Showing papers in "Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry in 1994"
TL;DR: A simple screening method using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and screened bacteria from 16 kinds of marine animals that lived in different environments in the sea to find 112 bacterial isolates-producing antioxidants, strongly suggesting that the bacterial production of the antioxidative compounds is a kind of adaptation to the aerobic conditions.
Abstract: We developed a simple screening method for antioxidant-producing strains using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and screened bacteria from 16 kinds of marine animals that lived in different environments in the sea to find 112 bacterial isolates-producing antioxidants. Guided by decoloration of DPPH sprayed on silica gel TLC, uric acid, indole, 3,4-dimethoxyphenol, and 3-hydroxyindolin-2-one were isolated from the bacterial fermentation broth. Some strains isolated from viscera of fish and shellfish produced uric acid and indole much more under aerobic conditions than less aerobic conditions, strongly suggesting that the bacterial production of the antioxidative compounds is a kind of adaptation to the aerobic conditions.
532 citations
TL;DR: Arg-Val-Tyr isolated from the hydrolyzate was found in the primary structure of angiotensins I, II, and III, and of des As[1]-angiotensin I.
Abstract: The ACE inhibitory activity of an alkaline protease hydrolyzate from sardine muscle did not change after being treated by gastrointestinal proteases (IC50 = 0.082 mg protein/ml). Eleven new ACE inhibitory peptides, constructed with 2 to 4 amino acid residues, were isolated from the hydrolyzate. The ACE inhibitory activity of each was mostly below 100 microM of IC50 value; the maximal inhibitory activity was observed for Lys-Trp (IC50 = 1.63 microM). The isolated peptides inhibited ACE competitively, except for Met-Tyr with non-competitive inhibition. As the result of sequence homology, Arg-Val-Tyr isolated from the hydrolyzate was found in the primary structure of angiotensins I, II, and III, and of des As[1]-angiotensin I.
242 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that hydrophobic amino acids in the sequence and amino acid at C-terminus had an important role in the inhibition of angiotensin I converting enzyme.
Abstract: Nine peptides to inhibit angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) were isolated from sake and sake lees. They were short peptides with 5 or fewer amino acid residues, and many of them had a tryptophan or tyrosine residue at the C-terminus. We synthesized the peptide fragments of IYPRY and YGGY, and measured their inhibitory activity. As a result, we have concluded that hydrophobic amino acids in the sequence and amino acid at C-terminus had an important role in the inhibition. When digested with pepsin and pancreatin, YGGY lost its inhibitory activity but IYPRY maintained its activity. YGGY and IYPRY were orally administered to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) at the dose of 100 mg/kg. YGGY didn't change the blood pressure of SHR, but IYPRY reduced their blood pressure. The hypotensive effect of IYPRY continued for 30 h after administration. Also, three dipeptides among the IYPRY fragments, IY, YP and RY, had hypotensive effects, and the effect of RY continued for 30 h after administration.
224 citations
TL;DR: Three distinct antimicrobial compounds were isolated from Brazilian propolis and were identified as 3,5-diprenyl-4-hydroxycinnamic acid, 3,2-dimethyl-6-carboxyethenyl-2H-1-benzopyran
Abstract: Three distinct antimicrobial compounds were isolated from Brazilian propolis These compounds were identified as 3,5-diprenyl-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (1), 3-prenyl-4-dihydrocinnamoloxycinnamic acid (2), and 2,2-dimethyl-6-carboxyethenyl-2H-1-benzopyran (3)The respective antimicrobial activity, expressed as MIC in μg/ml, 1–3 against Bacillus cereus was 156, 313, and 125; that against Enterobacter aerogenes was 313, 625, and 125; and that against Arthroderma benhamiae was 156, > 250, and 625 Compound 1 is likely to be one of the major antimicrobial compounds in Brazilian propolis
212 citations
TL;DR: Hokkai 269 exhibited a remarkable accumulation of Gaba in the germ and is suggested to be a very promising source for Gaba.
