Showing papers in "Fuel Processing Technology in 1987"

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors demonstrate that the exclusive aromatic character of high temperature tar is not only due to the disappearance, by post-cracking, of the paraffinic fraction of primary tars, but that cracking reactions contribute to form mono-and polycyclic aromatics.

TL;DR: In this article, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to determine the nitrogen functionality of samples before and after processing and it was found that the nitrogen species are predominantly pyrrole and pyridine types, with evidence of bifunctionality.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated combustion characteristics for different ranks of coal in a one-dimensional vertical tube furnace without external heating, and the relationship between combustion rate and morphology and properties of chars from different coals was discussed.

TL;DR: In this article, a general review of the fate of the solids in the single steps of coal gasification processes is presented, mainly dealing mainly with the interactions between the pyrolysis and gasification reactions on the one hand and the coal and char properties on the other.

TL;DR: In this article, a German gas flame coal was used in a study of the effects of pyrolysis conditions on the reactivity of the subsequent chars (0.1 -0.3 mm particle size) in steam.

TL;DR: In this article, the catalytic activity of coal ash on water-gas shift, steam methane reforming and carbon dioxide methane reforming reactions was studied in an atmospheric fluidized bed over temperatures ranging from 370°C to 900°C.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of solvent composition on coprocessing of coal and petroleum solvents is examined under a variety of reaction conditions, and the effects of solvent modification procedures on enhancing methylene chloride/methanol (MeCl/MeOH) soluble coal conversion and pentane soluble oil production are studied.

TL;DR: In this article, a 30-month investigation into low-temperature oxidation of minerals and macerals in two bituminous coals and related alteration of their technological properties was conducted.

TL;DR: In this paper, 13C CP/MAS NMR has been used for characterization of chemical structure changes in coals after low-temperature oxidation and prolonged demineralization by acid treatment.

TL;DR: In this article, cross-polarization (CP)/magic angle spinning (MAS) carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectrometry has been applied to the analysis of the whole structures of different ranks of coal.

TL;DR: Petrographic analysis on coal and char together with combustion results for the coal in a drop tube furnace reveals that pseudovitrinite was responsible for the combustion problems as mentioned in this paper. But the burnout was considerably lower than for other coals with similar chemical compositions.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared the heat effects of coal char pyrolysis in a hydrogen and in a carbon dioxide atmosphere at atmospheric pressure in the temperature range 300-1050 K at a heating rate of 5 K min−1.

TL;DR: In this paper, an experimental study compared alternate methods for thermal dewatering three low-rank coals from the Western United States, and the dewatered coal products were characterized chemically and physically, and their rheological behavior was determined in the form of a coal/water slurry.

TL;DR: The solid state carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance characterization of a series of 20 Canadian coals ranging in rank from lignite to semi-anthracite is reported in this article.

TL;DR: In this paper, a comparative survey of the kind of information furnished by a number of techniques used for characterizing coal oxidation is presented, focusing on the loss of coking ability on oxidation.

TL;DR: In this paper, an experimental set-up is described for the characterization of organic sulfur-containing functional groups with a temperature programmed reduction method (TPR) and both a low sulfur and a high sulfur coal have been analyzed.

TL;DR: In this paper, the microscopic properties of residues produced from Illinois coal treated under various supercritical alcohol extraction conditions have been conducted, and the degree of coke formation and size of anisotropic units (optical texture) were found to correspond to the extent of desulfurization.

TL;DR: In this article, the behavior of coals in direct liquefaction to compositional properties is reviewed and correlations with sulphur, reactive maceral and volatile matter contents, vitrinite reflectance and H/C ratios are established for coals from particular geological regions.

TL;DR: In this article, a thermogravimetric apparatus is presented which works in the temperature range up to 1100 °C and under pressures up to 100 bar in both inert and reactive atmospheres as e.g. hydrogen and steam.

TL;DR: In this article, a method was developed to quantitatively determine by isotope mass balance the amount of coal incorporated into synthetic oil generated by co-processing of Alberta coals and bitumen.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of toluene-insoluble fractions of coal on the catalytic activities of a Ni-Mo-γ-Al 2 O 3 catalyst were investigated.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the work of Friedrich Bergius, the inventor of high pressure coal hydrogenation in the period 1910-1925, who carried out several thousand experiments, requiring the testing of more than 200 different kinds of coal, before bringing his hydrogenation process to a successful conclusion.

TL;DR: In this paper, a high-vitrinite coking coal (87%C,daf) is subjected both to reductive butylation by treatment with butyl lithium and butyl iodide in tetrahydrofuran and to non-reductive reduction by treatment of butyl ionide and lithium in butyl carbon dioxide.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of heating rate on the change in radical concentration during coal pyrolysis has been studied using high temperature ESR with a rapid scan unit, and the results were compared with those obtained from a theoretical treatment of the kinetics of radical formation.

TL;DR: In this paper, the product distribution from low temperature pyrolysis of a high sulfur Utrillas coal is studied in the 350-600°C interval, runs were carried out under helium (0.1 MPa) in a horizontal fixed bed reactor with a heating rate of 7°C min −1.

TL;DR: Close-coupled operation reactors in integrated two-stage liquefaction is an important development in coal liquefactory technology as mentioned in this paper. But it is difficult to evaluate the performance of such systems.

TL;DR: In this article, a comparison of the respective spectra of the hydrogenated coal and of the coal (C) was made with the purpose to distinguish the hydrogenation products from other material which was released from HC upon heating.

TL;DR: In this article, perchloric acid was chosen as an oxidizing agent because its oxidizing power can be varied by changing its concentration and subsequent boiling point, which is a property that can be used to distinguish the sulfur forms in coal.

TL;DR: In this paper, the development of a novel process for the production of a gas rich in hydrogen and carbon monoxide by means of pressure gasification of pulverized brown coal is discussed.