Showing papers in "China journal of Chinese materia medica in 2010"
TL;DR: The HPLC method is simple, accurate and repeatable, and can be used in content determination of jatrorrhizine, palmatine, berberine, and obacunone in Phellodendri Amurensis Cortex.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE To develop a HPLC method to determine the content of jatrorrhizine, palmatine, berberine, and obacunone in Phellodendri Amurensis Cortex simultaneously. MEHTOD: The separations were carried out at 25 degrees C on a Phenomenex Gemini C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) eluted with acetonitril and water containing 0.1% phosphoric acid in gradient mode. The flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1), detection wavelengthes were 345 nm for jatrorrhizine , palmatine, berberine and 210 nm for obacunone. RESULT The average recoveries of jatrorrhizine, palmatine, berberine, and obacunone were 98.94%, 101.17%, 96.22% and 98.90%, respectively. CONCLUSION The method is simple, accurate and repeatable, and can be used in content determination of jatrorrhizine, palmatine, berberine, and obacunone in Phellodendri Amurensis Cortex.
28 citations
TL;DR: The column chromatography on silica gel, sephadex LH-20 preparative HPLC were used to separate and purify the compounds from the stems of Dendrobium candidum to elucidate their structures on the basis of spectroscopic data and physicochemical properties.
Abstract: The column chromatography on silica gel, sephadex LH-20 preparative HPLC were used to separate and purify the compounds from the stems of Dendrobium candidum Twenty compounds were isolated and identified as 3,4'-dihydroxy-5-methoxybibenzyl(1), dihydroresveratrol(2), dendromoniliside E(3), denbinobin(4),2,4,7-trihydroxy-9, 10-dihydrophenanthrene(5), aduncin(6), (-)-loliolide(7), adenosine(8), uridine(9), guanosine(10), sucrose(11), 5-hydroxymethyl-furaldehyde(12), n-octacostyl ferulate(13), defuscin(14), n-triacontyl cis-p-coumarate(15), daucosterol(16), beta-sitosterol(17), hexadecanoic acid(18), hentriacontane(19), and heptadecanoic acid(20) Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data and physicochemical properties All of the compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time
26 citations
TL;DR: Compounds 7, 12 were isolated from A. catechu for the first time, and compounds 4, 9-11 wereisolated from the genus Acacia for thefirst time.
Abstract: Objective To study the chemical constituents of Chinese medicine Acacia catechu. Method Isolation and purification were carried out on normal phase silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, ODS column chromatography etc. Constituents were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral analysis. Result Twelve compounds were identified as 4-hydroxybenzoic acid( 1), kaempferol (2), quercetin (3), 3,4',7-trihydroxyl-3', 5-dimethoxyflavone (4), catechin (5), epicatechin (6), afzelechin (7), epiafzelechin (8), mesquitol(9), ophioglonin (10), aromadendrin (11), and phenol (12). Conclusion Compounds 7, 12 were isolated from A. catechu for the first time, and compounds 4, 9-11 were isolated from the genus Acacia for the first time.
24 citations
TL;DR: Berberine is able to reduce inflammatory cytokines expression and inhibit activation of IKK-beta (ser181) in obese mice, which may partly explain the therapeutic effect of berberine on insulin resistance and abnormal glucose metabolism.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of berberine on serum levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and adiponectin in obese mice induced by high fat diet and its potential molecular mechanisms. METHOD Normal male Kunming mice were randomly divided into two groups taking normal chow (NC, n = 10) and high fat diet (HF, n = 30), respectively. After 13 weeks, HF mice were continuously given high fat diet and divided into three groups, model group (BM), low-dosage of berberine group (BL) and high-dosage of berberine group (BH). Mice in BL and BH were administered berberine by gavage at the dosage of 50 mg x kg(-1) and 150 mg x kg(-1), respectively. Two weeks later, oral glucose tolerance test was performed. At the end of the experiment, the mice were killed and blood samples were collected. The epididymal fat tissue and liver were removed promptly and weighed. The serum cytokine was measured by ELISA. The levels of IkappaB kinase beta (IKK-beta) and IKK-beta (ser181) were detected by Western blotting. RESULT Serum levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6 in mice of BM were significantly higher than those in NC (P < 0.05). After two-week treatment of berberine, serum levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6 in BL and BH were lower than those in BM (P < 0.05, respectively). However, there were no significant difference of adiponectin among four groups. The degrees of phosphorylation of IKK-beta (ser181) were decreased in liver and adipose tissue in BH in comparison to that in BM, although the expression of total IKK-beta did not change. Furthermore, the glucose tolerance was improved, while the body weight and epididymal fat were reduced in mice treated with berebrine. 9: Berberine is able to reduce inflammatory cytokines expression and inhibit activation of IKK-beta (ser181) in obese mice, which may partly explain the therapeutic effect of berberine on insulin resistance and abnormal glucose metabolism.