Abstract: The accumulation of γ-aminobutyric acid (Gaba), a well-known blood pressure-lowering compound, in the rice germ during water soaking was investigated by using ten different cultivars The amount and pattern of the Gaba accumulation varied considerably depending on the cultivar Hokkai 269 exhibited a remarkable accumulation of Gaba in the germ and is thus suggested to be a very promising source for Gaba
169 citations
TL;DR: A conventional yeast is engineered to confer a novel biosynthetic pathway for the production of beta-carotene and lycopene by introducing the bacterial carotenoid biosynthesis genes, which are individually surrounded by the promoters and terminators derived from S. cerevisiae.
Abstract: We have engineered a conventional yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, to confer a novel biosynthetic pathway for the production of β-carotene and lycopene by introducing the bacterial carotenoid biosynthesis genes, which are individually surrounded by the promoters and terminators derived from S. cerevisiae. β-Carotene and lycopene accumulated in the cells of this yeast, which was considered to be a result of the carbon flow for the ergosterol biosynthetic pathway being partially directed to the pathway for the carotenoid production.
165 citations
TL;DR: FR901228, a novel antitumor antibiotic, reversed the transformed morphology of the Ha-ras transformants, Ras-1 cells, and inhibited their growth, and was correlated with growth inhibition (G0/G1 arrest in cell cycle).
Abstract: FR901228, a novel antitumor antibiotic, reversed the transformed morphology of the Ha-ras transformants, Ras-1 cells, and inhibited their growth. The reduction of c-myc expression was observed in FR901228-treated Ras-1 cells by RNA dot-blot hybridization. This reduction of c-myc expression and morphological reversion of the transformed cells to normal were correlated with growth inhibition (G0/G1 arrest in cell cycle).
159 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors found that alcohols are useful carbon sources for its flocculant production and culture time. But they did not find that ethanol medium flocculated a wide range of suspended soils, alkaline and acid.
Abstract: Rhodococcus erythropolis strain S-1, which was isolated from soil, produces a bioflocculant. We have found that alcohols are useful carbon sources for its flocculant production. Ethanol was best for flocculant production and culture time. The bioflocculant produced on ethanol medium flocculated a wide range of suspended soils, alkaline and acid.
154 citations
TL;DR: Sulfur-containing components in an ethanol extract and boiled water extract of onion were analyzed by HPLC and PeCSO and its γ-glutamyl peptide showed a characteristic kokumi flavor by a sensory test in an umami solution containing 0.05% (w/v) each of monosodium glutamate and disodium inosinate.
Abstract: Sulfur-containing components in an ethanol extract and boiled water extract of onion (Allium cepa L.) were analyzed by HPLC. Trans-(+)-S-propenyl-l-cysteine sulfoxide (PeCSO) and its γ-glutamyl peptide (γ-Glu-PeCSO) were the major constituents in the ethanol extract, whereas cycloalliin was the most abundant one in the boiled water extract. The large amount of cycloalliin found in the boiled water extract was mostly derived from PeCSO by heating. PeCSO and γ-Glu-PeCSO showed a characteristic kokumi flavor (continuity, thickness, and mouthfulness) by a sensory test in an umami solution containing 0.05% (w/v) each of monosodium glutamate and disodium inosinate.
142 citations
TL;DR: Most fermented milk prepared by strains of Lactobacillus helveticus showed significant antihypertensive effect in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) by oral administration, however, milk fermented by other species of lactic acid bacteria did not show significant anti Hypertensive effects.
Abstract: Most fermented milk prepared by strains of Lactobacillus helveticus showed significant antihypertensive effect in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) by oral administration. However, milk fermented by other species of lactic acid bacteria did not show significant antihypertensive effects. Most of the whey fractions of the milk fermented by L. helveticus or Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus showed higher angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity than the activity of milk fermented by other species. Proteolytic activity in cell wall and peptide content of the fermented milk were higher in L. helveticus strains than other species.
