Showing papers in "International Journal of Hydrogen Energy in 2001"

TL;DR: The paper presents a survey of biological hydrogen production processes, and the microorganisms and biochemical pathways involved in hydrogen generation processes are presented in some detail.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the steam reforming process, discuss the three principal pathways (steam reforming, partial oxidation, and autothermal reforming), and demonstrate that the process is most efficient when conducted under conditions of thermoneutrality (ΔHr=0).

TL;DR: In this paper, seven common fuels are compared for their utility as hydrogen sources for proton-exchange-membrane fuel cells used in automotive propulsion, and some combination of partial oxidation and steam-reforming of methanol is considered as the leading candidate for on-board generation of hydrogen for automotive propulsion.

TL;DR: In this paper, the processes for hydrogen production discussed in this paper are those for which water is the only material input and hydrogen and oxygen are the only source material outputs: H 2 O + X → XO + H 2 XO → X + 1/2 O 2

TL;DR: In this article, the results of a one-cylinder CFR engine test with mixtures of hydrogen in methane of 0, 20, 40 and 60% by volume were presented.

TL;DR: In this paper, a single-step decomposition of methane and other hydrocarbons over carbon-based catalysts in an air/water free environment is discussed, where clean carbon is produced as a valuable byproduct of the process.

TL;DR: In this paper, two integrated photovoltaic/electrolysis systems were studied, and a high solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency cell demonstrated, where the areas of the PV device and the electrolyzer are identical.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the behavior and performance of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack under fast load commutations and present experimental results for the polarization curves, energy balance sheet, and time response of the fuel cells.

TL;DR: In this paper, a steam reforming of methanol over various base-metal oxide catalysts was studied in a flow reactor in the temperature interval 180-320°C. The active materials were impregnated on γ-alumina pellets using the wet impregnation method and the promoters used in the investigation were chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), and zirconia (Zr).

TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of nickel content in the catalyst on the steam-reforming reaction was analyzed, showing that nickel addition enhances ethanol gasification, increasing the gas yield and reducing acetaldehyde and acetic acid production.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present some recent results on the electrochemical behavior of metal hydride batteries and the mechanisms of the hydrogen evolution reaction (h.r.) taking place.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors found that at room temperature, carbon nanofibers can adsorb up to 0.7wt% at 10.5MPa and 77 to 295K, respectively.

TL;DR: In this paper, the potential for developing a highly efficient, durable and reliable reformer system for automotive applications is considerably higher if dedicated fuel reformers are used instead of applications where all types of fuels ranging from natural gas to heavy diesel fuels can be used.

TL;DR: In this article, a solar photoelectrolysis cell with illuminated AlGaAs/Si RuO2/Ptblack was demonstrated to evolve H2 and O2 at record solar-driven water electrolysis efficiency.

TL;DR: In this article, the nature, causes and consequences of the existence of volcano plots along transition series with resulting theoretical conclusions have been extended on the Brewer hypo-hyper-d-electronic combinations of both intermetallic phases and interionic composites.

TL;DR: In this article, a low-current plasmatron fuel converter with non-equilibrium plasma features was used to convert diesel fuel to hydrogen-rich gas for the regeneration of NOx absorber/adsorbers and particulate traps.

TL;DR: A newly developed technique reported in this article that allows one to significantly improve the thermal conductivity of a metal hydride, LaNi5, is presented and compacts with recompressed expanded graphite were made and their thermal conductivities measurements were taken.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the production process of polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) stacks, identified the ecological contributions of various components and materials and compared the results with impacts due to utilization of the stacks in a vehicle (i.e. hydrogen or methanol production and direct emissions).

TL;DR: In this paper, the photoactivity of a Pt/TiO 2 system in the visible region is improved by the addition of the sensitizer ([Ru(dcbpy) 2 (dpq)] 2+ ) [where dcbpy=4,4′-dicarboxy 2,2′-bipyridine and dpq=2,3-bis-(2′)-quinoxaline] leading to efficient water reduction.

TL;DR: In this article, the results of a parametric and comparative study of adsorption and compressed gas storage of hydrogen as a function of temperature, pressure and adsorbent properties are compared and discussed.

TL;DR: In this article, a CO preferential oxidation (PROX) this article was designed and constructed for 20 kW e PEM fuel cell applications, and is based upon 2×2 l catalyst washcoated compact fin heat exchangers.

TL;DR: In this article, the thermodynamic analysis of a solid oxide fuel cell based on protonic electrolyte (SOFC(H+)) and fed with hydrogen is performed, and the results obtained show that the hydrogen-fed SOFC has an essential advantage as compared to the hydrogen fed SOFC(O2−) regarding the efficiency of chemical energy to electrical power transformation.

TL;DR: In this article, the atomic bond lengths of titania polymorphs, including brookite, anatase, and rutile, were analyzed for a representative octahedron for each phase.

TL;DR: In this article, a pseudo-homogeneous model for the cathode catalyst layer performance in PEM fuel cells is derived from a basic mass-current balance by the control volume approach, considering kinetics of oxygen reduction at the catalyst/electrolyte interface, proton transport through the polymer electrolyte and oxygen diffusion through porous media.

TL;DR: For the first time ever, the main aspects of a move by humankind into the era of an ecologically clean hydrogen energy civilization are being considered as mentioned in this paper, and it has been shown that energy and environmental problems can be averted by changing our energy carrier from fossil fuels to the environmentally clean energy carrier, hydrogen.

TL;DR: In this article, the formation of metal hydride in an Lm−Ni5 storage tank is numerically studied with a continuum mathematical model considering complex heat and mass transfer and chemical reaction in the reaction bed.

TL;DR: In this article, a GM/Crusader V8 SI engine was converted for hydrogen use, to be built in a city bus and a sequential timed multipoint injection system was implemented.

TL;DR: In this paper, the extraction of pure hydrogen from the fermentation of household waste by a mixed anaerobic bacterial flora was demonstrated, where simulated household waste (600 g) was fermented in a bioreactor.

TL;DR: In this paper, the structure and morphology of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were determined employing scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and FT-Raman spectroscopy.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a new method for the storage and production of hydrogen from methane mediated by indium and iron oxides, which can be stored under open-air at room temperature and transported safely.