20 citations
TL;DR: Compounds 1-7 and 10a-10e are obtained from Z. officinale for the first time, and compound 10f is a new compound.
Abstract: Objective To investigate the chemical constituents from the rhizomes of Zingiber officinale. Method Isolation and purification of the chemical constituents were carried out on the column chromatography of silica gel and Sephadex LH-20. The structures were elucidated on basis of physicochemical properties and spectral data. Result Ten compounds were isolated and identified as beta-sitosterol palmitate (1), isovanillin (2), glycol monopalmitate (3), hexacosanoic acid 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester (4), maleimide-5-oxime (5), p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (6), adenine (7), 6-gingerol (8), 6-shogaol (9), and 1-(omega-ferulyloxyceratyl) glycerols (10a-10f). Conclusion Compounds 1-7 and 10a-10e are obtained from Z. officinale for the first time, and compound 10f is a new compound.
18 citations
TL;DR: The chemical constituents from the ethanol extract of L. lucidum were isolated and purified by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, ODS column chromatographic methods, and their structures were identified on the basis of spectroscopic data and physico-chemical properties.
Abstract: Objective To study the chemical constituents from the fruits of Ligustrum lucidum. Method The chemical constituents from the ethanol extract of L. lucidum were isolated and purified by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, ODS column chromatographic methods. Their structures were identified on the basis of spectroscopic data and physico-chemical properties. Result Twenty compounds were isolated and identified as oleanolic acid (1), crategolic acid (2), acetyl oleanolic acid (3), lupeol (4), betulin (5), dammarenediol-II (6), 3beta-acetyl-20, 25-epoxydammarane-24alpha-ol (7), 25-epoxydammarane-3beta, 24alpha-diol (8), dammar-24-ene-3beta-acetyl-20S-ol) (9), 20S, 24R-dammarane-25-ene-24-hydroperoxy-3beta, 20-diol (10), fouquierol (11), oliganthas A (12), dammarenediol II 3-O-palmitate (13), ocotillol II 3-O-palmitate (14), (E) -25-hydroperoxydammar-23-ene-3beta,20-diol (15), verbascoside (16), cimidahurinine (17), 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-ethyl-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (18), osmanthuside H (19), 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) ethanol (20). Conclusion Compounds 4, 16,17, 19 were isolated from this plant for the first time, andcompounds 12-15 were isolated from this genus for the first time.
18 citations
TL;DR: The result of activity screening indicate that succinic and syringic acid have bacteriostasis to bacillus subtilis.
Abstract: Objective To study the constituents of Kalimeris indica and its bioactivity. Method The constituents were isolated by various chromatographic techniques and their structures were elucidated by their physicochemical properties and the spectral data analysis. Use the disk diffusion method, see whether a sample can produce inhibition zone and its round size, semi-quantitatively evaluate the samples antimicrobial activity. Result Eight compounds were isolated and identified as succinic acid (1), glycerolmonopalmitate (2), protocatechuic acid (3), uracil (4), syringic acid (5), protocatechuic acid methyl ester (6), esculetin (7), medicagenic acid (8). The result of activity screening indicate that succinic and syringic acid have bacteriostasis to bacillus subtilis. Conclusion All Compounds were isolated from the genus Kalimeris for the first time, succinic acid (1) and syringic acid (5) have bacteriostasis to bacillus subtilis.
17 citations
TL;DR: Compounds 7-12 were isolated from A. katsumadai for the first time and compound 4 has the activity of anti-tumor and NF-kappaB activation inhibition, compounds 1-3 have the activity NF-KB activation inhibition.
Abstract: Objective To study the chemical constituents from the seeds of A. katsumadai, and their inhibition on NF-kappaB activation and antitumor effect. Method Tweleve compounds were isolated from the seeds of Aplinia katsumadai on repeated column chromatography on silica gel, and Sephadex LH-20, and their structures were determined mainly by means of MS and NMR techniques; and their inhibition on NF-kappaB activation and antitumor effect were also tested by High-Content Screening (image-based) with immunofluorescent probe and MTT method, respectively. Result From the EtOAC fraction of the seeds of A. katsumadai 12 compounds were isolated and identified as follows: (3S,5S)-trans-3,5-dihydroxy-1 ,7-diphenyl-hept-1-ene (1), (3R,5S)-trans-3,5-dihydroxy-1,7-diphenyl-hept-1-ene (2), 5-hydroxy-1,7-diphenyl-hepta-6-en-3-one (3), cardamonin (4), alpinetin(5), pinocembrin(6), pinostrobin(7), naringenin (8), (+)-catechin(9), chrysin(10), rutin(11) and 2,4- dihydroxy-6-phenethl-benzinic acid methyl ester (12). Compound 14 showed inhibitory effect on NF-kappaB activation with the IC50 values as 14.8, 16.5, 23.2 and 7. 5 micromol x L(-1), respectively. Compound 4 displayed cytotoxicity against leukemia K562 cells and human hepatoma cell line SMMC-7721 with IC50 values as 3.2 and 3.5 mg x L(-1), and compound 6 showed moderate cytotoxicity against SMMC-7721 with the IC50 value as 18.3 mg x L(-1). Conclusion Compounds 7-12 were isolated from A. katsumadai for the first time and Compound 12 were isolated from the genus Aplinia for the first time; compound 4 has the activity of anti-tumor and NF-kappaB activation inhibition, compounds 1-3 have the activity NF-KB activation inhibition.