136 citations
TL;DR: A new enzyme, D-tagatose 3-epimerase, was found in Pseudomonas sp.
Abstract: A new enzyme, D-tagatose 3-epimerase, was found in Pseudomonas sp. ST-24 during the course of studies on D-sorbose fermentation. This new enzyme catalyzes epimerization of keto-sugars, for example between D-tagatose and D-sorbose, and between D-fructose and D-psicose. It was shown that this enzyme epimerizes the configuration at the C-3 position of these substrates. This epimerase didn’t act on D-fructose 6-phosphate and D-ribulose 5-phosphate. The enzyme has been purified from cells grown on a medium containing 1% D-glucose and 0.05% D-tagatose, and it appeared homogeneous on electrophoresis. The enzyme has a molecular weight of about 68,000 by gel filtration and consists of two subunits identical in molecular weight (about 33,000 by SDS–PAGE). The maximum activity at 30°C was obtained at pH 7–9, and the enzyme was stable from pH 7–11. The optimum temperature was around 60°C, and it was stable up to 60°C for 10 min.
TL;DR: A new simple reactor of the tubing type was developed for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using a thin Teflon capillary tube as a tubing reactor in which the reaction mixture of PCR was driven by a pump at a constant flow rate.
Abstract: A new simple reactor of the tubing type was developed for polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A thin Teflon capillary tube was used as a tubing reactor in which the reaction mixture of PCR was driven by a pump at a constant flow rate. The sample was treated with three successive thermal stages for denaturation, annealing, and elongation of DNA and primers as a function of the position in the tube. The amplification yield was about a half of that obtained by a commercial thermocycler. Moreover, the total reaction time from 12 to 18 min, which was one-tenth of the time generally required by conventional thermocyclers using metal blocks, assured substaintial amplification of a DNA fragment. In addition, this reactor could be also used for rapid cycle-sequences. This new device will be easily incorporated into automated and rapid DNA analysis systems for DNA sequencing.
TL;DR: The TGase gene was expressed in Streptomyces lividans under a tyrosinase promoter, and found an active and mature recombinant enzyme, indicating the processing of the gene product.
Abstract: The microbial transglutaminase (TGase)-producing strain S-8112 [Agric. Biol. Chem., 53, 2613–2617 (1989)] was identified as a variant of Streptoverticillium mobaraense. We amplified a partial gene fragment by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using oligonucleotides synthesized from the amino acid sequence of TGase, and cloned the gene for TGase using the PCR amplified fragment as a probe. The gene encoded a precursor of TGase consisting of 406 amino acid residues, which comprised the prepro region of 75 amino acid residues and the mature region of 331 amino acid residues. We expressed the TGase gene in Streptomyces lividans under a tyrosinase promoter, and found an active and mature recombinant enzyme, indicating the processing of the gene product.
TL;DR: In attempts to find new sources of astaxanthin, approximately 200 strains of marine bacteria were collected from the sea near Okinawa Islands for screening and data indicated that one of the strains, Agrobacterium aurantiacum, produced (3S,3′S)-astaxanthIn.
Abstract: In attempts to find new sources of astaxanthin, approximately 200 strains of marine bacteria were collected from the sea near Okinawa Islands for screening. Silica gel TLC, VIS, EIMS, 1H-NMR, CD, and optical resolution HPLC data indicated that one of the strains, Agrobacterium aurantiacum, produced (3S,3′S)-astaxanthin and (3S,3′R)-4-ketozeaxanthin.
TL;DR: From these results, the death of microorganisms may be caused by mechanical breakage and/or physiological damage related to gas sorption and desorption by the cells.
