Showing papers in "Journal of Criminal Justice in 1997"

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used individual-level data from the Ohio correctional bureau to evaluate the efficacy of the relative deprivation model and the importation model for rule violation in prisons.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on the perceptions of correctional officers regarding their participation in decision making and the relationship between organizational stress, physical stress, and thoughts about quitting the job.

TL;DR: This paper found that lower social support from peers, supervisors, and outside work was associated with higher PTSD scores, but not for negatively expressed support, and that these aspects of support would interact with traumatic experiences.

TL;DR: This paper explored whether African Americans and Whites differ in their perceptions of racial injustice in the criminal justice system and found that perceived racism was strongest among the least affluent African Americans, and that the racial divide in perceived criminal injustice both reflects and contributes to a larger racial chasm in how Black and White citizens understand and experience their lives in American society.

TL;DR: Findings indicate that the videotaped arrest had a negative impact on citizens' perceptions of force used by police during arrest situations, but that the effect was substantially greater among non-Caucasians.

TL;DR: In this paper, a comparative analysis of the police and corrections occupations in the criminal justice system is performed using field data and interviews gathered in several American police departments and in correctional sites in the Midwest, and the extent to which these occupations can be characterized by common analytic themes.

TL;DR: Three variables were found to be of particular significance in explaining variation in correctional officers' attitudes: race/ethnicity, size of the town in which the officer was living when the officer entered the academy, and age.

TL;DR: This paper found that belonging to a Fundamentalist denomination or endorsing a literal interpretation of the Bible is associated with support for capital punishment (and other punitive policy proposals) in a Midwestern state and found that the role of religion in attitudes toward capital punishment may not generalize beyond the Bible Belt.

TL;DR: In this article, the relationships between experience and evaluations of court system fairness and institutional legitimacy are different across gender, and separate models for females and males are analyzed, showing major gender differences on experience.

TL;DR: This article found that guilty pleas and sentences were based most heavily on offense severity and race and gender, with Caucasians more than twice as likely to plead not guilty than non-Caucasians.

TL;DR: In this paper, a general conflict model was used to predict a systematic processing bias against socially disadvantaged youths in the juvenile justice system and a specific hypothesis derived from the conflict model, which regards differential treatment as a reflection of the actual threat posed by minorities and the poor in the community.

TL;DR: The authors found that levels of nonreporting, reasons for nonreporting and relations between the public and the police to whom one would report are vastly different among developing countries and between developing and developed countries and that the impact of victim behavior on the accuracy and reliability of official data will be similar across countries.

TL;DR: Initial evidence on the validity of self-report interview data obtained from recently booked arrestees participating in the Drug Use Forecasting (DUF) program is presented to identify factors associated with the accuracy of the DUF self-reports.

TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors examined the characteristics of youth gangs, gang crime, and official punishment in contemporary China, and compared them to those commonly reported in the United States, finding that the organizational level of Chinese youth gangs is low, that the age distribution of offenders committing gang-related crime increases rapidly in the age-range of the mid-teens and then levels off through the early twenties, and that there is a significant association between prior offenses and involvement in gang crime.

TL;DR: The lack of economies of scale requires police officers serving in these remote areas to take a proactive approach and to assume many responsibilities that their urban counterparts would not even consider as discussed by the authors, and the lack of economic and social resources requires police to take an active role in public safety and community service functions.

TL;DR: The use of electronic monitors for home-detention has been studied extensively over the last eleven years as mentioned in this paper, where technological advancement has made practical the use of e-monitor for home detention programs.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors explored the influence of age structure on the number of inmates in state prisons and number of court commitments to prisons and found that the failure of predictions that prison commitments and population would decline is caused by other factors that have stronger impacts than agestructure trends.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined two adjacent neighborhoods in St. Louis, Missouri, one in which traffic modifications were made five years prior to this study and found that crime in the neighborhood where traffic flow was modified had a lower rate of increase in the crime rate than the control neighborhood.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluate the similarities and differences in inmate rule infractions in a traditional jail and a podular/direct jail supervision jail, using chisquare difference tests and logit modeling.

TL;DR: This paper found that those who had attended college were more likely to support the equal effectiveness of males and females, while those with a high school degree or less believed that males were more effective.

TL;DR: In this article, a typology of police patrol conflict/dispute resolution processes/methodologies for addressing social interaction disputes (i.e., public disputes, community-based disputes, and interpersonal disputes).

TL;DR: The analysis revealed sixteen major correctional topic areas where prisoner litigation is likely and high liability issues in corrections are addressed and recommendations are presented.

TL;DR: A review of the portrayal of homicide in TV crime dramas is not completely consistent with the official data as mentioned in this paper, and an adequate explanation of cause, beyond the plot motive, is lacking in the dramatic portrayal of homicides.

TL;DR: In this paper, a survey of police agencies concerning relevant policies and practices as well as actual incidents of recent pursuits that have occurred in their jurisdictions is presented, along with policy trends, officer training, agency procedures, discipline, and recent litigation.

TL;DR: This paper investigated whether a large increase in jail capacity in Orange County, Florida increased daily jail incarceration levels above that expected on the basis of preexisting incarceration trends and police activity and found that the number of daily arrests made by police is of little consequence in predicting levels of jail incarceration.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors address the general problems associated with using citation as a measure of intellectual influence and the particular problems found in using textbook citations for that purpose, drawing from a considerable literature in the sociology of science.