Showing papers in "Energy in 1979"

TL;DR: The Purdue Process as discussed by the authors is an example of a solvent-pre-processed cellulosic material, where the material is solvent-pretreated to make it readily accessible to hydrolysis to sugars by either acid or enzyme.

TL;DR: In this article, the performance of air-based solar heating systems utilizing phase change energy storage (PCES) was examined for various load characteristics, collector types, and control strategies, and the effect of semi-congruent melting of the phase-change material (PCM) on system performance was examined.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented the use of porous flat plate collectors to achieve efficient heat extraction from an energy absorbing solid, and its application to solar air heaters, and analyzed the temperature distribution within a gas-cooled porous flatplate having its surface exposed to the sun's energy.

TL;DR: In this article, the combustion characteristics of coal/oil mixture droplets depend intimately on the intensity of internal circulation, and the addition of small quantities of water significantly enhances the potential and intensity of droplet explosion.

TL;DR: In this article, the behavior and combustion rates of coal particles aerodynamically suspended in a heated jet, to stimulate flow conditions in a fluidized bed was investigated, and the total turn time varied from 25 to 740 sec independently of coal type.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe work on a program directed toward assessing the prospects for development of more efficient heat exchange equipment, which leads to more efficient thermal systems and more effective waste-heat recovery.

TL;DR: In this article, the performance criteria for a wall with an enclosed phase change material (PCM) are discussed and quantitative conclusions about how best to choose the PCM are derived and illustrated by means of computer simulations.

TL;DR: More energy is needed in the rural areas of developing countries for agriculture, transportation, domestic uses, and industrial development in towns and small cities of the countryside as discussed by the authors, and large capital investments and intensive research and development must be undertaken to ensure adequate future energy supplies for the Asian countries.

TL;DR: In this article, a D-3He field-reversed mirror fusion plant is proposed to produce a few megawatts of power by "stacking" of units, however, plants could be built in the 10s of megawatt size.

TL;DR: In this article, the National Academy of Sciences Committee on Nuclear and Alternative Energy Systems compiled a detailed analysis of risks associated with different types of energy use and discussed the issue of assessing risks, to give the reader an idea of the complications involved in making valid risk assessments and the worth of risk assessment as a public policymaking device.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors made a cross-section of a world very heavily populated by present standards, examined with a system view the level of basic necessities plus luxuries for this population, and indicated the technology to satisfy them.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine the idea of how best to use the knowledge acquired through basic research to help solve the worldwide problem of diminishing energy supply and increasing energy needs, and propose a purely synthetic system capable of capturing solar quanta and storing them in some stable form.

TL;DR: In this paper, an optimum design approach for CAES is presented based on decomposition of the overall CAES plant/utility grid system into three partially decoupled sybsystems.

TL;DR: In this paper, a logistic probability model is used to determine the effect of heating fuel price, climate, and household characteristics (such as age of head and income) on the likelihood that a household will be well insulated or will intend to add insulation in the near future.

TL;DR: In this article, the potential for energy conservation via the implementation of proven technology within United Kingdom industry is examined using a disaggregated model of individual industrial sectors, fuels supplied, and end-use energy purposes.

TL;DR: In this paper, it is shown that the less developed countries will grow much more rapidly than the industrialized countries and that the developing countries will be much more likely to grow much faster than the developed countries.

TL;DR: The thermal interaction between a large solar pond and the surrounding ground is considered in this paper, where the time-dependent temperature profiles in the ground are calculated and the corresponding heat fluxes to or from the ground as functions of time are obtained.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented an offshore float device to capture the power in waves and demonstrated that a simple modification of a mechanical cycle can lead to a significant increase in the energy that is developed.

TL;DR: A program of measurements is underway at Williamson Hall, an earth-sheltered building on the campus of the University of Minnesota as mentioned in this paper, where the temperature and the moisture field in the ground adjacent to the building, as well as the heat flux through the building walls, are measured continuously and recorded on magnetic tape and are thus available for evaluation.

TL;DR: Cost estimates for the conventional, horizontal-axis, wind turbine and for the vortex-augmented wind turbine are presented in this paper, where the vortex is generated by an appropriate delta wing.

TL;DR: In this paper, a model for a phase change material (PCM) thermal wall being tested at the University of Delaware, Solar One House under the auspices of the Institute of Energy Conversion is presented.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on the people problems of distributed energy planning and their role in the development of distributed renewable energy systems, including the Residential Building Code (RBC) and the exploration of the potential of dispersed electric generators.

TL;DR: An analytical model of an archetypal device for using solar energy in a one-step thermochemical process for producing hydrogen and oxygen from water is presented in this paper, which is used to evaluate sources of irreversibilities associated with the operation of various components of such a device and to suggest alternatives which should be considered.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a new energy trade which would require a transfer of manufacturing resources to the countries with hydro power, such as China, India, and Brazil, to make an effective contribution to new energy supply patterns.

TL;DR: In this paper, a discussion is presented on the possibilities of supplying the energy needs of the world and particularly of the developing countries on the basis of renewable resources: hydro power and biomass.

TL;DR: In this article, an attempt is made to envisage the evolution of energy supply and demand for the next 50 yr. The principal tool for doing this is the elaboration of two detailed and largely internally consistent scenarios.

TL;DR: A quantitative estimation of the energy potential of ocean surface waves, ocean currents and tides and a review of the techniques for utilizing these renewable energy sources, their present state of development and their economic and environmental aspects are presented in this article.

TL;DR: In this paper, a careful inquiry suggests that sunlight could eventually be the primary and even exclusive source of heat, electricity and synthetic fuels for the entire world, continuously and eternally on a scale (upwards of 100 TW) generally regarded only with fusion or with fission via the fast breeder.

TL;DR: In this paper, a 0.254 m stainless steel cylindrical fluidized bed pilot plant facility is described, which consists of a fluidized-bed reactor, fluidizing air-supply system, solids feeder, off-gas cleaning and exhaust system, and cooling water supply system for heat transfer tubes provided in the bed and in the freeboard sections.

TL;DR: Simulations are tools of major importance in the design of solar energy systems and are used both for systems research and for large, one-of-a-kind systems using programs such as TRNSYS.