Showing papers in "Biological Psychology in 1992"

TL;DR: The steps required to analyze heart rate and respiration data are presented, ranging from data acquisition and editing to data analysis and physiological inference, and a variety of techniques are described and contrasted with recommendations for future research.

TL;DR: The theoretical background of fluctuations in heart rate and respiration and the application of existing methods in laboratory and normal working situations are discussed and data acquisition and analysis methods are presented.

TL;DR: A literature review of practical implementations of the technique in laboratory and field studies is provided and its utility as a tool in the study of mental workload and stress is evaluated.

TL;DR: The application of heart rate and respiratory measures to the human factors of flight is discussed and the concept of pilot workload is related to the idea of arousal and distinguished from physical workload.

TL;DR: Assessment of respiratory responses may be relevant for a broad variety of research areas, including studies of the physiological effects of mental load and stress, investigations of physiological correlates of emotions and affect, and research linking physiological responses to subjective distress and psychosomatic disorders.

TL;DR: The hypothesis that blood glucose levels influence memory was re-examined and the performance on two memory tests was quicker when breakfast had been taken, suggesting that the ability to retrieve memories had been facilitated.

TL;DR: In the younger group, at the two shorter ISIs, the MMN was followed by a positive wave (P3a) which is an indication of the increased activity of the orienting system in the younger subjects, in comparison to the older age group.

TL;DR: Several individual characteristics, such as heightened neuroendocrine or autonomic reactivity to stressors, Type A component behavior, and other aspects of personality, appear to be associated with an atherogenic lipid profile.

TL;DR: The potential for valuable contributions by cardiac and respiratory measures to applied research make overcoming difficulty in directly applying laboratory data and theories to the day-to-day world environment worthwhile.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors consider ventilatory indices of central drive and timing of respiration, and rhythmic cardiac-interval fluctuations as reflections of parasympathetic and sympathetic cardiac influences.

TL;DR: The results support previous findings for ERP differences between introverts and extroverts and suggest that personality type differentially influences target stimulus probability effects.

TL;DR: The tension pattern observed during sensory intake is discussed in terms of its relation to emotional expressions and motor theories of attention.

TL;DR: It is concluded that heart rate is a sensitive measure of both situational and individual determinants of performance-related distress.

TL;DR: These studies suggest the hypothesis that cholinergic activity controls constraints in all information processing operations, and alternative hypotheses are proposed and experimental tests are suggested.

TL;DR: The results are interpreted as suggesting that P2-N2 and P3 reflect different stages of the OR, one of automatic and one of capacity-limited processing.

TL;DR: The ERP results do not support the hypothesis that a decrement in performance is caused by increasing difficulty discriminating targets from nontargets, and a gradual decline in effort or resources allocated to the task might be an alternative explanation of performance deterioration.

TL;DR: In non-demented PD patients ERP peak latencies, visuo-spatial task performance and Parkinsonian motor impairment share a significant degree of variance, which suggests good pharmacological symptom control in the absence of dementia is possible.

TL;DR: It is suggested that the mechanisms mediating Type A behavior and coronary heart disease may include increased cardiovascular and neuroendocrine responses as well as unfavorable lipid profiles.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that operant conditioning may increase the P300 component of the event-related potential above a level obtained without contingent training.

TL;DR: The present research investigated the effects of a minor tranquillizer (temazepam) on P300 in a paradigm that may be relevant for traffic behaviour and indicated that P300 amplitude increased with decreasing probability of the relevant stimulus and that P 300 was most pronounced at Pz.

TL;DR: The last decade has seen some quite polemicized discussions concerning the utility of T-wave amplitude as a psychophysiological measure, but more recent reports indicate that the authors are now moving into a more empirically oriented and analytic examination of this topic.

TL;DR: Electrodermal orienting to happy and angry faces as a function of social anxiety and threat of shock is examined, and SCRs were larger to the angry face than to the happy face in both high and low socially anxious subjects.

TL;DR: The results support the construction of a serial model and the analysis of the time intervals between electrophysiological and behavioural indices allows one to infer the relative order of the different stages in this model, as follows:Motor pre-initiation, motor pre-programming, response selection and programming, and motor initiation.

TL;DR: Three independent studies are reported in which periods of "relaxation" and presumed stressors were given to female students in an ABA design, and prediction that [K+/Na+] would increase with stress induction was supported by statistically significant results.

TL;DR: Patients' premenstrual distress appears to arise mainly from chronically high autonomic activity and a decline in cortical arousal, presumably interacting with other neurophysiological fluctuations of the cycle, rather than from any psychological characteristics.

TL;DR: The results suggest that previous reports of diurnal variations in visual N100-P200 were due to variations in P200 alone, and that diurnal variation in P 200 may reflect diurnal changes in underlying arousal levels.

TL;DR: Close examination of issues argues for a skeptical view of the state of knowledge regarding the meaning of T-wave amplitude alterations.