Showing papers in "Current Opinion in Plant Biology in 2021"

TL;DR: In this article, the relationship between the two layers of plant innate immunity is discussed, and the existence of intricate interactions between PRR-mediated and intracellular nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat containing receptors (NLRs) are investigated.

TL;DR: The conserved lipase-like protein EDS1 transduces signals from pathogen-activated intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptors to transcriptional defences and host cell death as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: An updated snapshot of the known transporters for the hormones abscisic acid, auxin, brassinosteroid, cytokinin, ethylene, gibberellin, jasmonic acid and strigolactone can be found in this article.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore the key question of how RNAs are selected for entry into RNA interference, and propose models that enable the cell to distinguish between transcripts to translate versus destroy.

TL;DR: Recent developments in the understanding of the mechanisms of salt tolerance and how state-of-the-art tools including targeted mutagenesis or base and prime editing can help in gene discovery and functional analysis as well as in transferring favorable alleles into elite breeding material to speed the breeding of salt-tolerant rice cultivars are summarized.

TL;DR: In this paper, a knowledge-driven pipeline was proposed to contribute to food security over the coming decades, using the Solanaceae family as a case in point, where a de novo platform may allow rapid and precise conversion of crop wild relatives into crops, while retaining many of the valuable resilience and nutritional traits left behind during domestication and breeding.

TL;DR: The epigenetic basis of stress memory was long postulated and in recent years it has been shown that this is indeed the case as discussed by the authors, which has proven an excellent system to unpick the molecular basis of somatic stress memory, including histone modifications and nucleosome occupancy.

TL;DR: In this paper, three common hubs are involved in the cooperative regulation of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) by the defense hormones N-hydroxypipecolic acid (NHP) and salicylic acid (SA).

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss how various Strigolactones (SLs) are synthesized and what SL structural diversity means for plant growth and development, and discuss the role of structural diversity in SLs.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide an update on recent findings about the integration of light signals upstream of FT and tissue-specific events that occur in the shoot apical meristem (SAM) to balance flower production with SAM endurance.

TL;DR: The recent advances of CRISPR/dCas-mediated transcriptional activation and repression, and epigenetic modifications are summarized and the future directions and broader applications of the CRISpr/d Cas systems in plants are highlighted.

TL;DR: In this article, the relevance of the plant mycobiome within the plant microbiome has been largely underestimated, which hinders the development of optimal biotechnological applications in agro-systems and natural ecosystems.

TL;DR: In rhizomatous wild rice, the BLADE-ON-PETIOLE gene promotes sheath-to-blade ratio to confer rhizome tip stiffness and support underground growth, and together, this review aims to encourage further investigations into stolon and rhizomes to benefit agriculture and environment.

TL;DR: This review highlights modern advancements in single-cell RNA-sequencing, provides an overview of the technologies that led the plant field toward spatial transcriptomics, and describes the available spatial transcriptomics approaches providing examples of their application to plant tissues.

TL;DR: The ability of plants to react to arbuscular mycorrhiza with changes in morphology and/or performance in terms of yield is called "AM responsiveness", its amplitude depends on the plant- fungal genotype combination and the abiotic and biotic environment.

TL;DR: The accepted paradigm of the ripening transcriptional regulation has been recently challenged by the generation of true-null mutants of the previously considered master regulators of ripening as discussed by the authors, which will contribute to better understanding the factors regulating fruit ripening.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the growing repertoire of identified race-specific resistance (R and Avr) genes with special emphasis on novel R gene architectures, revealing that there is a large diversity of proteins encoded by racespecific resistance genes that extends beyond the canonical nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat proteins.

TL;DR: How speed breeding hijacks biological processes for applied plant breeding outcomes is highlighted and a case study examining wheat growth and development under speed breeding conditions is provided.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the recent progress in understanding the roles of m6A modification in mRNA metabolism and their mechanistic link with plant development and stress responses, and highlight some outstanding questions and provide an outlook on future prospects of M6A research in plants.

TL;DR: A review of recent advances in understanding the mechanism by which histone methylation regulates these processes is presented in this paper, where the authors discuss the role of methylation in temperature responses, based on data from Arabidopsis thaliana.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the extent to which perception of aboveground biotic and abiotic stresses can cascade along the shoot-root axis to sculpt root microbiota assembly and modulate the growth of root commensals that bolster aboveground stress tolerance.

TL;DR: A few recent studies begin to reveal how major climatic drivers impact the plant immune system, particularly secondary messenger and defense hormone signaling, and discuss possible approaches toward engineering climate-resilient plant immunity as part of an ongoing global effort to design 'dream' crops of the future.

TL;DR: The mechanisms of MIXTAs and phytohormones orchestrating cotton fiber development are summarized and the progress in understanding molecular basis of fiber development will facilitate future genetic engineering and breeding to improve cotton fiber quality and yield.

TL;DR: A review of the latest findings that illustrate how effectors from diverse species use similar strategies to modulate plant physiology to their advantage is presented in this paper, where the authors also summarize recent breakthroughs in the identification of effector from challenging systems, like obligate biotrophs, and emerging concepts such as the "iceberg model" to explain how the activation of plant immunity can be turned off by effectors with suppressive activity.

TL;DR: Three main issues of the virus-induced genome editing (VIGE) technology in plants are focused on: how toexpress the relatively large size of Cas proteins, how to express guide RNA, and how to increase the efficiency with which viruses are delivered into meristematic cells.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the evolutionary forces that drive the diversification of the molecules that determine the outcome of plant-pathogen interactions and introduce the concept of metapopulation dynamics as an alternative mechanism that can introduce and maintain diversity in both host and pathogen populations.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors summarize current advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of DELLA-dependent and DELLa-independent GA signaling pathways and their contributions to plant developmental and metabolic adaptations to changes in nitrogen availability.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss different strategies of building a home for beneficial plant microbiomes, referred to as the "MicrobiHome", which is similar to building a house for humans.

TL;DR: In this article, the MADS-box transcription factor AGAMOUS (AG) plays a central role in regulating reproductive organ identity and meristem determinacy during flower development.

TL;DR: In this paper, the role of parental contributions to gene expression in the zygote is discussed, and the use of this knowledge in agricultural biotechnology through synthetic apomixis is discussed.