Abstract: In order to develop a novel sterilization method for heat-sensitive materials, the disruption of microbial cells by the rapid release of gas pressure was examined under various conditions of pressure, temperature, treatment time and water content of the cells. Wet cells of baker’s yeast were completely destroyed, after the microorganisms had been saturated with CO2 gas at 40°C and 40 atm for more than 3h when the pressure was suddenly discharged. On the other hand, dry cells were poorly killed even under the same experimental conditions. In particular, N2 gas with low solubility in water had no effect on the survival ratio of the yeast. From these results, the death of microorganisms may be caused by mechanical breakage and/or physiological damage related to gas sorption and desorption by the cells.
TL;DR: The administration of IM02 or IM03, ranging in amount from 5 to 20g/day, increased human intestinal bifidobacterial number in feces and the ratio in fecal microflora within 12 days in dose-dependent manner.
Abstract: IMO, a commercially available mixture of isomaltooligosaccharides, was fractionated by preparative HPLC, and two fractions (IM02 and IM03) were obtained. IM02 contained mainly disaccharides (86.4%), which IM03 contained tri- and higher oligosaccharides (89.9%). The administration of IM02 or IM03, ranging in amount from 5 to 20g/day, increased human intestinal bifidobacteria in dose-dependent manner. An IM02 intake of 10 g/day and IM03 of 5 g/day each produced a significant increase of bifidobacterial number in feces and the ratio in fecal microflora within 12 days.
TL;DR: The structure was identified as hydroquinone-O-α-d-glucopyranoside (α-arbutin) on the bases of the secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis, the component analysis of its enzymatic hydrolysates, and the carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance analysis.
Abstract: Transglycosylation from sucrose to phenolic and related compounds by sucrose phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.7) from Leuconostoc mesenteroides was studied. The enzyme had a rather broad acceptor specificity and transferred glucosyl residue of sucrose to various acceptors such as hydroxybenzenes, hydroxybenzoic acids, benzyl alcohol, and hydroxybenzyl alcohols. The enzyme could transfer the glucosyl moiety of sucrose to phenolic OH groups and alcoholic (hydroxymethyl) OH groups, though not to carboxyl groups. The phenolic OH group was more effective than a hydroxymethyl group as the acceptor. Phenolic OH groups adjacent to hydroxyl, hydroxymethyl, or carboxyl groups had an increased effectiveness as acceptors. About 2.3 g of the purified transfer product was obtained from 2.0 g of hydroquinone. Its structure was identified as hydroquinone-O-α-d-glucopyranoside (α-arbutin) on the bases of the secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis, the component analysis of its enzymatic hydrolysates, and the carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. The browning resistance of α-arbutin to light irradiation was extremely increased compared to that of hydroquinone. The inhibitory activity on tyrosinase of α-arbutin was almost equal to that of arbutin.
TL;DR: The growth responses of a variety of human intestinal bacteria to partially hydrolyzed guar gum were investigated in vitro and in vivo and the bacterial counts and their biological manifestations appeared to return to the former state.
Abstract: The growth responses of a variety of human intestinal bacteria to partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) were investigated in vitro and in vivo. In an in vitro experiment, PHGG moderately enhanced growth of some bacterial strains including Bacteroides ovatus, Clostridium coccoides, C. butyricum, and Peptostreptococcus productus.Effects of PHGG intake (7 g/volunteer, 3 times per day, for 14 days) on fecal microflora, bacterial metabolites, and pH were investigated using nine healthy human volunteers. The count of Bifidobacterium spp. and the percentage of these species in the total count increased significantly during the PHGG intake periods. Among the acid-forming bacteria, Lactobacillus spp. also increased. The fecal pH and fecal bacterial metabolites such as β-glucuronidase activity, putrefactive products, and ammonia content were significantly decreased by PHGG intake. Two weeks after the end of PHGG intake, the bacterial counts and their biological manifestations appeared to return to the former state.
TL;DR: It is suggested that chitosan has potency for interfering with fat digestion and absorption in the intestinal tract, and for facilitating the excretion of dietary fat into the feces.