16 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The chemical constituents from seeds of Paeonia sufruticosa were studied to study their physico-chemical properties and spectral data were employed to elucidate their structures.
Abstract: Objective To study the chemical constituents from seeds of Paeonia sufruticosa. Method Various chromatographic techniques were used to isolate and purify the constituents, their physico-chemical properties and spectral data were employed to elucidate their structures. Result Thirteen compounds were isolated and identified as: paeoniflorin (1), oxypaeoniflorin (2), 6'-O-beta-D-glucopyranosylalbiflorin (3), 8-debenzoylpaeoniflorin (4), 8-debenzoylpaeonidanin (5), 1-O-beta-D-glucopyranosylpaeonisuf-frone (6), 1-O-beta-D-ethyl-mannopyranoside (7), sucrose (8), luteolin (9), apigenin (10), benzoic acid (11) and 1-0-beta-D-(4-hydroxybenzoyl) glucose (12). Conclusion compounds 2, 4-6 were isolated from this plant for the first time, compounds 7 and 12 were isolated from the family of Paeoniaceae for the first time.
16 citations
TL;DR: Aloe vera extract has protective effects on mitochondria of neuronal cells and rat brain and the mechanism of its neuroprotection is studied.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of Aloe vera extract (AV) on mitochondria in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells and rat brain and to study the mechanism of its neuroprotection. METHOD After treatment, the morphology of PC12 cells was observed under microscope, the activity of mitochondria in PC12 cells was measured by MTT method, and the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in PC12 cells was detected by JC-1 method. The mitochondrial function in rat brain was detected by resazurin method. The production of malondialdehyd (MDA) in rat brain mitochondria was tested by thiobarbaturic acid (TBA) assay. RESULT AV could improve mitochondrial damage induced by azide sodium (NaN3) in PC12 cells. The viability of PC12 cells treated with NaN364 mmol x L(-1) for 4 h decreased by 47.8%, and AV at 1 and 10 mg x L(-1) could respectively increase the viability of NaN3-treated cells by 16.7% (P < 0.05) and 22.3% (P < 0.01). MMP in PC12 cells in AV 1 and 10 mg x L(-1) group was significantly higher than that of NaN3-treated group (P < 0.05). AV also protected the structure and function of mitochondria in rat brain. AV at 10 mg x L(-1) had protective effect on mitochondria function impair induced by NaN3 (P < 0.01). AV 1 and 10 mg x L(-1) markedly inhibited the lipid peroxidation of brain mitochondria induced by Fe2+ -cysteine (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION AV has protective effects on mitochondria of neuronal cells and rat brain.
14 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the root root of lodes cirrhosa Turcz was identified by using a combination of various chromatographic techniques including column chromatography over silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and C-18, as well as reversed-phase HPLC.
Abstract: Objective To investigate chemical constituents of Iodes cirrhosa. Method Constituents were isolated by using a combination of various chromatographic techniques including column chromatography over silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and C-18, as well as reversed-phase HPLC. Structures of the isolates were identified by spectroscopic and chemical methods. Result Twenty-four compounds were obtained from a H2O-soluble portion of an ethanolic extract of the root of lodes cirrhosa Turcz. Structures of the isolates were identified as (-)-(7R,8S,7'E) -4,7,9,9'-tetrahydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxy-8,4'-oxyneolign-7'-ene-9'-O-beta-D-glucopyra-noside (1), (-)-(7S,8S,7'E)-4,7,9,9'-tetrahydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxy-8,4'-oxyneolign-7'-ene-9'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside(2), (+)-(7S,8S)-syringylglycerol 8-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), (+)-(7S, 8S)-guaiacylglycerol 8-O-P-D-glucopyranoside (4), (-)-(7S, 8S)-4,7,9, 9'-tetrahydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxy-8,4'-oxyneolignan-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (5),(-)-alaschanisoside A (6), (-)-(2R)-1-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-2-(2-methoxy-4-[1-(E)-propen-3-ol] phenoxyl propane-3-ol(7), (-)-(2R)-1-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-2-{2,6-dimethoxy-4-[1-(E)-propen-3-ol] phenoxyl} propane-3-ol(8), (-)-liriodendrin(9), (-)-(7S, 8R)-guaiacylglycerol 9-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside(10), (-)-(7R, 8R)-guaiacylglycerol 9-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside(11),(-)-(7R,8R)-syringylglycerol 9-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside(12), (-)-(7R,8R)-guaiacylglycerol 7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside(13), (-)-11,13-dihydrodeacylcynaropicrin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside(14), (-)-sweroside (15), (-)-2-hydroxy-5-(2-hydroxyethyl) phenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside(16), (-)-(1'R)-1'-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl) ethane-1',2'-diol-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside(17), (-)-tachioside(18), (-)-3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside(19), (-)-3-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-propanone-3-O-beta-D-glucopy ranoside(20), (-)-2-methoxy4-(1-propionyl) phenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside(21), (-)-4-propionyl-3, 5-dimethoxyphenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside(22), erigeside C(23), and scopoletin beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside(24). Conclusion Compounds 1-24 were obtained from the genus for the first time.
