Showing papers in "Cognition in 2002"

TL;DR: It is shown that infants are sensitive to the statistical distribution of speech sounds in the input language, and that this sensitivity influences speech perception.

TL;DR: The proposal examined here is that speakers use uh and um to announce that they are initiating what they expect to be a minor (uh), or major (um), delay in speaking.

TL;DR: The results provide support for the likelihood of domain general statistical learning in infancy, and imply that mechanisms designed to detect structure inherent in the environment may play an important role in cognitive development.

TL;DR: The present studies reproduce different problem-solving strategies in speakers of a single language (English) by manipulating landmark cues, suggesting that language itself may not be the key causal factor in choice of spatial perspective.

TL;DR: The results of this experiment support a discourse-processing-based distance metric for computing locality and provide evidence against a pure similarity-based account of structural complexity such as proposed by Bever.

TL;DR: The results demonstrate the domain specificity of the visual mechanism implicated in processing faces, a mechanism which is not influenced by either task or expertise.

TL;DR: It is shown that actively wielding tools can change this pattern of crossmodal interference, which depended on active tool-use, developing with increased experience in using the tool.

TL;DR: Fine-grained acoustic/phonetic differences are preserved in patterns of lexical activation for competing lexical candidates and could be used to maximize the efficiency of on-line word recognition.

TL;DR: Evidence is provided that the ability to use information about an adult's direction of gaze and emotional expression to predict action is both present, and developing at the end of the first year of life.

TL;DR: The results suggest that linguistic and non-linguistic performance are dissociable, but language-specific regularities made available in the experimental context may mediate the speaker's performance in specific tasks.

TL;DR: It is shown that Li and Gleitman did not make a crucial distinction between frames of spatial reference relevant to their line of research, and their position is undermined by a wide range of considerations.

TL;DR: Findings suggest that language may play an important role in the acquisition of sortal/object kind concepts in infancy: words may serve as "essence placeholders".

TL;DR: It is argued that the capacity to draw the moral/conventional distinction depends on both a body of information about which actions are prohibited (a Normative Theory) and an affective mechanism and this account leads to the prediction that other normative prohibitions that are connected to an Affective mechanism might be treated as non-conventional.

TL;DR: It is shown in two experiments that 11-month-old infants successfully discriminated, whereas 9-month old infants failed to discriminate, sequences of numerosities that descended in numerical value from sequences that increased in numericalvalue.

TL;DR: Notably, the linguistic descriptions given by subjects within language failed to correlate consistently with their memory and categorization performance in the relevant regards, consistent with the view that conceptual development and organization are largely independent of language-specific labeling practices.

TL;DR: The results showed that a congruence between visual signals and signals indicating the position of the body is one component on which self-recognition is based, and recognition of one's actions is another component.

TL;DR: This result indicates that arithmetic function is related to working memory in a subsystem-specific manner: multiplication is more closely linked to phonological loop and subtraction to visuo-spatial sketchpad.

TL;DR: This work corrects two misconceptions propagated in recent work: normalized frequencies have been mistaken for natural frequencies and, as a consequence, "nested sets" and the "subset principle" have been proposed as new explanations.

TL;DR: It is shown that fish tested in the same tasks perform like human adults and surpass rats and human infants, suggesting that the ability to make use of geometry for spatial reorientation is an ancient evolutionary tract and that flexibility and accessibility to multiple sources of information to reorient in space is more a matter of ecological adaptations than phylogenetic distance from humans.

TL;DR: It is concluded that the role of priming in visual search is underestimated in current theories of visual search and that differences in search times often attributed to top-down guidance may instead reflect the benefits ofpriming.

TL;DR: 5-month-olds can determine the number of collective entities -- moving groups of items -- when non-numerical perceptual factors such as contour length, area, density, and others are strictly controlled, suggesting both that infants can represent number per se, and that their grasp of number is not limited to the domain of objects.

TL;DR: In two experiments, the authors formally investigate such interpersonal recursive reasoning in college-age adults within the context of matrix games and demonstrate the existence of a "default" mental model about the other player in the game context that is dynamically modified as new evidence is accumulated.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that phonotactic constraints are rapidly learned from listening experience and that some types of contingencies (consonant-vowel) are more easily learned than others (cons onant-voice).

TL;DR: A hybrid ACT-R model is presented that shows U-shaped learning without direct feedback, changes in vocabulary, or unrealistically high rates of regular verbs.

TL;DR: This article uncovers the existence of systematic differences in the way that children and adult speakers of English and Kannada resolve scopally ambiguous sentences containing numerally quantified noun phrases and negation, independent of the language they speak.

TL;DR: It is argued that the processes by which infants individuate and track entities are sensitive to material kind, rigid cohesive objects occupy a privileged status in this system, and early knowledge about objects and substances has a quantificational aspect.

TL;DR: This study indicates that this frame of reference is not the only one shared across sensory modalities, and the location of reaching targets is also encoded in eye-centered coordinates, whether the targets are visual, auditory, proprioceptive or imaginary.

TL;DR: It is argued that Tomasello's interpretation of young children's conservatism in language production as evidence that early language use is based entirely on concrete lexical representations, showing no evidence of abstract syntactic categories such as "verb" or "transitive sentence" is based on questionable premises.

TL;DR: These results extend recent fMRI findings that fronto-parietal activation is associated with conscious visual change detection, to reveal the timing of these neural correlates.

TL;DR: A 'triangulation strategy' is adopted to evaluate the ways expertise and culturally different belief systems can lead to different ways of conceptualizing the biological world and calls into question the importance of similarity-based notions of typicality and central tendency in natural categorization and reasoning.