Showing papers in "Enzyme and Microbial Technology in 1984"

TL;DR: From a limited survey of agricultural plant and weed species it appears that photodynamic herbicides exhibit a very pronounced organ, age and species-dependent selectivity.

TL;DR: The presence of aabinofuranosidase, which degrades l -arabinans, in commercial pectic enzyme preparations, can cause haze formation in juices such as apple and pear as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: A comparison of the structure of closely related proteins with different thermostability from various mesophilic sources, and mutationally altered enzymes with those from wild strains has been carried out.

TL;DR: The current practice of strain improvement by mutagenesis and selection is a highly developed technique drawing on the latest advances from a wide range of scientific and technical disciplines.

TL;DR: In this paper, a simple method of treating such equilibria is suggested, using the thermodynamic activity of water, only when its activity is significantly reduced below 1 can water contribute to a shift of equilibrium in favour of synthetic products.

TL;DR: What is known of bacterial metal resistances for which enzymatic detoxification is known to be the mechanism of resistance is summarized, as well as a summary of the newer DNA sequence analysis and bench-scale efforts for the mercuric resistance system.

TL;DR: In this paper, three grades of diatomaceous earth (Celite 560, Filtercel and Hyflo Supercel) and a controlled-pore silica have been examined for their suitability as support materials for lipase (triacyglycerol acylhydrolase, EC 3.1.3).

TL;DR: The fermentation of d-xylose, the major sugar-cane bagasse hemicellulose component, to ethanol by Pachysolen tannophilus is inhibited by various factors produced or released during acid hydrolysis of the bagasse or during the fermentation process as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: The use of a fed-batch cultivation of the fungus Trichoderma reesei allows cellulase production to occur under optimum conditions, and results in extremely high enzyme titres and productivities, compared with the values obtained in two-stage continuous cultivation.

TL;DR: Th Thielavia terrestris enzymes are the most thermostable; on the basis of the other properties tested, T. terrestri enzymes are comparable to, or in some cases better than, those from mesophilic strains.

TL;DR: Commercial cellulase and pectinase from Aspergillus niger have been applied to produce fermentation syrups from sugar-beet pulp and potato fibre and part of the enzyme activity was lost, especially by adsorption onto the substrate residue.

TL;DR: The involvement of specific enzymes in lignin degradation by both P. chrysosporium and S. viridosporus has now been confirmed and the first isolations of ligninolytic enzymes recently discovered include extracellular non-specific peroxidases and oxygenases.

TL;DR: The mass transfer rates of cell debris, total protein, β-d-galactosidase and DNA have been studied and were found to be fast enough to reach equilibrium between the phases after 1.9 s of mixing in a static mixer with 24 mixing elements.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the cellulolytic enzymes have a high affinity for the remaining lignin, and it is questionable whether elution of enzymes from the lIGNin is economically feasible as a technical process.

TL;DR: The properties of enzymes and microbial cells as biocatalysts useful in natural products chemistry are discussed from the perspective of the chemical transformations they catalyse in this paper, focusing on numerous reactions of value to natural products chemists, including the acyloin condensation, Baeyer-Villiger oxidation, regio- and enantioselective ester hydrolyses, oxidations of aromatic and non-aromatic substrates, oxidoreduction and O - and N -dealkylations.

TL;DR: In this paper, the oxygen requirements for ethanol production from d -xylose by Pachysolen tannophilus were determined by controlling the availability of oxygen to shake flasks.

TL;DR: Despite the high phosphate concentration in the bottom phase the system needs to be titrated in order for the reaction to proceed, and titration of the top phase alone protected the enzyme from denaturation by strong alkali used for the titration.

TL;DR: Analysis of an unstable transformant suggested that possibly more than one copy of the plasmid was integrated and then subjected to rearrangement, and that it arose following integration of the argB+ at the arg locus.

TL;DR: In this article, Klouveromyces fragilis cells have been packed into the shell side of an industrial size hollow fiber module and the feed was pumped through the tube side under pressure.

TL;DR: The oxidases in a bioelectrochemical cell are not inactivated by H 2 O 2 and as a result the operational lifetimes of the oxidases were increased about five-fold, and electricity and specific (bio)chemicals can be produced simultaneously and in both compartments.

TL;DR: Activity was maximum over a pH range of 4.5–5.5 but declined sharply beyond 5.5 for both substrates, and marked synergistic activity exists between Trichoderma reesei and A. wentii cellulases for cellulose hydrolysis.

TL;DR: The effect of utilizable carbon sources on the production of cephem antibiotics by Streptomyces clavuligerus has been studied and Glycerol, maltose and starch supported the most extensive growth.

TL;DR: The use of these approaches does not eliminate the need for titre testing to identify improved strains, but they can greatly relieve the drudgery involved by reducing the numbers of isolates which need to be tested in this manner.

TL;DR: For a particular organism and enzyme, method of cell breakage and membrane characteristics significantly influenced separation performance, though results indicate that it is not yet possible to optimize all aspects of performance simultaneously.

TL;DR: The extracellular amylases produced by Saccharomycopsis fibuliger have been studied with the intent of identifying the kinetic mechanism and product distribution, and modelling the production of d-glucose during starch hydrolysis.

TL;DR: Cellulases from Trichoderma reesei, Rutgers C30, can be semicontinuously produced in an aqueous two-phase system composed of dextran and poly(ethylene glycol) using Solka Floc BW 200 as substrate.

TL;DR: In this article, yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been immobilized by adhesion to plate supports of glass or polycarbonate after a suitable pretreatment, and sedimentation on the support, followed by washing the non-adhering cells.

TL;DR: A strain of Penicillium aculeatum has been found to synthesize large quantities of dextranase in culture filtrate, its activity being maximum at 50 to 60°C and at pH 5 to 6.

TL;DR: In this article, a review compares the two modes of operation and some advantages of the continuous processes and possible markets for continuous processes are identified and some possible explanation for the lack of wide acceptance of continuous processes is offered.

TL;DR: To develop an effective biological disposal option, research and development is required in a wide range of areas associated with microbiology and genetic engineering, and system design and testing.