TL;DR: Investigation of the proliferation effects and apoptosis induction of cryptotanshinone on Hela cell line of cervical cancer found it had significant cytotoic and radiosensitization effects on cervical cancer Hela cells.
Abstract: Objective To investigate the proliferation effects and apoptosis induction of cryptotanshinone on Hela cell line of cervical cancer. Method The MTT assay was used to detect the growth inhibition rates of Hela cells at 24, 48, 72 h which cultured with cryptotanshinone in different concentrations. The cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry. The protein expressions of E6, p53 and p21 were studied by Western blot. Result The different concentrations (0.5-16 mg x L(-1)) of cryptotanshinone had cytotoxicity on Hela cells, which were clearly dose and time-dependent. The IC50 of 24, 48, 72 h were 17.8, 8.17, 6.55 mg x L(-1), respectively. Cells were treated with cryptotanshinone which had significant effects on cell cycle of Hela cell, and induced apoptosis. Western blot showed cryptotanshinone decreased expressions of HPV E6 and increased expressions of p53 and p21 proteins. Conclusion Cryptotanshinone had significant cytotoic and radiosensitization effects on cervical cancer Hela cells. One of the mechanism may be that it might make significant G0/G1 phase arrest and induced apoptosis, a decrease in S phase, and restore the function of p53 to induce apoptosis in Hela cells to kill the tumor cell.
TL;DR: Thirteen compounds were isolated from S. macrosperma and were characterized as norbellidifolin, 1-hydroxy-3,7, 8-trimethoxy-xanthone, swertianolin, and swertiamatin, together with beta-sitosterol, daucosterol and oleanolic acid.
Abstract: Objective To study the chemical constituents of Swertia macrosperma. Method The air-dried whole plants of Swertia macrosperma were extracted with boiling water. The extract was concentrated to a small amount of volume and extracted with petroleum ether, EtOAc and n-BuOH, successively. The compounds were isolated and purified by column chromatography from the EtOAc fraction, and identified based on spectral analyses (MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR). Result Thirteen compounds were isolated from S. macrosperma, and were characterized as norbellidifolin (1), 1-hydroxy-3,7, 8-trimethoxy-xanthone (2), norswertianolin (3), swertianolin (4), 1,3,7,8-tetrahydroxyxanthone-8-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (5), swertiamatin (6), decentapicrin (7), coniferl aldehyde (8), sinapaldehyde (9), balanophonin (10), together with beta-sitosterol, daucosterol, and oleanolic acid . Conclusion Compounds 2, 4-10 were obtained from Swertia macrosperma for the first time.
TL;DR: The chemical constituents in the roots of Pueraria lobata were studied to study the structure and various chromatographic methods were employed to separate of chemical constituents and the spectroscopic methods were used to elucidate the structure.
Abstract: Objective To study the chemical constituents in the roots of Pueraria lobata Method Various chromatographic methods were employed to separate of chemical constituents and the spectroscopic methods were used to elucidate the structure Result Twenty-two compounds were isolated and characterized as beta-sitosterol palmitate (1), beta-sitosterol (2), lupeol (3), lupeone (4) , puerarol (5), diisobutyl phthalate (6), bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (7), sophoracoumestan A (8), coumestrol (9), allantion (10), dadzein (11), formononetin (12), 3'-methoxy daidzein (13), ononin (14), 3'-hydroxy dadzein (15), genistin (16), dadzin (17), 8-methoxy ononin (18), sissotorin (19), (-)-puerol B 2-O-glucopyranoside (20), (6S,9R)-roseoside (21) and sucrose (22), respectively Conclusion Compounds 1, 5-8, 15, 18, 21 and 22 were isolated from P lobata for the first time, and componds 1, 5-7, 15, 18, 21 and 22 were isolated from the genus Pueraria for the first time
TL;DR: In this paper, the chemical constituents of the flowers of Chrysanthemum indicum were investigated by various column chromatographic methods and the structures of the structures were identified by spectral data.
