Showing papers in "Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety in 1991"

TL;DR: The paper also touches on possible mechanisms for the "protective action" of selenium against mercury toxicity and deals briefly with the synergism between the two elements.

TL;DR: The genetic typing of laboratory strains of Daphnia magna revealed that although there are genetic differences between different testing laboratory strains, most laboratories culture single genotypes as clones, thus suggesting that genotype-environment interactions were predominating.

TL;DR: Several aspects of the response to toxicants using a standardized toxicity test with the freshwater rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus are described, indicating very consistent test sensitivity and a practical limit on toxicant exposure.

TL;DR: No generally accepted and scientifically validated protocol for preparing aqueous samples for genotoxic testing exists and developing such a protocol is necessary before embarking on widespread genotoxicity testing of wastewaters, especially if results are to be used for permit compliance.

TL;DR: Estimated no-effect concentrations of arsenic and mercury, but not cadmium, chromium, gold, nickel, selenium, or silver, are close to their concentrations reported in streams with active placer mines in Alaska.

TL;DR: Results indicate that piperonyl butoxide may be an effective tool in toxicological research focused upon identifying specific compounds responsible for toxicity in complex aqueous mixtures.

TL;DR: Comparison of DNOC-induced effects with liver pathology in eel exposed to the chemical spill in 1986 reveals striking similarities so that DNOC may not be excluded as a possible factor in the fish kill in the Rhine river.

TL;DR: Quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) were developed for nonreactive chemical toxicity to each of four groups of bacteria of importance in environmental engineering: aerobic heterotrophs, methanogens, Nitrosomonas, and Microtox.

TL;DR: The effects of low-level lead and/or cadmium exposure on the structure and function of different organ systems of the freshwater crayfish were estimated by several biochemical and histochemical methods and specific impairment of function of the organ systems studied was discussed.

TL;DR: The PLHC-1 fish hepatoma cell line apparently maintained sufficient xenobiotic-metabolizing capacity, as the hepatoma cells were able to metabolize benzo[a]pyrene to cytotoxic intermediates.

TL;DR: In this paper, the soil sorption of six chlorobenzenes and 20 PCB congeners was studied by allowing aqueous trace solutions (ppb) of transformer fluids to equilibrate with 3-6 different soils.

TL;DR: A comparison with the results of some pot and field trials showed the practicability of the rough relative values method.

TL;DR: It is suggested that Ca2+ and H+ compete with lead and cadmium ions for binding sites in the earthworm, and that the affinity for Pb is much greater than that for Cd, showing the predominant importance of soil adsorption processes.

TL;DR: Prolonged exposure to the organochlorine insecticide endosulfan induced disturbances in the blood and organ chemistry values of a common fish, Barbus conchonius, and a decrease was seen in the total lipids, cholesterol, glycogen, and cholesterol.

TL;DR: In this paper, cells isolated from the pronephros of carp were incubated in vitro with the organophosphorus insecticide trichlorfon or dichlorvos, each of which is used in aquaculture to eliminate fish ectoparasites.

TL;DR: Observations on two chemicals, sodium bromide and 3,4-dichloroaniline, demonstrate that the primary toxic effect of these compounds was to kill developing eggs in the brood chamber, and may provide the basis for a short, sensitive early life-stage test with this species.

TL;DR: Concern about possible increased reduction of primary production in the North American Great Lakes due to depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer appears to be unwarranted.

TL;DR: It is proposed to extend the OECD guidelines for algae, Daphnia, and fish with chronic (aquatic) toxicity tests for more species of different taxonomic groups because it showed that lower numbers of toxicity data increase the chance of underestimating the risk of a compound.

TL;DR: The present results of a comparative laboratory study with the zebrafish show that a 42-day ELS test can be conducted with this species of fish, and affords meaningful results.

TL;DR: The results from chromium, nickel, and zinc bioassays with three populations of Daphnia magna indicate that the investigated strains are differently sensitive.

TL;DR: It is suggested that degenerative changes in gill lamellae are responsible for respiratory and osmoregulatory dysfunction in air-breathing catfish following sublethal exposure to copper.

TL;DR: LD50 and bioassay studies showed that Cyphoderus sp.

TL;DR: The toxicity of phosalone and carbaryl was studied for 29 days in the adult common prawn and induction thresholds for inhibitory effects were determined and the toxicity of these two pesticides was investigated.

TL;DR: An increased variation in the DNA and DNA aneuploidy could be detected in duck rbc using flow cytometric analysis, with the onset of these effects being related to the attainment of maximal levels of 137Cs body burdens in the exposed animals.

TL;DR: In this article, the liver and intestine of the striped mullet (Mullus barbatus) were studied for 8 months (before and during sexual maturation) for 8 different stages of sexual maturity.

TL;DR: Beta-HCH proved to be recalcitrant under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions and could be related to the differences in spatial chlorine configuration of the three HCH isomers.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of carbaryl exposure on the levels of thyroxine and triiodothyronine, the T3/T4 ratio, and the extrathyroidal conversion of T4 to T3 were studied in the Clarias batrachus.

TL;DR: Six outdoor artificial streams were designed to simulate natural stream environments to define acceptable threshold toxicity concentrations for chemicals and effluents in the aquatic environment and so provide data that can be used to define water quality criteria more accurately than is possible on the basis of data obtained solely from laboratory tests.

TL;DR: The toxic effects of 0.3 ppm (96-hr LC50 value) of mercuric chloride solution on the epidermis of Heteropneustes fossilis at different time intervals have been studied.

TL;DR: Analysis of white sucker stomach contents showed that the contents closely reflected the benthic composition observed in the natural substrate, and changes in food availability and feeding activity were correlated with previous changes documented in the growth, fecundity, and lipid levels ofwhite sucker.