Showing papers in "Journal of Membrane Science in 1997"

TL;DR: In this paper, the role of chemical and physical interactions in natural organic matter (NOM) fouling of nanofiltration membranes is systematically investigated, and it is demonstrated that the rate of fouling is controlled by an interplay between permeation drag and electrostatic double layer repulsion.

TL;DR: In this article, an asymmetric nanofiltration membrane (Hoechst, PES5) has been characterised by three different techniques: modelling of the rejection of simple salts, modelling of rejection of uncharged solutes and atomic force microscopy.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared the fouling behavior of cellulose acetate and aromatic polyamide thin-film composite reverse osmosis (RO) membranes at identical initial permeation rates.

TL;DR: Theoretical O2 permeability and selectivity predictions for optimized membranes of zeolite 4A and carbon molecular sieves (CMS) in Ultem® and Udel® matrices using two idealized expressions based on classical and more recent results are presented in this paper.

TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of this fabric on osmotic permeation flux was examined, mostly with a Toray CA-3000 membrane from which, with care, it was possible to remove the support fabric.

TL;DR: In this paper, a method for predicting permselectivity behavior of polymers was proposed, using an empirical modification of a free volume scheme that has been used in the past with some success.

TL;DR: In this article, Wang et al. developed the electrostatic and steric-hindrance (ES) model from the SHP model and the Teorell-Meyer-Sievers (TMS) model to predict the transport performance of charged solutes through NF membranes based on their charged pore structure.

TL;DR: In this paper, a tubular-type module with ca. 0.5 m2 membrane area was composed of 17 pieces of zeolite membrane using 65 wt% alumina content substrate.

TL;DR: In this article, a microscopic model of the layer formation and the cake growth at the crossflow microfiltration was introduced, which considers the hydrodynamic, adhesive and friction forces acting on a single particle during the filtration process.

TL;DR: In this article, five different chemically modified versions of polysulfone were prepared via two different homogeneous chemical reaction pathways, and each membrane was then exposed to deionized water, 0.08 g/l bovine serum albumin solution and deionised water using a standard filtration procedure to simulate protein fouling and cleaning potential.

TL;DR: The behavior of bipolar membranes in NaCl and Na2SO4 solutions is discussed in this paper, where they are characterized in terms of their limiting current densities and a drastic increase in the membrane resistance and enhanced water dissociation is observed.

TL;DR: In this article, the transition from concentration polarization to cake formation was studied for the membrane filtration of colloidal silica by imposing flux and observing the system response, and it was observed that once J crit is exceeded, the colloids in the polarized layer formed a consolidated cake structure that is slow to depolarize and which reduced the flux.

TL;DR: In this paper, α-alumina ceramic membranes (0.2 and 0.8 μm pore sizes) and a surface-modified polyacrylonitrile membrane ( 0.1 μm size) were tested with an oily water, containing various concentrations (250-1000 ppm) of heavy crude oil droplets of 1-10 μm diameter.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors explored the mass transfer mechanism for SO2 diffusion through gas filled pores by simple measurements in order to identify suitable membrane structures for use in contactors for flue gas cleaning.

TL;DR: In this paper, a more rigorous development of the stagnant film model is presented, providing a much firmer mathematical justification for this approach as well as a more quantitative description of the limitations of this model.

TL;DR: In this article, the influence of the filler content on overall membrane permeability has been studied theoretically, and the maximum change in membrane selectivity is a function of filler content only, irrespective of matrix and filler permeabilities.

TL;DR: In this article, the fundamental gas transport properties of thin films of six high performance polymers were evaluated in the presence of silicon dioxide particles inside the 200 A.D. (DIA) pores of Anopore™ aluminum oxide membranes.

TL;DR: In this paper, a polyethersulfone (PES) membrane with a skin layer of 474 A was constructed using a one-polymer and one-solvent system.

TL;DR: In this paper, a nano-composite membrane based on a fluorinated poly(amide-imide) and TiO2 was fabricated by a sol-gel method.

TL;DR: In this article, Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR), wide angle X-ray diffractometer, dielectric analyzer, and universal testing machine were used for the characterization of chitosan-poly(acrylic acid) complex membrane.

TL;DR: In this article, a composite RO membrane with high salt rejection and high flux for the desalination of seawater was prepared by treating a porous polysulfone (PS) support sequentially with a di-amine and then with a polyfunctional acid chloride, thereby forming a thin film of polyamide (PA) on the PS support.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of feed concentration and temperature on the separation performance of composite and homogeneous chitosan based membranes were investigated for the pervaporation dehydration of isopropanol-water systems.

TL;DR: In this article, the permeability coefficients of perfluoro-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxole-tetrafluoroethylene copolymers were determined with respect to different gases (He, H2, O2, N2, CO2, hydrocarbons C1C3).

TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of silica particles prepared by the sol-gel technique on the gas transport properties of a polyimide film was studied and correlated with morphological changes in the polymer structure.

TL;DR: In this article, the use of a gas-liquid two-phase flow to reduce particle membrane fouling in organic hollow fibres by injecting air directly into the feed stream was investigated.

TL;DR: In this article, a post-synthetic coking treatment is performed by impregnating these membranes with liquid 1,3,5-triisopropylbenzene (TIPB) for 24 h at room temperature and then calcining them in air at 500°C for 2 h.

TL;DR: In this article, modified polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membranes are modified utilizing surface modifying macromolecules, and the performance of the modified and control membranes is subsequently evaluated in treating oil/water emulsions as well as pure water.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the impact of several operating parameters on fouling including flux, concentrate velocity in hollow fibers, backwash frequency, and transmembrane pressure.

TL;DR: A generalized equation relating the modified Peclet number to the concentration polarization occurring in the boundary layer is proposed and shown applicable to the majority of membrane separation processes like gas separations, reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration, pervaporation, and dissolved gas permeation in liquid as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: Two examples will be discussed to demonstrate that neglecting the bulk flux contribution might lead researchers to incorrect conclusions on the material science aspects of the membrane separation.