Abstract: We investigated the effects of various dietary fibers or their likenesses on the apparent fat digestibility by rats fed on a high-fat diet. Each of 23 different fibers was added at 5% (w/w) to a purified diet containing 20% (w/w) corn oil. The rats were fed these diets for 2 weeks, and the feces were collected from each animal during the last 3 days. When compared with cellulose (control), 10 of the tested fibers significantly increased the fecal lipid excretion. Among these fibers, chitosan markedly increased the fecal lipid excretion and reduced the apparent fat digestibility to about a half relative to the control. The apparent protein digestibility was not greatly affected by chitosan. The fatty acid composition of the fecal lipids closely reflected that of the dietary fat. These results suggest that chitosan has potency for interfering with fat digestion and absorption in the intestinal tract, and for facilitating the excretion of dietary fat into the feces.
TL;DR: A recombinant chymosin was secreted at high levels using fusion genes with A. oryzae glucoamylase gene and a wheat bran solid-state culture system and western blot analysis indicated that the mature chymOSin was released from the secreted fusion protein by autocatalytic processing.
Abstract: A recombinant chymosin was secreted at high levels using fusion genes with A oryzae glucoamylase gene (glaA) and a wheat bran solid-state culture system Two portions of the A oryzae glucoamylase, one with almost the entire glucoamylase (GA1-603) lacking 9 amino acids at the carboxyl terminal, and the other (GA1-511) lacking the starch binding-domain, were fused in frame with prochymosin cDNA Western blot analysis indicated that the mature chymosin was released from the secreted fusion protein by autocatalytic processing The transformant harboring the GA1-511-prochymosin construct showed about 5-fold chymosin production of the transformant in which the chymosin gene was directly expressed under the control of the glaA promoter in submerged culture Moreover, wheat bran solid-state culture gave about 500-fold higher yield of the chymosin (approximately 150 mg/kg wheat bran) compared with the submerged culture
TL;DR: The rates for triacylglycerol transport at 2–3 h and for cholesterol transport by chylomicrons at 3–4 h of the experimental period in rats infused with the diacyl glycerol emulsion were significantly lower than the corresponding values in the rats infusion with the Triacyl Glycerol Emulsion.
Abstract: Lymph fistula rats were continuously infused with emulsions containing diacylglycerol consisting of 1,3-species (65.6%), 1(or 3),2-species (32.6%), and triacylglycerol (rapeseed oil) at the rate of 3ml/h for 1 h through a cannula inserted into the stomach. The lymph fluids were collected every hour for 5 h after starting the infusion of the lipid emulsions, and the lymph chylomicrons were isolated, purified and analyzed. Test emulsions were prepared to provide the same amount of fatty acids (144mg/h) as that in these acylglycerols. The rates for triacylglycerol transport at 2–3 h and for cholesterol transport by chylomicrons at 2–3 h and 3–4 h of the experimental period in rats infused with the diacylglycerol emulsion were significantly lower than the corresponding values in the rats infused with the triacylglycerol emulsion. As a consequence, the cumulative value for triacylglycerol transport at the end of the experimental period in rats infused with the diacylglycerol emulsion was significantly lower th...
TL;DR: Alginate lyase-lysate (A.L.L., Algin-Oligo(®)), which had been prepared by degrading sodium alginate by alginates lyase, was found to have a growth-promoting effect on the elongation of barley roots, and especially that of the radicle.
Abstract: Alginate lyase-lysate (A.L.L., Algin-Oligo(®)), which had been prepared by degrading sodium alginate by alginate lyase, was found to have a growth-promoting effect on the elongation of barley roots, and especially that of the radicle, the effective concentration of A.L.L. for elongation of the roots being 100-3000 μg/ml, with no inhibition at the highest concentration. When a radicle was brought into contact with A.L.L., it responded by initiating elongation within 2 to 4h. The elongation rate increased from 2.9mm/h to 5.3mm/h. Treatment with A.L.L. resulted in about a 2-fold increase in the alcohol dehydrogenase activity of the control under hypoxic conditions.