Abstract: Objective To investigate the chemical constituents of the flowers of Chrysanthemum indicum Method The chemical constituents were isolated by various column chromatographic methods The structures were identified by spectral data Result Twelve compounds were isolated and identified as acacetin (1), tricin (2), 2',4'-dihydroxychalcone(3), 5-hydroxy-4',7-dimethoxyflavon(4),7hydroxyflavonone (5), isorhamnetin (6),5,6,7-trihydroxy- 3',4', 5'-trimethoxyflanon (7 ), quercetin (8) , (3 beta, 5 alpha, 6 beta, 7 beta, 14 beta)-eudesmen-3,5,6,11-tetrol (9), syringaresinol (10), liriodendrin (11), and genkwanin (12) Conclusion Compounds 3-7, 10-12 were isolated from this species for the first time, and compounds 3, 5, 7, 10, 11 were obtained from genus Chrysanthemum for the first time
TL;DR: The hemostatic effect of C. nudiflora may be related to the activation of the intrinsic blood coagulation system and compounds 1, 3, 5, 6, 7 and 9 had been isolated from this plant for the first time.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE To study the hemostatic effect of chemical constituents from Callicarpa nudiflora. METHOD The chemical constituents were isolated and purified via silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectral analysis. prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT) and fibrinogen (FIB) of the constituents rabbit blood samples were tested with rabbit blood in vitro. RESULT Eleven compounds were isolated and identified as two diterpenens: 7alpha-hydroxy sandaracopimaric acid (1), 16, 17-dihydroxy-3-oxophyllocladane (2). Two phenoic glycosides: acteoside (3), samioside(4). Three triterpenes: 2alpha, 3alpha, 24-trihydroxy-ursa-12-en-28-oic acid (5), 2alpha, 3alpha, 19alpha-trihydroxyursa-12-en-28-oic acid-28-0-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (6), and 2alpha, 3alpha, 19alpha, 23-tetrahydroxy-ursa-12-en-28-oic acid-28-0-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (7). Four flavones: rhamnazin (8), 5-Hydroxy-3, 7, 4'-trimethoxy-flavone (9) , 5-Hydroxy-3, 7, 3', 4'-tetramethoxyflavone (10), and luteoloside (11). All Compounds cannot significantly shorten the PT (P < 0.01), compounds 3, 4, 7, 10 can remarkedly increase APTT (P < 0.01), compound 5 can prolong the T( P < 0.01) obviously, and compound 8 can significantly increase the contents of FIB (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Compounds 2, 4 and 10 were isolated from this genus for the first time, and compounds 1, 3, 5, 6, 7 and 9 had been isolated from this plant for the first time. The hemostatic effect of C. nudiflora may be related to the activation of the intrinsic blood coagulation system.
TL;DR: Quercetin and hyperoside were the principle active components inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase in Hawthorn fruit, and there were synergistic action among them.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE To study the hypolipidemic active compounds from Crataegus pinnatifida and mechanism of action of those METHOD Guided by the inhibitory activity to HMG-CoA reductase, the active compounds were separated and purified with macroporous resin and silica gel RESULT Four active compounds were obtained, which were quercetin, hyperoside, rutin and chlorogenic acid, the sum of their inhibitory rate was 5001%, and the total inhibitory rate of the mixture of four active compounds matched was 7948% CONCLUSION Quercetin and hyperoside were the principle active components inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase in Hawthorn fruit, and there were synergistic action among them
TL;DR: SMEDDS can effectively improve the oral bioavailability of patchoulic alcohol in rats by using self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems using central composite design-response surface methodology.
Abstract: Objective To improve the oral bioavailability of patchoulic alcohol in rats by using self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS). Method Patchoulic alcohol was separated and purified from patchoulic oil, and the SMEDDSs including patchoulic alcohol or patchoulic oil were optimized by pseudo-ternary phase diagrams via central composite design-response surface methodology. Pharmacokinetics of both SMEDDSs and patchoulic alcohol itself in rats were investigated. Result The patchoulic alcohol SMEDDS (Cremophor EL-Tween 80-PEG 400-isopropyl myristate-patchoulic alcohol, 2:2:0.8:1.95:0.65) was considered as the optimized formulation. The mean drop size of the system was 30. 1 nm after diluted 100 folds in water. The average self-microemulsifying time was 142 s. Patchoulic alcohol SMEDDS and patchoulic oil SMEDDS showed no signficant difference in Tmax compared with patchoulic alcohol with around 60 minutes, while the AUCs of both SMEDDSs (2001 745.6 +/- 329 663.6) and (1594 005.6 +/- 280 150.3) microg x min x L(-1) were significantly higher than that of patchoulic alcohol (1 163 153.3 +/- 232 324.3) microg x min x L(-1). Conclusion SMEDDS can effectively improve the oral bioavailability of patchoulic alcohol in rats.
