : Ribeir ão Preto, Rio do Sul and São Joaquim (mean temperatures 21, 18 and 13 °C, respectively), over a 2-yr period. The mean infestation rates were 3.5, 5.11 and 11.37 mites per 100 bees in the 3 regions respectively, demonstrating that climate type has a strong influence and that infestation rates are higher in the cooler regions. The type of bee also had an important effect, as the Italian hybrids were significantly more infested than the Africanized bees (7.53 and 5.78 mites per 100 bees, respectively).
130 citations
TL;DR: A physical map of mitochondrial DNA of the honeybee (Apis mellifera L) has been established with 17 restriction enzymes (46 sites) and elements of the genic map have been inferred from sequence data, which confirms the phylogeny based on morphometry and behavior.
Abstract: mdash; A physical map of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of the honeybee (Apis mellifera L) has been established with 17 restriction enzymes (46 sites). Elements of the genic map have been inferred from sequence data. The superimposition of both maps indicate that the gene order is quite similar between honeybee and Drosophila. The total length of the mitochondrial genome falls between 16 500 and 17 000 bp. This range is due to several regions exhibiting length polymorphisms. Two of them overlap with the control region, but a third one is unexpectedly located between the CO-I and CO-II genes. This last polymorphism is explained by the occurrence of variable numbers of 2 related sequences, called P and Q, which arose through tandem duplication. Sequence data from 3 regions of the mtDNA genome can be used to infer a phylogenetic tree for 4 Apis species: the resulting tree topology, (florea(dorsata(cerana,mellifera))), confirms the phylogeny based on morphometry and behavior.
128 citations
TL;DR: HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not, for teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.
Abstract: HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Phylogenetic relationships in the genus Apis inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequence data L Garnery, D Vautrin, Jm Cornuet, M Solignac
99 citations
TL;DR: The honeybees of southern Africa were assessed for expression of the trait, diploid eggs laid by workers, worker ovariole number, spermatheca size, worker size and allozymes of malate dehydrogenase.
Abstract: mdash; The honeybees of southern Africa were assessed for expression of the trait, diploid eggs laid by workers, worker ovariole number, spermatheca size, worker size and allozymes of malate dehydrogenase. A m capensis is readily defined in terms of the first 2 of these traits and may further be separated from A m scutellata by a suite of biological characteristics associated with laying worker development and behaviour, queenless cell building, foraging, thermoregulation and docility. The Cape honeybee occurs in the fynbos biome along the southwest and south coasts of South Afri-
91 citations
85 citations
TL;DR: The results of a population genetic study of honey bees sampled near the origin of neotropical Africanization combining analyses of morphological, allozyme and mtDNA characters support the expectation that populations from this region are comparatively stable in genetic composition and that significant polymorphism of European origin persists in the Africanized population of the region.
Abstract: mdash; Africanized honey bee populations are genetically heterogeneous across their extensive new world range. Over 35 years have elapsed since the introduction of A m scutellata to southeastern Brazil and we hypothesized that populations from this region should have achieved the highest degree of genetic equilibrium following the perturbation of introduction. We report here the results of a population genetic study of honey bees sampled near the origin of neotropical Africanization combining analyses of morphological, allozyme and mtDNA characters. Data from this study support previously reported allozyme frequency estimates and support the expectation that populations from this region are comparatively stable in genetic composition; and further, that significant polymorphism of European origin persists in the Africanized population of the region. Morphological and mtDNA data from these neotropical populations reveal the strong influence of the African race, A m scutellata. Apparent discordance among data sets from the several analytical methods reflects variation in selection and population size on the inheritance or persistence of such characters and indicates the importance of multiple character analysis.
76 citations
75 citations
TL;DR: HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not, for teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.
Abstract: HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Analyse pollinique, propriétés physico-chimiques et action antibactérienne des miels d’abeilles africanisées Apis mellifera et de Méliponinés du Brésil M Cortopassi-Laurino, Ds Gelli
69 citations
TL;DR: The cyclical changes of organelles and chemical composition of the wax gland complex closely coincide with measured, age-related rates of wax secretion in honeybees and with biosynthetic data from other insects.
Abstract: Summary — The ultrastructure of the cells of the wax gland complex in honeybee workers was studied in relation to the synthesis and secretion of beeswax. The hydrocarbon and fatty acid profiles of epidermal cells and oenocytes were determined in relation to the ages of the bees. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) is absent from both epidermis and adipocytes from adult emergence until the end of wax secretion. The oenocytes are rich in SER. The hydrocarbon and fatty acid content of the oenocytes, averaged for age, closely matches that of newly secreted wax. That the oenocytes are the probable source of the hydrocarbon fraction of beeswax is consistent with histochemical and autoradiographic data for honeybees and with biosynthetic data from other insects. The cyclical changes of organelles and chemical composition of the wax gland complex closely coincide with measured, age-related rates of wax secretion in honeybee workers.
