Showing papers in "Atmospheric Environment in 1984"

TL;DR: There are several broad classes of mathematical models used to apportion the aerosol measured at a receptor site to its likely sources as discussed by the authors, including tracer element, linear programming, ordinary linear least squares, effective variance least squares and ridge regression.

TL;DR: Aerosols from urbanized areas of the western United States and Nigeria, as well as from rural air basins with elevated vehicular traffic, contain extractable organic matter composed mainly of petroleum residues, with subordinate waxes from vascular plants and minor polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons.

TL;DR: In this article, an effective variance weighted least squares solution to the mass balance receptor model is derived from the theory of maximum likelihood, which is one which contains the effects of random uncertainties in both the receptor concentrations and the source compositions.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors measured organic anions in 16 precipitation events sampled in central Virginia between 25 April and 1 October 1983 and estimated that organic acids contributed 18-35% of free acidity in NADP samples and 16% of organic acids in MAP3S samples.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented the total emissions of 15 elements from various anthropogenic sources in Europe, based on trace element emission factors and statistical information on the consumption of ores, rocks and fuels and the production of various types of industrial goods.

TL;DR: In this paper, a model for deposition of cloud droplets to a balsam fir forest canopy is described, which accounts for impaction and sedimentation of clouds, as well as evaporation and condensation of cloud water on canopy surfaces.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors measured ratios of aromatic compounds at Niwot Ridge, Colorado, along with ratios reported for several cities in the western United States, and estimates of transport times from these cities were used to calculate temporally and spatially averaged OH number densities.

TL;DR: In this paper, the lifetime of carbonyl sulfide (OCS) and carbon disulfide (CS2) was estimated consistent with the observed latitudinal and vertical distributions of these trace gases.

TL;DR: In this paper, a summertime study in the eastern U.S. showed that NO3− is predominantly in the coarse fraction and strong correlations between coarse NO3 and the crustal elements suggest that the NO3 is associated with entrained soil dust.

TL;DR: In this article, an improved procedure for the production of peroxyacyl nitrates (PAN's) in the gas phase was described, which allowed facile production of large amounts of gaseous PAN's for smog chamber and laboratory studies, lexicological and health effects research.

TL;DR: In this paper, a model is developed which relates the reduction in visual air quality to the chemical and physical properties of airborne aerosol particles, and the model is valid for all ranges of relative humidity.

TL;DR: In this article, the ionic balance in South Polar snow is achieved for the first time and the existence of the three strong mineral acids H 2 SO 4, HNO 3 and HCl is demonstrated.

TL;DR: In this paper, a thermodynamic equilibrium model for the quantity, composition, and physical state of atmospheric sulfate/nitrate/ammonium aerosols is presented, which is extended to include particle size.

TL;DR: In this article, a Monte Carlo model for plume dispersion in the convective boundary layer (CBL) is presented, where the vertical velocity PDF is expressed as the sum of two Gaussian distributions with different statistics, one for each phase of vertical motion.

TL;DR: In this paper, the columnar mass density of particulate sulfur on a day with a large amount of sulfur is calculated using wind vectors measured with rawins, and the optical thickness of aerosol is derived from satellite measurements of the radiance of scattered sunlight.

TL;DR: In this paper, the calculation of global SO2 emission on the basis of emission factors is made, and a roughly estimation over the whole “era of the combustion of fossil fuels” indicates a man-made emission of about 5000 Tg S 50% of the total SO 2 emission due to man's activities occur between 1970 and 2030.

TL;DR: In this article, the chemical composition of the liquid water and interstitial air in warm (> 0°C), non-precipitating stratus and strato-cumulus clouds at various locations in the eastern United States was reported.

TL;DR: In this paper, high volume air samples were collected in an urban (Columbia, SC) and rural (Savannah River Plant, South Carolina) location using a glass fiber filter followed by two plugs of polyurethane foam (PUF), and total organics were analyzed by flame ionization GC, and PAH were determined by reversed phase HPLC with fluorescence detection.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated glass fiber, quartz and Teflon filters for their ability to form artifact particulate sulfate and nitrate with SO2 and HNO3, respectively.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used geostrophic back trajectories to identify potential aerosol catchment regions, and it was shown that the atmosphere over the Tyrrhenian Sea received incursions of Saharan dust during the collection period in the autumn of 1979.

TL;DR: By means of gas chromatography with nitrogen sensitive detection and negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometric detection, 7 mononitro-PAH, 9-nitroanthracene, x-nitrosensitive, 4,5-methylene-phenanthrene, 3-nitrogenfluoranthene, 1- and 2-nitropyrene, 10-nitronz(a)anthracenes and 6-nitroidbenzo-(a)pyrene have been identied in samples of airborne particulate matter.

TL;DR: In this paper, the concentration of trace metals Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, V and Zn has been measured in atmospheric precipitation events at the middle Atlantic coast (Lewes, DE) and on the western Atlantic island of Bermuda.

TL;DR: In this article, the non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC) compositions of the exhausts from 67 vehicles in 'on the road' condition and driven through an urban driving cycle on a chassis dynamometer, have been determined.

TL;DR: In this article, the equilibrium between gaseous ammonia, nitric acid, and aerosol nitrate is discussed on the basis of a recent field experiment in southern California and a comparison is drawn between theoretical equilibrium calculations and simultaneous measurements of ionic species, temperature and dewpoint.

TL;DR: Mise en evidence de la production de sulfate dans l'eau du nuage as discussed by the authors, soit that les nitrates servent de noyaux de condensation, soit que HNO 3 soit absorbe par les gouttes des nuages

TL;DR: In this article, the absorption properties of smokes from laboratory fires that represent prescription burns in the Southern states have been quantified to relate variations in measured absorption parameters to variation in fire conditions and to estimate emission factors for elemental carbon.

TL;DR: In this paper, an Integrated Gas Phase-Aerosol sampling system was developed to determine quantitatively the volatilisation losses of organic aerosol constituents upon prolonged Hi-Vol sampling.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report the direct spectroscopic detection of gaseous nitrous acid (HONO) in exhaust emissions from certain light duty motor vehicles (LDMV).

TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the minimum uncertainty in dry deposition velocity is of the order of σw/trN where σ2w is the vertical variance and N the total number of particles used to obtain vd.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used Mg2+ as a tracer of seawater alkalinity to estimate the influence of the long range transport of marine and continental material on the composition of Amsterdam Island precipitation.