TL;DR: Compounds 1, 2, 4-7, 10 were isolated from the genus Pogostemon for the first time and identified as tilianin, diosmetin, and isocrenatoside.
Abstract: Objective To investigate the nonvolatile chemical constituents from the ethanol extract of the stems of Pogostemon cablin. Method The constituents were isolated and purified by repeated column chromatography on silica gel and Sephadex LH-20. Their structures were identified by physicochemical properties and spectroscopic analysis. Result Twelve compounds were isolated and identified as tilianin (1), diosmetin-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), 3"-O-methylcrenatoside (3), uracil (4), soya-cerebroside I and II (5), agastachoside (6), apigenin-7-O-(3", 6"-di-(E) -p-coumaroyl) -beta-D-galactopyranoside (7), 5-hydroxy-3, 3', 4', 7- tetramethoxy flavone (8), 4', 5-dihydroxy-3, 3', 7-trimethoxyflavone (9), acacetin (10), crenatoside (11), isocrenatoside (12). Conclusion Compounds 1, 2, 4-7, 10 were isolated from the genus Pogostemon for the first time.
TL;DR: Combined the blood biochemical markers, the renal histopathological changes and the metabonomics profile were investigated to study the toxicity differences between Aristolochia fangchi and Stephania tetrandra to find out whether the liver and liver injuries in the two treated groups were more seriously than the control group.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Combined the blood biochemical markers, the renal histopathological changes and the metabonomics profile were investigated to study the toxicity differences between Aristolochia fangchi and Stephania tetrandra. METHOD: Ten rats were randomly selected from 70 male Wistar rats as blank control group. The remaining 60 rats were divided into three groups. The two treated groups were orally administrated by 8.1 g x kg(-1) of A. fangchi and S. tetrandra respectively and the control group by equal volume of distilled water for 4weeks. Before the administrated and every 2 weeks, urine and plasma were collected and their 1H-NMR spectra were acquired, and then subjected to data process and PCA. Blood biochemical analysis and histopathological examination were carried out. RESULT: On the 2nd weekend, the BUN of the two treated groups, the AST of A. fangchi group were all markedly higher than that of the control group (P Language: zh
TL;DR: The polysaccharides content of cultivated D. candidum is higher than that of wild materials and the relationship between germplasms, harvesting and polysacchides content for the breeding of quality of D. candium is revealed.
Abstract: Objective To reveal the variation content of polysaccharides in cultivated Dendrobium candidum and the relationship between germplasms, harvesting and polysaccharides content for the breeding of quality of D. candidium. Method The morphological characteristics were recorded when 33 samples were collected. The content of polysaccharides was determined by phenol-sulphuric acid method. Result The average content of polysaccharides in 2-year-old samples was 34.47% (25.63%-41.65%). The polysaccharides content of samples were significantly different among germplasms and physiological ages. Conclusion The polysaccharides content of cultivated D. candidum is higher than that of wild materials. Germplasms and physiological age impact on the polysaccharides content significantly. D. candidum breeding and the control of harvesting can increase polysaccharides content.
TL;DR: Fupiyiwei decoction (FPYWD) is effective in prevention and treatment of the toxic and adverse effects of chemotherapy of postoperational large intestine carcinoma, and can improve quality of life and immune function of patients.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate short term clinical therapeutic effect of fupiyiwei decoction (FPYWD) combined with chemotherapy in treating postoperational large intestine carcinoma and the effect on immune function. METHOD The 58 cases of postoperational large intestine carcinoma were randomly divided into the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) group (33 cases) and the control group (25 cases). The toxic and adverse reaction, Karnofsky score and clinical therapeutic effect during chemotherapy were observed, and the level of subgroup of T cells CD3, CD4, CD8 and NK cells were detected. Before and after treatment 28 healthy adult were regarded as normal group. RESULT There was no significant difference in clinic therapeutic effect between the TCM group and the control group after 12 chemotherapy treatment courses. But the quality of life the TCM group remarkably better than in the control group (P < 0.05), while the incidence rate of toxic and adverse reaction of chemotherapy in the former group was lower than in the latter (P < 0.05). The level of CD3+, CD4+ T cell and the viability of NK cells in all patients decreased during the chemotherapy treatment course while the level of CD8+ T cell increased, the level of CD3+ T cell and NK cells in peripheral blood in patients increased after treatment, but was lower than in normal group. The level of CD8+ T cell was decreased and was lower than in normal group. There was no significant difference (P < 0.05). The level of CD4 T cell after TCM group, there was significant different in CD4+ T cell between TCM group and control group, normal group (P < 0.05). The viability of NK cell increased but there was no significant difference between the two group. CONCLUSION Fupiyiwei decoction (FPYWD) is effective in prevention and treatment of the toxic and adverse effects of chemotherapy of postoperational large intestine carcinoma, and can improve quality of life and immune function of patients. increase the effective of chemotherapy.