TL;DR: Using special combs which guaranteed that the structure of the cell cap remained undamaged in the process of infestation, worker brood cells with 1 or 2 mites each were infested to investigate the response of A mellifera colonies to Varroa-infested brood cells.
Abstract: mdash; The response of A mellifera colonies to Varroa-infested brood cells has been investigated. Using special combs which guaranteed that the structure of the cell cap remained undamaged in the process of infestation, we infested worker brood cells with 1 or 2 mites each. The artificially infested cells were detected, uncapped and removed to various degrees by the worker bees of different carnica strains. Brood cells infested with 1 mite were removed from 5.5% (min) up to 95.8% (max) those with 2 Varroa from 4.8% (min) up to 100% (max) till 10 d after infestation. Figure 1 shows the means of the removed brood cells infested with one mite. The removal rates of the 2 infestation levels differed (P ≤ 0.01). Those colonies with a high removal response to brood cells infested with 1 mite also showed a high removal response to brood cells infested with two mites and vice versa (r = 0.76; P ≤ 0.001). Varroa mites escaped or were possibly killed. The signals which cause the removal are unknown. We do not know to what extent the method influences the magnitude of the removal behavior.
TL;DR: Treatment with powdered thymol provided a consistent control of varroatosis without harmful effects such as the occurrence of toxic residues in the hive products, and the addition of confectioner’s sugar seemed to enhance both effectiveness and rate of mite fall though significant effects were not achieved.
Abstract: mdash; In order to provide a consistent control of varroatosis without harmful effects such as the occurrence of toxic residues in the hive products, treatment with powdered thymol was tested during a 2-yr research trial. Treatment consisted of 4 identical applications carried out at 2-day intervals on honeybee colonies with little or no brood. In all hives during both years, mite populations were drastically reduced as a consequence of treatment (96.77% on average) indicating that thymol is worth further study. The rate of mite fall was highest in the hours immediately following each application and was positively influenced by outdoor temperatures. The addition of confectioner’s sugar to thymol seemed to enhance both effectiveness and rate of mite fall though significant effects were not achieved. Modified Gary’s traps installed on treated and untreated colonies showed that bee mortality was generally affected by treatment.
TL;DR: Exposure to heavy metals and observed changes in colony dynamics, especially brood rearing and hoarding of pollen, nectar, and honey are discussed in terms of exposure toheavy metals and observations of colony dynamics.
Abstract: mdash; Nucleus colonies (nucs) of = 4 500 honey bees (Apis mellifera L) were evaluated as an alternative to full-size colonies for monitoring pollution impacts. Fifty nucs were deployed at 5 sites along a transect on Vashon Island, Washington. This provided a gradient of exposure to arsenic and cadmium from industrial sources. After 40 d, statistically significant differences were observed among sites for mean mass and numbers of bees (P ≤ 0.01), honey yield (P ≤ 0.07), and arsenic and cadmium content of forager bees (P ≤ 0.001). These findings are discussed in terms of exposure to heavy metals and observed changes in colony dynamics, especially brood rearing and hoarding of pollen, nectar, and honey.
TL;DR: Comparative morphological studies of male genitalia from 6 honey bee species revealed distinct qualitative differences in each species in both everted endophalli and endophalling in situ.
Abstract: Comparative morphological studies of male genitalia from 6 honey bee species revealed distinct qualitative differences in each species in both everted endophalli and endophalli in situ. The endophalli in situ can be studied in drones preserved in ethanol. The following characters are most suitable for classification in situ: 1) pattern of the ventral hairy field of the vestibulum; 2) number of folds and hairy patches of the ventral cervix; 3) form of the dorsal hairy field of the cervix; and 4) the form of its appendage (lobe). Three types of endophalli can be classified. One type is present in the cavity-nesting honeybees A mellifera, A cerana and A koschevnikovi, the second in the free-nesting dwarf honeybees A andreniformis and A florea and the third in the A dorsata complex.
TL;DR: Variables had low but significant correlations with environmental factors and clinal patterns of spatial autocorrelation with distance, and some measurements of body size exhibited Bergmann's Rule, but the hind legs did not exhibit Allen’s Rule.
Abstract: variables had low but significant correlations with environmental factors and clinal patterns of spatial autocorrelation with distance. Some measurements of body size exhibited Bergmann’s Rule, but the hind legs did not exhibit Allen’s Rule. The geographic variation is presumably adaptive and has developed within 138 years in the presence of a large, mobile beekeeping industry. Colonies of small worker bees in the warmer and drier regions of the state may represent an ecotype adapted to desert conditions.
TL;DR: This study provides evidence for an active mechanism of pheromone movement on individual social insects, and suggests that these behaviors play a significant role in the queen’s communication with her workers.
