Showing papers in "Bioresource Technology in 1999"

TL;DR: In this article, the transesterification reaction is aected by molar ratio of glycerides to alcohol, catalysts, reaction temperature, reaction time and free fatty acids and water content of oils or fats.

TL;DR: Newly developed biotechnological processes related to the exploitation of J. curcas include the genetic improvement of the plant, biological pest control, enzyme-supported oil extraction, anaerobic fermentation of the press cake and the isolation of anti-inflammatory substances and wound-healing enzymes.

TL;DR: In this paper, the potential of the fungus Aspergillus niger to remove lead, cadmium, copper and nickel ions was evaluated, and it was shown that fungal biosorption had a potential to be used in the removal of heavy metal ions from wastewaters.

TL;DR: In this paper, the transesterification of rapeseed oil by methyl alcohol can be catalysed effectively by basic alkaline-earth metal compounds: calcium oxide, calcium methoxide and barium hydroxide.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors collected 183 livestock feeds and 85 animal manure samples from commercial farms in England and Wales and analyzed to determine their heavy metal (zinc, copper, nickel, lead, cadmium, arsenic, chromium and mercury) contents.

TL;DR: The development of advanced fast pyrolysis processes for liquids production has gained much attention in the last decade, because they offer a convenient way to convert low value woody residues into liquid fuels and value-added products as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this paper, the rates of hydrolysis and biodegradability of six selected components of biowaste were determined as a function of temperature under mesophilic anaerobic conditions.

TL;DR: Bacteria are ubiquitous and destroy nematodes in virtually all soils because of their constant association in the rhizosphere, and application of some of these bacteria has given very promising results.

TL;DR: In this paper, Australian marine algae (Durvillaea potatorum and Ecklonia radiata) based biosorbents were developed and studied for their heavy metal removal properties from aqueous solutions.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of different pretreatment methods, physical (mechanical), thermal and chemical (ammonia) treatment, on the digestion of rice straw were investigated at the mesophilic temperature of 35°C.

TL;DR: The ‘potential metabolic index’ (DH-ase/WSC) enabled distinguishing between hydrolytic and maturation phases in a sewage sludge vermicomposting process.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed 10 samples of olive mill wastewater from different mills in southern Spain and other 10 of OMW sludges from evaporation ponds and found that these materials had a high potassium concentration, a similar organic matter content and notable levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and iron.

TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that small NaOH-MeOH droplets in melted beef tallow resulted in fast transesterification reaction and stable emulsion, and Misek's equation was applicable to the former case.

TL;DR: In this paper, a method was developed to enhance metal ion adsorption of soybean hulls for wastewater treatment using copper ion (Cu2+) as a typical metal ion.

TL;DR: In this paper, cattle slurries were mixed with a range of solid wastes and allowed to digest in 1-1 batch digesters, and the criteria for judging the success of a co-digestion were volatile solids reduction, total methane production and methane yield.

TL;DR: In this paper, the NO and N 2 O formation behavior of six biofuels (spruce wood, beech wood, alder wood, straw, malt waste, peat) was studied in a formation-rate unit under conditions relevant to a fluidized-bed combustor and a grate-furnace.

TL;DR: A review of 12 economic feasibility studies shows that the projected costs for biodiesel from oilseed or animal fats have a range US$0.30-0.69/l, including meal and glycerin credits.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the effects of ultrasonic pretreatment on the solubilization of waste activated sludge (WAS) and on methane generation in anaerobic digestion.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of pre-treatment of the substrate, moisture content, particle size, pH of the medium, incubation temperature, enrichment with nitrogen and carbon sources, inoculum size and the incubation period were observed for optimal production of these enzymes by the bacterial strain Bacillus subtilis (CBTK 106), isolated from banana waste.

TL;DR: In this paper, the relationship between degradation and humification processes which the organic matter underwent during the composting of six different organic-waste mixtures was investigated, including sewage sludge, sorghum bagasse and municipal solid waste.

TL;DR: In this article, coal fly ash was used as a bulking agent to increase the pH of sludge compost for 100 days and showed no significant degradation of the organic carbon and total organic carbon.

TL;DR: In this article, a field experiment was carried out to evaluate the growth of Brassica chinensis and Zea mays L. on loamy soil amended with 0, 10, 25, 50 and 75 tonnes ha−1 of manure compost.

TL;DR: In this article, cyclic carbonates were selected as novel liquefying reagents in order to establish a rapid liquefaction technique converting lignocellulosic waste into useful chemicals.

TL;DR: The growth of the freshwater microalga Scenedesmus obliquus has been studied in a mineral medium with P concentrations of between 0 and 372 μM and temperatures of 20, 25, 30 and 35°C, where growth was inhibited by the P.

TL;DR: In this article, the behavior of phosphorus during mineralization of different organic wastes in the absence and presence of epigeic earthworms was studied, and the magnitude of transformation of phosphorus from the organic to inorganic state, and thereby into available forms was found to be considerably higher in the case of earthworm-inoculated organic wastes.

TL;DR: Soybean peroxidase was catalytically slower than HRP and a larger molar quantity of SBP was usually required to remove a given quantity of phenolic substrate, and was less susceptible to permanent inactivation by hydrogen peroxide.

TL;DR: As far as solids removal, biogas production, and coliform bacteria destruction are concerned, thermophilic-mesophilic systems are recommended over the mesophobic-mesophile systems, but the increased heating energy requirement of the former system needs to be considered when comparing the economics of these two treatment systems.

TL;DR: The production of lipase by Yarrowia lipolytica 681 was enhanced significantly (P < 0.05) by olive or corn oil when used as both carbon and inducer sources and the enzyme was highly active towards synthetic triacylglycerols and olive oil.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used a mixture of vegetation water and olive husk as an efficient fuel to provide the heat for the evaporation stage, and found that about 98% of the organic load was concentrated.

TL;DR: Mixed culturing is beneficial for the economic production of cellulases on nutritionally poor agricultural residues, without the need for supplementation with expensive organic supplements.