Showing papers in "Infectious Disease Clinics of North America in 2001"

TL;DR: A review of the immune deficiencies seen in diabetes and an overview of selected infections that are commonly or predominantly seen in diabetics are reviewed.

TL;DR: Clinicians should consider both common and unusual opportunistic infections in patients receiving chronic steroids, including Listeria, many fungi, the herpes viruses, and certain parasites.

TL;DR: Until the biochemical basis of the dysfunction of all the cell types affected are better defined, such exercises cannot be translated into better management of patients with chronic renal failure.

TL;DR: Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus have a higher infection rate than the general population, and improvements in the control of the disease are discussed in this article.

TL;DR: A clinician should promptly evaluate or empirically treat all febrile episodes in hyposplenic patients and consider chemoprophylaxis, secondary to splenectomy or disease state.

TL;DR: The syndromic approach is most accurate when combining the rapidity of clinical presentation and the expression of CNS infection with the defect in host defenses, and a specific diagnosis still is essential in compromised hosts in order to describe effective therapy.

TL;DR: The recognition is the recognition that bacterial antigen testing for the diagnosis of acute bacterial meningitis rarely impacts patient management and is not routinely needed, CSF shunt infections differ from usual meningeal infections and require rapid diagnosis, and TBMeningitis remains a difficult disease to diagnosis but may be confirmed first by PCR testing of CSF.

TL;DR: The rate of infectious complications in SOT recipients has declined dramatically and improvements in immunosuppressive therapy, surgical techniques, and diagnostics and antimicrobial treatment continue, and further declines are expected.

TL;DR: Molecular testing methods have the potential to replace many conventional microbiology laboratory assays as discussed by the authors, however, these platforms are automated and have lowered risks for contamination, decreased costs, and are faster than older platforms.

TL;DR: Further research on the safety and efficacy of maternal immunization must continue if the occurrence of serious infectious diseases in neonates and young infants is to be reduced.

TL;DR: Infections in end-stage renal disease patients are caused by immunosuppressive effects of uremia, and infectious complications related to chronic renal failure in dialysis are reviewed.

TL;DR: The state-of-the-art for susceptibility testing of yeast is comparable with that of bacteria as discussed by the authors, and a proficiency testing program is available as a quality assurance measure for laboratories and has documented steady improvement among laboratories using the NCCLS method.

TL;DR: The types of infections related with cirrhosis, such as bacteremia, urinary tract infections, meningitis, and others, are examined.

TL;DR: As the authors increase their understanding of the HSCT process, and use the immune system rather than relying on high-dose chemotherapy, the authors are likely to reduce toxicities and improve patient outcomes.

TL;DR: Many of the variables that affect the laboratory diagnosis of bacteremia and fungemia have been addressed and the scientific basis and principles for blood cultures are well-established.

TL;DR: Antifungal susceptibility testing has been in routine use now for more than 15 years and has become a useful tool for clinicians who are faced with difficult treatment decision.

TL;DR: The history and development of live attenuated varicella vaccine from its early days in Japan to its widespread use throughout the world and expected to have a major impact on the epidemiology ofvaricella and zoster in countries with high vaccine uptake.

TL;DR: A review of infections in kidney transplant recipients is presented, beginning with a discussion of the pretransplant infectious diseases evaluation and an overview of the timing of infectious posttransplant, and then focusing on individual types of infection.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the differences in the duration of immune dysregulation after stem cell as compared to solid organ transplantation and how these differences affect the immunization strategies recommended for stem cell and solid organ transplants.

TL;DR: According to as discussed by the authors, dialysis-related bloodstream infections are the second leading cause of death in patients undergoing hemodialysis, accounting for up to 10% of all deaths.

TL;DR: The current scientific evidence on several recent vaccine safety controversies is reviewed and information on how various safety research is conducted is provided, some of the concurrent challenges, and some guidance on communicating with patients on vaccine risks is provided.

TL;DR: Patients with chronic renal failure and uremia have impaired host defenses and wound healing that can lead to an increased risk of infection in addition to a frequent need for surgical procedures with synthetic grafts and catheters, which is crucial for infection control and patient survival.

TL;DR: In the years to come the threat of nosocomial infections unfortunately will not be eliminated, while the development of major new parenteral antibiotics cannot be foreseen, so the caregiver/physician himself will probably escape the imminent threat of multiresistant pathogens.

TL;DR: Initial studies have failed to show a significant increase in mortality among HCV-infected hemodialysis or renal transplant patients within the first 5 years following transplantation, but recent studies with extended follow-up of renal transplant recipients suggest that hepatitis C infection may affect patient and graft survival during the second decade.

TL;DR: More and more physicians, who in the past were reluctant to care for patients with HIV and renal failure because of grim prognosis, are now becoming familiar with the renal sequelae and are encouraged by recent favorable results.

TL;DR: A strong case can be made for a policy that focuses on assuring high levels of primary immunization with tetanus and diphtheria (Td) toxoids and abandons the decennial Td booster in favor of a single midlife booster at age 50-65 years.

TL;DR: Preventing transmission of hepatitis B virus infection requires vaccination of susceptible patients and staff, avoiding dialyzer reuse, and use of a dedicated room, dialysis machine, and staff members when treating patients chronically infected with this virus.

TL;DR: Bioterrorism preparedness is clearly a goal for the health care community, working in concert with city, county, state, and federal public health and emergency authorities and in collaboration with law enforcement at the local and federal levels as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: New developments in catheter technology, improved connections, better understanding of patient selection and training programs, improved diagnostic and therapeutic methods in the management of peritonitis, and understanding of the infectious and immune processes are eagerly awaited developments.

TL;DR: An overview of some of the complexities of infectious problems experienced by this unique biological model of end-stage renal disease is given.