Abstract: Summary — Self-grooming resulted in the translocation of synthetic queen mandibular gland pheromone from the mouthparts and head to the abdomen of honey bee workers. The several observed grooming behaviors do not appear to function solely for pheromone translocation. Little if any, pheromone moved passively on the cuticle. This study provides evidence for an active mechanism of pheromone movement on individual social insects, and suggests that these behaviors play a significant role in the queen’s communication with her workers.
TL;DR: Cells are approximately hexagonal within a comb, but poor fit requires the insertion of pentagons, heptagons, and the use of fill and vacancies for the fusion of small combs into a single large comb.
Abstract: mdash; In comb building several festoons may begin building at independent sites. Combs are made parallel by manipulating the length of the cells but dislocated combs are incorporated into the total nest structure. Parallelism is achieved through passive application of the bee space. Cell size and orientation vary independently and are unique to each festoon and comb. Combs are joined laterally near their mid-sections and are usually out of register. Cells are approximately hexagonal within a comb, but poor fit requires the insertion of pentagons, heptagons, and the use of fill and vacancies for the fusion of small combs into a single large comb. Poor fit of adjacent combs occurred in =
TL;DR: The relationships between electrical conductivity and total and sulphated ash contents in Basque honeys Mt Sancho, S Muniategui, Mp Sánchez, Jf Huidobro, J Simal are studied.
Abstract: HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Relationships between electrical conductivity and total and sulphated ash contents in Basque honeys Mt Sancho, S Muniategui, Mp Sánchez, Jf Huidobro, J Simal
TL;DR: The degradation of oxytetracycline in honey as measured by fluorescence and liquid chromatographic assays Rj Argauer, Wa Moats.
Abstract: HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Degradation of oxytetracycline in honey as measured by fluorescence and liquid chromatographic assays Rj Argauer, Wa Moats
TL;DR: Genetics is the ultimate determining factor of caste in Melipona, and weight of last larval stage and genetics were the preponderant caste determinants.
Abstract: mdash; One hundred and eighty-three larvae of Melipona compressipes were fed with mixed food collected from 391 cells containing eggs of various ages. Nine recently provisioned cells had an average of 238 mg of food; the maximum quantity of food a cell can receive if completely full averages 308 mg. Larvae were reared in wax cups receiving 350, 300 and 240 mg of food (control). Death rate was high due to the handling of larvae. In the 350 mg group, 17 workers and 4 queens were obtained and 34 died before the pupal stage. In the 300 mg group, 39 workers and 8 queens pupated and 38 died. In all there were 56 workers and 12 queens. If quality of food were decisive in queen determination, no segregation of queens and workers should occur, as the food was a homogenized mixture. Weight of last larval stage and genetics were the preponderant caste determinants. Below 184.7 mg of last larval weight no queens are produced; above it, a 3 workers to one queen segregation was observed; we therefore conclude that genetics is the ultimate determining factor of caste in Melipona.
TL;DR: Infestation of queen cells of the honey bee (Apis mellifera macedonica) by the mite Varroa jacobsoni was studied and grafted larvae were grafted into queenless cell builders when they contained worker brood of all ages and when they had no brood.
Abstract: Summary — Infestation of queen cells of the honey bee (Apis mellifera macedonica) by the mite Varroa jacobsoni was studied. A total of 1 500 larvae were grafted into queenless cell builders: first, when they contained worker brood of all ages; second, when they had only sealed brood; and third, when they had no brood. Ten days after grafting, the sealed queen cells were opened and examined for Varroa mites. The percent acceptance of the grafted larvae was not related to the degree of colony infestation, when rearing conditions were otherwise kept similar. No mites entered queen cells in lightly infested colonies. More mites entered queen cells in heavily infested colonies that contained no worker or drone brood.
TL;DR: A synthetic membrane through which Varroa jacobsoni Oudemans, a mite parasite of honey bees, can be fed was modified in such a manner that seams could be made virtually leakproof and sacs designed to almost any configuration, which eliminated problems encountered in previous feeding studies.
Abstract: mdash; A synthetic membrane through which Varroa jacobsoni Oudemans, a mite parasite of honey bees, can be fed was modified in such a manner that seams could be made virtually leakproof and sacs designed to almost any configuration. These modifications thus eliminated problems encountered in previous feeding studies. In addition, another parasitic mite of honey bees, Acarapis woodi (Rennie), the tracheal mite, was also able to penetrate this membrane and ingest an artificial medium. Membrane modification and sac preparation are discussed in detail.
TL;DR: HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not, for teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.
Abstract: HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Correlation between the electrical conductivity of honey in humid and in dry matter Mt Sancho, S Muniategui, Jf Huidobro, J Simal
TL;DR: HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not, for teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.
Abstract: HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Effects of fluvalinate and amitraz on bee lice (Braula coeca Nitzsch) in honey bee (Apis mellifera L) colonies in Yugoslavia *, Jm Kulincevic, Te Rinderer, Vj Mladjan