Showing papers in "Drug and Alcohol Dependence in 2021"

TL;DR: The societal costs for opioid use disorder and fatal overdose from all opioids in 2017 were estimated to be $1.02 trillion, with the majority of the economic burden due to reduced quality of life from opioid use Disorder and the value of life lost due to fatal opioid overdose.

TL;DR: More than one in six UK adults increased their alcohol consumption during lockdown and a higher proportion of these were younger adults compared to older adults as discussed by the authors, indicating that increased alcohol consumption was associated with poor overall mental health, increased depressive symptoms and lower mental wellbeing.

TL;DR: A systematic review of all available evidence was carried out to document and interpret the frequency and severity of alcohol and other substance use during the Covid-19 pandemic and their relationship to demographic and mental health variables that may suggest further clinical implications as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: For instance, the authors found that around a quarter of drinkers reported drinking more alcohol and a quarter drinking less than usual during the COVID-19 related lockdown in the United Kingdom.

TL;DR: A systematic review of literature published up to March 2021 was conducted to summarize changes in prevalence, incidence, and severity of substance use associated with COVID-19 and the accompanying public health measures, including lockdown, stay-at-home orders, and social distancing as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: The presence of fentanyl in the stimulant supply increased significantly between 2011 and 2016, with the greatest increases occuring between 2015-2016; the presence of these products was concentrated in the U.S. Northeast.

TL;DR: In this paper, a scoping review was conducted to collect the existing research findings to explore the relationship between the experience of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and the diagnosis of SUD later in life.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on the social networks and social processes of people who use opioids on Reddit and found that Reddit provided an important source of social support and mutual aid for persons who used opioids.

TL;DR: The authors conducted a survey of primary care physicians' attitudes and beliefs about people with opioid use disorder (OUD) and understand the association between PCPs' stigmatizing attitudes and their OUD treatment practices, beliefs about treatment effectiveness, and support for policies designed to improve access to OUD medications.

TL;DR: Legalization of cannabis was associated with increases in cannabis-alcohol poly use in the US between 2004 and 2017, and the impact of MML was more limited to certain sociodemographic groups.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore associations between vaping and self-reported diagnosed/suspected Covid-19, changes in vaping since Covid19 and factors associated with these changes, and whether Covid 19 motivated current or recent ex-vapers to quit.

TL;DR: For example, this paper found that the perceived availability of marijuana, alcohol, and vaping devices declined at historic rates during the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020, with a 17% drop in perceived availability.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors conducted a rapid telephone survey from April-June 2020 among participants of the community-based AIDS Linked to the IntraVenous Experience (ALIVE) cohort study in Baltimore, Maryland, which collected information on COVID-19 knowledge, symptoms, testing, diagnosis, and prevention behaviors, recent substance use, housing conditions, interruptions to healthcare, access to harm reduction and drug treatment, mental health, and social support.

TL;DR: In this article, the frequency of barriers encountered by patients seeking to fill buprenorphine prescriptions from pharmacies in United States (US) counties with high opioid-related mortality was quantified.

TL;DR: In this article, a meta-analysis evaluated variability in the magnitude of the relation between aspects of emotion regulation and substance use and found that emotion regulation was significantly related to substance use.

TL;DR: Thematic analysis of the barriers to OST was undertaken to determine barrier themes and sub-themes as discussed by the authors, including stigma and fear, regulatory, logistical, attitudinal and social factors.

TL;DR: In this paper, a weighted linear regression model of buprenorphine distribution, including White resident quintile, waivered prescriber rate, overdose rate, sociodemographic factors, and year fixed effects, was used to assess whether per-capita bupregine distribution varies by regional racial/ethnic composition, Medicaid expansion status and time period.

TL;DR: The role of opioids in exacerbating disproportionate stimulant-involved death rates is unclear as mentioned in this paper, and the role of opioid co-involvement in driving these deaths varies by race and ethnicity.

TL;DR: A systematic review of the global, peer-reviewed scientific literature on substance use-related stigma conducted through 2017 and guided by the Stigma and Substance Use Process Model and PRISMA guidelines is presented in this article.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used the IQVIA Total Patient Tracker data to calculate U.S. monthly numbers of unique patients dispensed buprenorphine, extended-release (ER) intramuscular naltrexone, naloxone, selective serotonin or serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, benzodiazepines, and for comparison, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) between January 2019-May 2020).

TL;DR: This paper analyzed Reddit posts mentioning kratom from 42 subreddits between June 2019 and July 2020 to determine if independent, descriptive accounts are consistent with prior U.S. kratom survey findings and gain a more nuanced understanding of kratom use patterns.

TL;DR: The positive predictive value of ICD codes in identifying patients with Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) has been investigated in this article, where the authors conducted a clinical chart review on a national sample of 520 Veterans assigned ICD-9 or ICD-10 codes for opioid use, dependence, or abuse from 2012 to 2017.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used targeted sampling to recruit 395 people who inject drugs (PWID) into an observational cohort study in San Francisco 2018-2020, and assessed changes in injection frequency, opioid injection frequency and fentanyl smoking frequency in four six-month periods.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the relations between long-term AAS use and AAS dependence, aggression, interpersonal violence and potential mediating factors in a sample of male AAS exposed and non-exposed weightlifting controls, using self-report questionnaires.

TL;DR: For example, the authors found that higher depression symptoms and financial difficulties were associated with more tobacco use, cannabis use, and substance co-use during the COVID-19 pandemic.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors extended the original study by recreating the genetic relationship matrix, graph, and latent genetic factor structure, including additional data from substance use disorders, which resulted in some changes in the latent structure of the factor model when compared to the original model.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored trends in joint perceived risk and availability of cannabis from 2002 to 2018 and the relationship between combined perceptions and cannabis use, frequent use, and CUD.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors identify patterns of substance use among Opioid Use Disorder patients and examine whether COVID-19-related impacts on access to healthcare varied across subgroups.

TL;DR: The FAS rate may have declined somewhat, but rates of PFAS and ARND seemed to plateau, at a high rate.