Showing papers in "Fire Safety Journal in 2014"

TL;DR: In this paper, a two-dimensional unsteady-state model for hill-side coal fires is developed, where the coupling between chemical reactions in the coal seam and oxygen transport through adjacent rocks is involved.

TL;DR: In this article, a real-scale room was used to experiment with water mist application to a pool fire, with a nominal flow rate equal to 25 l/min provided by a set of four nozzles, injecting droplets with mean Sauter diameter equal to 112 μ m.

TL;DR: In this paper, the integral characteristics of typical extinguishing liquid (water) droplet evaporation in flaming combustion zone were carried out with varying of their basic initial parameters (sizes, relative concentration in a flow or current, temperature, screenings content, structure homogeneity, motion velocities into a flow).

TL;DR: In this paper, a detailed experimental study on the mechanical properties of very high strength (VHS) steel at elevated temperatures is presented, and the results have the potential for inclusion in the prescriptive code rules for rational fire engineering based designs.

TL;DR: In this paper, an interactive card game is used to guide first responders to establish situational awareness about an imaginary building fire emergency, and examines the information items needed by first responders in this process.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the characteristics of the spread of smoke in a shallow urban road tunnel with roof openings in its ceiling, where the smoke produced by a fire is ventilated through the openings in the ceiling given the natural buoyancy of hot smoke.

TL;DR: In this article, a total of 153 fire resistance tests (117 members in bending, six members in compression and 30 members in tension) with respect to the reduced cross-section method (RCSM) were performed.

TL;DR: In this article, the post-heating bond behavior between high-grade rebar and C80 high-strength concrete (hereafter, HSC) is studied, and the beam bond test is carried out to study the bond behavior.

TL;DR: A general social sensor based platform for wildfire detection and management is suggested, and possible directions of future research are proposed.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used finite element models of LSF wall panels subject to standard fire conditions were used in a detailed parametric study to investigate the effects of important parameters such as steel grade and thickness, plasterboard screw spacing, insulation materials and load ratio on their performance.

TL;DR: In this article, a series of pool fire tests are conducted using a smooth, unconfined model ceiling with varying inclination angles of up to 40°, and empirical formulae to represent temperature and velocity distributions are developed by applying an exponential function that decays monotonically with the distance from the ceiling surface.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented a numerical investigation aimed at assessing the safety of fuel storage tank farms subjected to elevated temperatures caused by fire conditions, i.e., examining the possibility of a domino effect.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the influence of fixing conditions on glass breakage and fallout in a 500×500mm2 N-heptane pool fire and concluded that various fixing locations have a significant effect on glass breaking.

TL;DR: In this paper, the size and mass distributions of firebrands collected in this study were compared with sparsely available firebrand generation data from actual full-scale structure burns, individual building component tests, and historical structure fire firebrandom generation studies.

TL;DR: In this article, the problem of coal stockpile self-heating under free convection (no wind) conditions was theoretically analyzed and a scale analysis has been used to drive expressions for the stockpile temperature and inflection point (when the stockpile is completely dry) as functions of the key parameters including coal type, moisture content, and particle diameter as well as the ambient air temperature.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the relationship between living conditions and intentional fires in Malmo and found that the spatio-temporal patterns of intentional fires can be determined by different living conditions, and different levels of exposure to socioeconomic stressors.

TL;DR: In this paper, two different sets of fire scenarios are explored in a single bedroom apartment, in which the door and window remain closed during the entire test, and the fire decreases rapidly to become insignificant because of a lack of oxygen.

TL;DR: In this article, the eddy dissipation concept is extended to the large eddy simulation (LES) framework following the same logic of the turbulent energy cascade as originally proposed by Magnussen but taking into account the distinctive roles of the sub-grid scale turbulence.

TL;DR: In this article, a multi-scale approach is followed in order to establish the kinetic mechanism of thermal degradation of fire retardant plywood, and a combination of small scale and large scale tests are completed to fully develop and validate the proposed kinetic mechanism.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the heat flux profile upon building facade with side wall constraints due to ejected fire plumes from a window of an under-ventilated compartment fire and developed a reduced-scale model consisting of a cubic fire compartment with a facade wall attached and two side walls located symmetrically at both sides of the window.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the timing of fires burning in vegetation within and around the city of Perth, Western Australia and found that causes related to arson and recreational activities such as camp fires were more likely to occur on weekends and public holidays.

TL;DR: In this article, an experimental analysis was conducted to quantify the water-mist discharge characteristics required to suppress wood-crib fires and the experimental results demonstrated critical suppression behavior consistent with this first order analysis.

TL;DR: In this article, the fire behavior of masonry walls made with hollow fired-clay bricks was investigated experimentally and several complex mechanisms occurred during firing are analyzed and identified, in particular, in cases of load-bearing walls, the local spalling of bricks is considered as an important factor governing the fire performance.

TL;DR: In this paper, a comprehensive investigation is undertaken to elucidate the underlying flame retardancy mechanism, which is elaborated based on the identification of the chemical species in both gas and condensed phases and their specific contributing role.

TL;DR: In this paper, a new fire detection method is proposed, which is based on using a stereo camera to calculate the distance between the camera and the fire region and to reconstruct the 3D surface of the fire front.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed data on occupants' movement on stair landings collected during an evacuation drill performed in a six-storey office building in the United States, where a total of 215 occupant travel path trajectories were analysed using a probabilistic approach, i.e., the probability of different occupant travel paths were calculated in relation to crowding on the landings, and the type of interactions between occupants.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a method to measure a hysteretic nonlinearity parameter to estimate damage level to concrete under heat-exposed, based on the proposed method.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated the behavior of a welded T-stub component subject to static loading, at ambient and elevated temperatures, and carried out at the University of Coimbra.

TL;DR: In this paper, a 3D finite element model is used to validate a steel-to-timber connection in cold and ISO-fire conditions, which is based on two different meshes for thermal and thermo-mechanical calculations.

TL;DR: This paper explores the use of utility and game theory to model egress decisions for exit choices found in evacuations and creates a high fidelity exit decision model that simulates exit selection of evacuees.