TL;DR: The effects of GTW and Triptolide (T4), which is a bioactive component in GTW on anti-inflammatory, immunosuppression, and protection of epithelial cell in kidney, may have some beneficial effects on organ transplant rejection, tumor growth and anti-fertility.
Abstract: In the trials of multi-glycoside of Tripterygium wilfordii (GTW) in the field of pharmacodynamics, some clinical characteristics and symptoms, such as proteinuria, hematuria,joint pain, and skin damage, could be improved in the patients with various diseases including proliferative glomerulonephritis, lupus nephritis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and other immune-related diseases. In this review, it has been also reported to discuss the effects of GTW and Triptolide (T4), which is a bioactive component in GTW on anti-inflammatory, immunosuppression, and protection of epithelial cell in kidney. On the other hand, it is possible to have some beneficial effects on organ transplant rejection, tumor growth and anti-fertility.
TL;DR: AST110mg x kg(-1) and PNS115 mg x kg (-1) compatibility has a synergistic effect against ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice by accommodating MMP-9/TIMP-1 probably.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of astragalosides (AST) and Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) compatibility on the expression of matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metal11oproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in mice, to probe into its anti-ischemic brain injury protection mechanism. METHOD C57BL/6N mice were randomly divided into sham-operation group, model group, AST and PNS compatibility of high, medium and low-dose group, AST group, PNS group and edaravone group. Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury were prepared by bilateral common carotid artery ligation for 20 min followed by 24 hours reperfusion after administration for 4 days. Pathomorphism was detected with HE staining and the expression of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 protein in brain was detected by western-blot. RESULT The neuronal survival rate in the drug groups was significantly higher than the control group (P < 0.01), and the effect of the-middle dose compatibility group was more obvious. Factorial analysis manifested that AST110 mg x kg(-1) and PNS115 mg x kg(-1) compatibility had a synergistic interaction (P < 0.01). The expression of MMP-9 protein in the drug groups was lower than the model group significantly (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), but the expression of TIMP-1 protein was higher than the model group significantly (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), and the effect of the-middle dose compatibility group was more obvious, the two drugs had the stacking interaction (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION AST110 mg x kg(-1) and PNS115 mg x kg(-1) compatibility has a synergistic effect against ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice by accommodating MMP-9/TIMP-1 probably.
TL;DR: In this article, 13 compounds from the flowers of Chrysanthemum indicum were isolated by chromatographic techniques. But none of them are known to have been extracted from the leaves of the plant.
Abstract: Thirteen compounds were isolated from the flowers of Chrysanthemum indicum by chromatographic techniques. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods as acacetin-7-0-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), luteolin (2), luteolin-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), acaciin (4), acacetin 7-0-(6"-0-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-sophoroside (5), 3-0-caffeoylquinic acid (6), syringaresinol 0-beta-D-glucopyranoside (7), 5,7-dihydroxychromone (8), uracil (9), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (10), 4-0-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxybenzoic acid (11), boscialin (12), blumenol A (13). Compounds 5, 7, 8, 11-13 were isolated from C. indicum for the first time.
TL;DR: The crude extracts of total saikosaponins can induce hepatotoxicity damage, and the mechanism of hepatic damage is related with oxidative damage mechanism, which gradually aggravates with dose increasing.
Abstract: Objective To observe the degree of hepatotoxicity damage to rats and the correlation with oxidative damage mechanism after taking a large dose of crude extracts of total saikosaponins for a long time Method According to 45-day toxicity experimental methods, rats were successively administrated with crude extracts of total saikosaponins High, middle and low dose were respectively 100, 50, 10 mg x kg(-1) calculated by total saikosaponins The general conditions were observed and the related index of liver function, the metabolism condition of lipids, the glycometabolism, the level of TBIL were determined and the histopathologic examination of hepatic tissue were examined The content of total-SH in serum, the level of MDA, the activity of SOD and the content and activity of GSH and GSH-Px in serum and liver tissue were detected Result The crude extracts of total saikosaponins can increase the activity of ALT and AST in blood, increase liver weight and the ratio of liver to body, increase the content of TG in blood and liver The effect on CHO in blood and Gn in liver is not obvious Only high dose group's effect on TBIL can be observed The hepatic cell damage is obvious in the histopathologic examination of hepatic tissue The crude extracts of total saikosaponins can increase the content of total SH in blood, the content of MDA and GSH in blood and liver, while decrease the activity of SOD and GSH-Px in blood and liver The above-mentioned changes gradually aggravates with dose increasing, and is obvious compared with distilled water control group Conclusion The crude extracts of total saikosaponinscan induce hepatotoxicity damage, and the mechanism of hepatic damage is related with oxidative damage mechanism
TL;DR: A reversed-phase HPLC method is accurate, reliable and repeatable for simultaneous determination of gatrorrhizine, columbamine, epiberberine, coptisine, palmatine and berberine in C. chinensis.
