Showing papers in "Journal of Hazardous Materials in 1997"

TL;DR: In this article, a brief introduction to gas explosion safety is given, based on current knowledge of the subject and on experience in applying this knowledge to practical problems in the industry, including cloud formation, gas explosions, blast waves and structural response.

TL;DR: In this article, it is shown that the physicochemical properties of the matrix are time dependent and that the intrinsic performance of blended cement matrices improves with maturation, and that matrix interactions with waste species are characterised using chromium, molybdenum, uranium and arsenic as examples.

TL;DR: In this article, the influence of aqueous phase properties (pH, ionic strength and divalent metal ion concentration) on clay particle zeta potential and packed-bed electro-osmotic permeability was quantified.

TL;DR: In this article, pine bark was used for the sorption of the following metals from aqueous solutions with the indicated order of capacity (mass basis): Pb2+ > Cd2+) > Cu2+> Ni2+

TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of soil mineralogy and naturally occurring hematite (Fe2O3) on the removal of chromium from these soils was investigated by electrokinetic experiments on three different types of soil: glacial till, kaolin and Na-montmorillonite.

TL;DR: In this article, the feasibility of enhanced extraction of metals from high sorption capacity soils by using acetic acid to neutralize the cathode electrolysis reaction and also the use of an ion selective (NafionTM) membrane to prevent back-transport of the OH− generated at the cathodes was investigated.

TL;DR: In this paper, the feasibility of mobilizing precipitated heavy metals by delivering complexing agents into soils by ionic migration was investigated, and EDTA, a widely available non-toxic chelating agent, was selected as the complexing agent.

TL;DR: In this article, two different criteria based on the maximum explosion pressure are used to define the flammability limit, the tangent criterion and the min-max criterion, and it is shown that the minmax criterion should be used to determine the upper flammable limit (UFL), because the Tangent criterion underestimates the UFL at initial pressures higher than ambient.

TL;DR: In this paper, the feasibility of using electrokinetics to extract contaminants from soils has been established by bench-scale laboratory experiments and small-scale field tests, but the physics and chemistry associated with the innovative remediation technology are not yet fully understood.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used electrophoresis as a tool for bacterial dispersion in situ, and showed that the net negative surface charge of bacteria in a solution at neutral pH caused electrokinetic transport of the cells through sand towards the anode in a dc electric field.

TL;DR: In this article, the performance of electrokinetic dewatering of a phosphate clay was investigated in an experimental program and the results showed that the velocity of sedimentation is controlled by the applied current density and that electro-osmotic permeability dominates the effectiveness of electro-kinetic consolidation.

TL;DR: In this article, the time dependance of evaporation was studied for several crude oils and petroleum oil products, determined by weight loss measured on a balance and recorded constantly on a computer.

TL;DR: In this paper, waste-binder interference effects can significantly alter the short and long term mechanical, microstructural and binding characteristics of solidified waste forms containing materials from a wide variety of waste streams and this lends support to the need for critical evaluation of current waste form quality control procedures and the development of additional pre-treatment/alternative treatment methods.

TL;DR: In this article, an equilibrium analysis was performed to determine the impact of the variations in the moisture and sodium contents in the solid waste feed on heavy metal speciation in municipal solid waste (MSW) incinerators.

TL;DR: In this article, two series of electrokinetic experiments have been conducted on kaolinite to study the effects of current density and influent pH on electro-kinetic processing, and the results showed that the flow rate increases as the current density increases.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the removal of copper (Cu) from an industrially heavy-metal-contaminated soil, using the application of electric current, using a sequential extraction procedure to monitor changes in the chemical associations of Cu during the electrokinetic treatment of the soil.

TL;DR: The first field test of the Lasagna process was successfully completed in May of 1995 at a DOE site in Paducah, KY, which has clayey soil contaminated with trichloroethylene as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this paper, a shrinking unreacted core (SUC) model was proposed to evaluate the leaching behavior of cement-based solidified wastes in order to verify that previously observed behavior in synthesized waste forms applied equally as well to real world wastes.

TL;DR: In this article, the 29Si solid state magic angle spinning/nuclear magnetic resonance (29Si MAS NMR ), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) was used to confirm that chromium nitrate can increase the extent of tricalcium silicate hydration.

TL;DR: In this paper, the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) leachability of As III and As V from various solidification-stabilization (S S ) binders has been studied over a period of four years.

TL;DR: In this paper, five types of cement and two pozzolans were used to investigate the influence of carbonation on the properties of solidified waste forms and found that carbonation plays an important role in the hydration of the binder waste form mix.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors characterize pollutant retention in wastes solidified with hydraulic binders in order to predict the long-term leaching behavior of heavy metals (lead, etc.) contained in the stabilized/solidified wastes.

TL;DR: In this article, a conductive solution is inserted between the cathode and the soil being treated, and heavy metals are transported out of the soil and precipitated in the conductive solutions.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors demonstrate that electroosmosis can be very effective for removing a water-soluble organic from low-permeability silty clay soil from a DuPont site in the eastern U.S. Concentrations were reduced below detection levels by electroosmotically driving 1.5 pore volumes of water through the soil.

TL;DR: An electroflotation device was built using a platinum-clad columbium screen as anode, and a stainless steel screen as cathode, which was used successfully to remove Ni, Zn, Pb, Cu CN in a polluted groundwater obtained from directly under a contaminated site, meeting the pretreatment standards of the pollutants for the local POWT sewer system as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this article, the effect of pH on the concentration of metals leached from coal combustion ash and to measure the toxicity of the leachates was studied. But the results of this study were limited.

TL;DR: In this paper, a new electrokinetic technology has been developed for in-situ decontamination of hexavalent chromium in sand, where a constant potential gradient across the soil matrix through a graphite cathode and an iron anode resulted in successful migration of chromate towards the anode.