Showing papers in "Epilepsy Research in 1999"

TL;DR: LTG can be regarded as an acceptable choice as initial treatment for elderly patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy in a multicentre, doubleblind trial.

TL;DR: The results indicate that the increased incidence of congenital malformations was caused primarily by AEDs, suggesting that mal Formations can be prevented by improvements in drug regimen, and by avoiding polypharmacy and high levels of VPA in the treatment of epileptic women of childbearimg age.

TL;DR: The definition of drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) is elusive and still controversial owing to some unresolved questions such as: how many drugs should be tried before a patient is considered intractable; to which extent side-effects may be acceptable; how many years are necessary before establishing drug resistance.

TL;DR: No genetic epilepsy in man has been identified in which the primary genetic defect involves glutamate receptors or transporters, but changes are found in some acquired syndromes, including enhanced NMDA receptor responses in dentate granule cells in patients with hippocampal sclerosis.

TL;DR: A review of drugs in development and recently marketed AEDs and of a new antiepileptic device, the neurocybernetic prosthesis (NCP), has become available.

TL;DR: In this article, the potential impact of persisting calretinin-immunoreactive neurons with Cajal-Retzius cell morphology, astrocytic tenascin-C induction and redistribution as potential regulator of aberrant axonal sprouting and alterations of Ca2+ -mediated hippocampal signalling pathways.

TL;DR: In a retrospective study of a consecutive series of 222 surgically treated meningiomas, it was found that 26.6% of the patients presented epilepsy as their initial symptom, and in patients with preoperative epilepsy, those tumors with evidence of or severe perifocal edema and cerebral edema at the operative site were significantly more likely to suffer from postoperative epilepsy.

TL;DR: Animal models specific to certain malformations of 4-layered microgyria, induced with cortical lesions made during late stages of cortical neuroblast migration, have provided a necessary first step in understanding molecular and cellular mechanisms of epileptogenesis associated with cortical malformation.

TL;DR: With the exception of atropine, all anticholinergic drugs were effective at lower doses than diazepam in terminating seizures when given 5 min after seizure onset; benactyzine, procyclidine and aprophen terminated seizures most rapidly while scopolamine, trihexyphenidyl, biperiden, anddiazepam were significantly slower.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors performed magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electrocorticogrsphy (ECoG) on four patients with FCD-associated epilepsy to confirm the 'intrinsic' epileptogenicity of FCD lesions.

TL;DR: The data presented in this study suggest that physical exercise is not a seizure-inducing factor in this experimental model of epilepsy.

TL;DR: Findings show that in untreated epilepsy there is a maturation process in the early stages and this accelerating process can be of predictive value for the treatment of epilepsy.

TL;DR: An understanding of the mechanism underlying KD antiepileptic efficacy will help not only to optimize the clinical use of the ketogenic diet, but also to develop novel antiePileptic treatments.

TL;DR: Results presented here demonstrate that the ketogenic diet produces the highest levels of ketonemia and seizure threshold in young animals and suggest that age and caloric restriction are important considerations for implementing theketogenic diet.

TL;DR: Memory performance tests provide qualitatively different information than patients' self-reported cognitive difficulties, thus it is important to assess memory performance, perceived cognitive function, and mood separately because the constructs are related but not redundant.

TL;DR: The ketogenic diet is an effective alternative therapy used to control intractable seizures, with 40-50% of those starting the diet having a >50% reduction in seizures after 12 months, and about 50% of children will continue on the diet for at least a year.

TL;DR: It is hypothesized that one of the mechanisms of the ketogenic diet in epilepsy may relate to increased availability of beta-hydroxybutyrate, a ketone body readily transported at the BBB, supported by the fact that theketogenic diet is the treatment of choice for the glucose transporter protein syndrome and pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency.

TL;DR: These strains should provide many clues to the dispositional differences between individuals for the development of epilepsy originating in temporal lobe structures.

TL;DR: It is possible to validate statistically the distinction between discrete epileptic syndromes, using multiple correspondence analysis to distinguish various types of childhood severe cryptogenic/idiopathic generalised epilepsy on the basis of reproducible diagnostic criteria.

TL;DR: It is concluded that a loading dose of IV valproate can be administered safely and rapidly to achieve high therapeutic levels in patients with epilepsy, and enables further studies evaluating IVvalproate as a non-sedative anticonvulsant in the management of status epilepticus.

TL;DR: Patients with seizure-related trauma had significantly earlier onset age of epilepsy and more commonly had generalized from onset tonic-clonic, complex partial, myoclonic or absence seizures but fewer had partial seizures with secondary generalization.

TL;DR: Compared the local excitability, kindling rates, and convulsion profiles of kindling sites in either the amygdala, dorsal hippocampus, piriform cortex or perirhinal cortex in the two strains, a selection bias for the amygdala and its networks was suggested.

TL;DR: It is suggested that homozygous expression of CYP2C9*3 may represent a common genetic basis for (apparently) idiosyncratic toxicities that have been reported for these two low therapeutic index drugs.

TL;DR: The data suggest that the frequency of spontaneous motor seizures in the rat with kainate-induced epilepsy depends primarily on activity state rather than time of day (i.e. time during the light-dark cycle).

TL;DR: The need to understand better the impact of important variables such as dietary composition, genetic background, and mode of seizure induction in the study of the KGD is highlighted, with juvenile mice fed a KGD exhibited a lower mortality rate following flurothyl-induced seizures compared to mice feeding a standard diet.

TL;DR: Data suggest a selective reduction in inhibitory interneurons in experimental CD cortex or an impaired ability for these neurons to produce PA and CA, which is closely associated with intractable epilepsy.

TL;DR: The study findings indicate that people with Pseudoseizures experience lives as stressful as do people with epilepsy, and are likely to employ maladaptive coping responses.

TL;DR: A comparative analysis of channel function and neural excitability patterns in tottering, lethargic, and stargazer brain should be useful in identifying the common elements of calcium channel involvement in these absence models.

TL;DR: The results suggest that ZNS has biphasic effects on the 5-HT system, in that effective concentrations of ZNS enhance and supra-effective concentrations of HIAA and ZNS reduce the function of the 5 -HT system.

TL;DR: The descriptive data suggest that the EQ-5D may not be capturing all of the QOL issues of relevance to patients with chronic, intractable epilepsy and the EQ/EQ/D may be valid but not valid for this group, and the VAS is sensitive to clinical change.