Showing papers in "Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews in 2012"

TL;DR: Molecular mechanisms of inter-familiar cytokine cross-talk are reviewed which regulate dynamics and strength of IL-6 signal transduction and focus on IL- 6-type cytokine/cytokine receptor plasticity and cross- talk exemplified by the recently identified composite cytokines IL-30/IL-6R and IL-35, the first inter-Familiar IL-8/IL -12 family member.

TL;DR: BDNF activates trkB receptors to regulate neuronal survival, differentiation, and proliferation, and regulates Rho GTPase signaling, and modifies cytoskeletal structures.

TL;DR: This review focuses on the temporal organization of sterile hepatic inflammation, using surgery-induced trauma as a template disease state and consecutive waves of cytokines and chemokines orchestrate the influx of various leukocyte subsets that ultimately confer tissue destruction.

TL;DR: Preclinical studies have shown that targeting neurotrophins and their receptors induce an inhibition of breast cancer cell survival, proliferation and invasion and this additional effect further strengthens their clinical relevance.

TL;DR: The concept that, similar to the 'histone code', distinct posttranslational modifications and their crosstalk orchestrate the functions and interactions of STAT proteins is proposed.

TL;DR: This review focusses on the role of IL-6 in inflammation and fibrosing conditions, with a particular emphasis on systemic sclerosis (SSc), a chronic autoimmune disease in which a classical hallmark of fibrosis occurs.

TL;DR: A better understanding of the immune activation pathways should be of value in developing complementary therapies to restore the immune systems of patients with HIV infection.

TL;DR: Heterodimeric bone morphogenetic proteins bear promising application potential in inducing osteogenesis and may play indispensible roles in organogenesis, and are summarized in their signaling pathways and bio-functions.

TL;DR: Targeting both Sp1 and Stat3, central transcription factors that regulate a number of pathways important to tumorigenesis, are a potential preventive and therapeutic strategy for pancreatic cancer.

TL;DR: A review of cytokines that have either vaccine adjuvant or therapeutic potential and the need to identify key factors required for prevention of progression, clearance of infection, or protection from acquisition are discussed.

TL;DR: This review aims to integrate the current knowledge of TNIP1s functions with the diseases in which it has been associated to potentially elucidate the role this regulator has in promoting or alleviating these inflammatory diseases.

TL;DR: The ability of several cytokines to interfere with the molecular mechanisms responsible for HIV latency makes them attractive candidates for therapeutic strategies aimed at reducing the pool of latently infected cells.

TL;DR: A growing amount of evidence demonstrates, paradoxically, that not only HAT but also HDAC activity can be required for STAT-dependent transcription, in a STAT subtype- and cell type-dependent manner.

TL;DR: The complex function of SOCS3 in innate and adaptive immunity, different cell types and the role of SOCs3 on the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and IBD-related cancer are reviewed and it is explored how this knowledge may open novel avenues for the rational treatment of IBD and I BD- related cancer.

TL;DR: These factors can be used directly as therapy during HIV infection, either to suppress viral replication or prevent deleterious immune effects of infection, such as CD4+ T cell depletion.

TL;DR: Analysis of summarized studies on interleukin-10 gene polymorphisms shows that it is difficult to unambiguously determine the importance of IL-10 polymorphism as a predictor of clinical outcome of hepatitis C and response to anti-HCV therapy before its beginning.

TL;DR: The current research and potential future of IL-24 are examined, including its ability to selectively induce cell death in cancer cells while having little to no effect on normal cells, and its use in combination with other cancer therapies.

TL;DR: Development of therapeutics that block IFNα may prove to be an effective treatment of HAND and other inflammatory conditions where there is increased central nervous system interferon-alphaIFNα.

TL;DR: Type I interferon (IFN), the canonical antiviral innate response, can be induced in both acute and chronic HIV-1 infection in vivo, but in the majority of individuals this initial response is not protective and can contribute to disease progression.

TL;DR: The steps that allowed the identification of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 23/Klotho axis as the principal regulator of phosphate homeostasis, exerting actions on intestine, bone, parathyroid glands, and kidney are summarized.

TL;DR: This review focuses on the origin of stromal molecular and cellular components in pancreatic tumors, their biological effects on pancreatic cancer cells, and the orchestration of these two components.

TL;DR: Anti-cytokine agents emerge as a promising new approach for treatment of lung cancer as modulation of T cell cytokines such as IL-17A has been recently shown to suppress tumor growth in experimental models.

TL;DR: This review has discussed about recent data pointing to a dysregulation of the IFN signaling and the ISGylation system in cancer.

TL;DR: This review will discuss how this balance is achieved and which questions remain regarding innate immune regulation by ubiquitin and UBLs.

TL;DR: The role of IL-6 in processes such as cell proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, evasion of tumour immunity and chemoresistance is focused on and data relating to the abrogation of these processes with anti-IL-6 targeted therapy in preclinical and clinical studies are presented.

TL;DR: This review examines productions and roles of mucosae-specific chemokines in healthy and pathological conditions, as well as their possible positive and deleterious effects during mucosal HIV infection.

TL;DR: Current knowledge about the biology of IL-21 in the context of HIV infection is reviewed, with a focus on the role of sustaining and regulating T cell, B cell and NK cell responses during chronic viral infections.

TL;DR: Defining precisely the molecular mechanisms of how persistent inflammation and immune activation are able to influence the Foxo3a pathway could ultimately help in the development of novel approaches to improve immune responses in HIV infected subjects.

TL;DR: The role of chemokines in HIV persistence; the main signalling pathways that are involved; and how these pathways may be exploited to develop novel strategies to reduce or eliminate latently infected cells are reviewed.

TL;DR: This review will focus on the potential use of small molecules in the "shock and kill" strategy, the molecular basis for their action and the potential advantages of their immune-modulating activities.