TL;DR: In this paper, products of strawberry jam prepared by a high hydrostatic pressure-processing method and a conventional heat processing method were examined with regard to the changes of quality such as volatile flavor components, anthocyanins, browning index, furfural, sucrose contents, and vitamin C contents during storage at 5°C and 25°C for 1-3 months.
Abstract: Products of strawberry jam prepared by a high hydrostatic pressure-processing method and a conventional heat-processing method were examined with regard to the changes of quality such as volatile flavor components, anthocyanins, browning index, furfural, sucrose contents, and vitamin C contents during storage at 5°C and 25°C for 1–3 months. The quality of pressure-processed jam immediately after manufacturing was superior to that of heat-processed jam in preserving the fresh flavor and natural color of raw fruits. The superior quality was maintained under low temperature storage for two to three months. However, room temperature storage resulted in rapid deterioration including off-flavor, discoloration, browning, and decomposition of sucrose and vitamin C. So, the commercial value of pressure-processed jam decreased within a brief period. On the other hand, heat-processed jam did not change in quality under room temperature storage for three months. It is supposed that dissolved oxygen and enzyme systems...
TL;DR: In this paper, the use of N-acetylneuraminic acid, sialyl-lactose, and glyco-macropeptide by bifidobacteria and lactobacilli was investigated.
Abstract: The use of N-acetylneuraminic acid, sialyl-lactose, and glyco-macropeptide by bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, and their growth-promoting effects on B. longum, B. breve, B. bifidum, and B. infantis were investigated. The data presented here suggest that fortification with N-acetylneuraminic acid-containing substances of infant formula may provide formula-fed infants with a function that human milk possesses.
TL;DR: Two chitin synthase genes, designated chsA and chsB, were isolated from Aspergillus nidulans with the Saccharomyces cerevisiae CHS2 gene as the hybridization probe, and northern analysis indicated that both genes were transcribed, suggesting that cellular chit in A. niduans is synthesized by at least two chitIn synthases.
Abstract: Two chitin synthase genes, designated chsA and chsB, were isolated from Aspergillus nidulans with the Saccharomyces cerevisiae CHS2 gene as the hybridization probe. Nucleotide sequencing showed that chsA and chsB encoded polypeptides consisting of 1013 and 916 amino acid residues, respectively; the hydropathy profiles of the enzymes were similar to those of other fungal chitin synthases. Northern analysis indicated that both genes were transcribed, suggesting that cellular chitin in A. nidulans is synthesized by at least two chitin synthases. For examination of the roles of the chitin synthase genes in cell growth, gene disruption experiments were done. The chsA disruptant grew as well as the wild-type strain, but the chsB disruptant had severe growth defects that could not be overcome by the addition of 1.2M sorbitol as an osmotic stabilizer. These findings suggested that chsB but not chsA is essential for hyphal growth.
TL;DR: The partial amino acid sequence of this fish TGase showed divisionally significant similarity to TGase from guinea pig liver, and the enzyme catalyzed the cross-linking of myosin heavy chain obtained from Alaska pollack, resulting in gelation of an actomyosin solution.
Abstract: A tissue-type transglutaminase (TGase) was purified from liver tissue of the red sea bream, Pagrus major, by ion-exchange chromatography and heparin-Sepharose affinity chromatography. Its activity was assessed using a fluorometric assay to measure the incorporation of monodansylcadaverine into N,N'-dimethyl casein. The molecular mass of purified TGase was estimated to be 78 kDa by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme required Ca2+ to express its activity, although 10 mM Sr2+ also activated the enzyme fully. TGase activity was maximal at pH 9.0-9.5, and the enzyme was strongly inhibited by sulfhydryl reagents. The purified enzyme catalyzed the cross-linking of myosin heavy chain obtained from Alaska pollack, resulting in gelation of an actomyosin solution. The partial amino acid sequence of this fish TGase showed divisionally significant similarity to TGase from guinea pig liver.
