Walter S. Sheppard

TL;DR: The genome sequence of the honeybee Apis mellifera is reported, suggesting a novel African origin for the species A. melliferA and insights into whether Africanized bees spread throughout the New World via hybridization or displacement.

TL;DR: The results indicate that A. mellifera originated in Africa and expanded into Eurasia at least twice, resulting in populations in eastern and western Europe that are geographically close but genetically distant.

TL;DR: This study is the first to demonstrate sub-lethal effects on worker honey bees from pesticide residue exposure from contaminated brood comb, and longer development time for bees may provide a reproductive advantage for parasitic Varroa destructor mites.

TL;DR: A mitochondrial DNA region encompassing part of the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 and isoleucine transfer RNA genes was PCR amplified, cloned, and sequenced for 14 morphometrically identified Apis mellifera subspecies and the New World "Africanized" honeybee to infer phylogenetic relationships and test hypotheses concerning subspecies origin, dispersion, and biogeography.

TL;DR: Two different genomic regions (ND2 mitochondrial gene and EF1-alpha intron) were PCR amplified, cloned and sequenced for the ten known honey bee species collected within their natural range distribution to investigate phylogenetic relationships within Apis.