Abstract: A reversed-phase HPLC method for simultaneous determination of gatrorrhizine, columbamine, epiberberine, coptisine, palmatine and berberine in Coptis chinensis was developed. Analysis was carried out on an Xtimate C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) eluted with acetonitrile-30 mmol x L(-1) ammonium bicarbonate solution (including 0.7% ammonia and 0.1% triethylamine) by gradient elution. The detective wavelength was 270 nm, the column temperature was 30 degrees C, and the flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1). By the above method, the linear ranges of gatrorrhizine, columbamine, epiberberine, coptisine, palmatine and berberine were 0.85-16.96 (r = 0.9997), 1.25-24.96 (r = 0.999 5), 2.05-40.96 (r = 0.999 9), 3.65-72.96 (r = 0.999 9), 2.88-57.60 (r = 0. 999 8),13.25-264.96 mg x L(-1) (r = 0.999 6), respectively. The average recoveries (n = 6) of the six alkaloids were 101.6% (RSD 1.3%),102.5% (RSD 1.5%), 100.8% (RSD 1.9%),102. 6% (RSD 1.2%), 97.80% (RSD 1.3%), 99.01% (RSD 1.5%), respectively. The determined results demonstrate that there is a significant difference in the contents of six alkaloids and total alkaloids among the tested samples. The method is accurate, reliable and repeatable for simultaneous determination of gatrorrhizine, columbamine, epiberberine, coptisine, palmatine and berberine in C. chinensis.
TL;DR: Nine compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time including six flavonoids and three stilbenoids and elucidated as quercetin, 5, 7, 3', 4'-tetrahydroxy-3-methoxyflavone, 4'-prenyloxyresveratrol (9).
Abstract: To search for the chemical constituents possessing anti-inflammatory or cytotoxic activities from plants, Morus wittiorum was investigated for the first time. The stem bark of M. wittiorum was extracted with 95% EtOH. The EtOH extract was fractionationed on silica gel by eluting with petroleum ehter, CHCl3 and EtOAc successively. The further isolation and purification of the EtOAc fraction of 95% EtOH extract was performed by various column chromatography such as silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, RP-C18 column chromatography and so on. The structures of compounds were determined on the basis of spectral analysis such as NMR, MS etc. As a result, nine compounds were isolated including six flavonoids and three stilbenoids and elucidated as quercetin (1), 5, 7, 3', 4'-tetrahydroxy-3-methoxyflavone (2), norartocarpanone (3), dihydrokaempferol (4), euchrenone a7 (5), morachalcone A (6), resveratrol (7), oxyresveratrol (8), 4'-prenyloxyresveratrol (9). Compounds 1-9 were isolated from this plant for the first time, among which compounds 1-8 were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities, respectively. Wherein compounds 6 and 8 showed inhibition to the release of beta-glucuronidase from rat polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNs) induced by platelet activating factor (PAF) at a concentration of 10(-5) mol x L(-1). The inhibitory ratios were 76.8%, 94.2% individually. Compounds 2 and 8 exhibited selective cytotoxicity agaist human ovarian cancer (A2780) and human gastric cancer (BGC-823) with IC50 values as 0.66, 1.31 micromol x L(-1) individually.
TL;DR: The chemical constituents of the plant of Sarcandra glabra are studied to provide reference for the study of the bioactive substances and their structures were elucidated by their physico-chemical properties and the analysis of their spectral data.
Abstract: Objective To study the chemical constituents of the plant of Sarcandra glabra and provide reference for the study of the bioactive substances Method The compounds were isolated from the EtOH extract by various chromatographic methods and their structures were elucidated by their physico-chemical properties and the analysis of their spectral data Result Nine compounds were isolated and identified as isoscopletin (1), syringaresinol monoside (2), styraxjaponoside B (3), 5-O-caffeoylshikimic acid (4), shizukanolide E (5), isoastilbin (6), neoisoastilbin (7), astilbin (8), neoastilbin (9) Conclusion Compounds 1-7 were isolated from S glabra for the first time
TL;DR: Compounds 1-7 were isolated from the genus Clausena for the first time and elucidated by their physicochemical properties and the analysis of their spectroscopic data.
Abstract: Objective To study the chemical constituents of the leaf of Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels. Method The compounds were isolated by various chromatographic techniques and their structures were elucidated by their physicochemical properties and the analysis of their spectroscopic data. Result Seven compounds were isolated and identified as corchoionoside C (1), 1'-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (2R,3S)-3-hydroxynodakenetin (2), quercetin-3-O-robinobioside (3), rutin (4), quercetin-3-O-scillabioside (5), keampferol-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2) [alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->6)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside (6), mauritianin (7). Conclusion Compounds 1-7 were isolated from the genus Clausena for the first time.