TL;DR: An extracellular, novel alkaline lipase produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens AK102 was purified by ultrafiltration, ammonium sulfate precipitation, and DEAE- Toyopearl 650M and Phenyl-ToyopearL 650M column chromatographies and was characteristically stable.
Abstract: An extracellular, novel alkaline lipase produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens AK102 was purified by ultrafiltration, ammonium sulfate precipitation, and DEAE-Toyopearl 650M and Phenyl-Toyopearl 650M column chromatographies. The purified enzyme was homogeneous on SDS-PAGE. The molecular weight was estimated to be about 33,000 by SDS-PAGE. The isoelectric point was pH 4.0 by isoelectric focusing. The pH stability was 4 to 10 and the optimum pH was 8 to 10. The optimum temperature was 55 degrees C and the enzyme was stable below 50 degrees C. The enzyme unspecifically liberated short chain to long chain fatty acids from p-nitrophenyl esters, methyl esters, and triglycerides. In the presence of an anionic surfactant, the enzyme was characteristically stable. These results suggested that the enzyme can be used as a home laundry product ingredient.
TL;DR: A long-chain n-alkane-using microorganism was isolated from a soil sample, and was identified to belong to genus Acinetobacter, which could grow on the solid hydrocarbons without addition of any detergents.
Abstract: A long-chain n-alkane-using microorganism was isolated from a soil sample, and was identified to belong to genus Acinetobacter. This strain, Acinetobacter sp. strain M-1, grew on n-alkanes ranging in carbon length from C13 to C44 as a sole carbon source. This strain could grow on the solid hydrocarbons without addition of any detergents. The growth and the hydrocarbon use were enhanced by the addition of a surface active agent, Plysurf A210G.
TL;DR: The solubility of both hesperidin mono and diglucoside in water was about 300 times higher than that of hes peridin, and they were found to have a stabilizing effect on the yellow pigment crocin, from fruits of Gardenia jasminoides, against ultraviolet radiation.
Abstract: Cyclodextrin glucanotransferase [1,4-α-d-glucan 4-α-d-(1,4-glucano)-transferase, cyclizing; CGTase, EC 2.4.1.19] from an alkalophilic Bacillus species produced hesperidin monoglucoside and a series of its oligoglucosides by the transglycosylation reaction with hesperidin as an acceptor and soluble starch as a donor. The formation of the glycosides was more effective at alkaline pHs than at neutral or acidic pHs, because of higher solubility of the acceptor.The structure of the purified monoglucoside was identified as 4G-α-d-glucopyranosyl hesperidin by FAB-MS, α-, β-glucosidase and glucoamylase treatments, and methylation analysis.The solubility of both hesperidin mono and diglucoside in water was about 300 times higher than that of hesperidin, and they were found to have a stabilizing effect on the yellow pigment crocin, from fruits of Gardenia jasminoides, against ultraviolet radiation.
TL;DR: In this article, both salt-soluble and salt-insoluble fractions of wheat flour have allergenicity, but their treatment with actinase, collagenase, and transglutaminase produced hypoallergenic flour.
Abstract: Both salt-soluble and salt-insoluble fractions of wheat flour have allergenicity, but their treatment with actinase, collagenase, and transglutaminase produced hypoallergenic flour. In detail, hard flour and soft flour were mixed with water containing either of these enzymes and then incubated at 20°C to obtain hypoallergenic flour products. Minimum amounts of the enzymes necessary to minimize the allergenicity were lower in soft flour than in hard flour, and in this sense the former was the best material. The product resulting from the treatment with collagenase or transglutaminase retained some high-molecular-weight proteinaceous components, suggesting that for food processing these may be preferable to the product resulting from the treatment with actinase.