Showing papers in "Journal of Natural Fibers in 2018"
TL;DR: In this paper, an attempt has been made to develop and characterize natural fiber-based composites (jute/epoxy, hemp/epoxide, flax/polypropoxy) and their hybrid composites.
Abstract: In the present study, an attempt has been made to develop and characterize natural fiber-based composites (jute/epoxy, hemp/epoxy, flax/epoxy) and their hybrid composites (jute/hemp/epoxy, hemp/fla...
169 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the physicico-chemical properties of Dichrostachys Cinerea fibers extracted from the bark of the Dilemma plant were analyzed and showed the possibility of reinforcement in polymer matrices.
Abstract: The increasing environmental awareness has directed attention of the researchers towards the field of natural fiber composites. The aim of this investigation is to understand the physico-chemical properties of fibers extracted from the bark of the Dichrostachys Cinerea (DC) plant. Dichrostachys Cinerea fibers (DCFs) has cellulose (72.4 wt. %), hemicellulose (13.08 wt. %), lignin (16.89 wt. %), density (1240 kg/m3), crystallinity index (57.82%), and tensile strength (873 ± 14 MPa). Besides the cellulose degradation of DCFs at 359.3° vide by the thermo-gravimetric analysis and chemical groups are identified by Fourier transform analysis. Eventually the characterization results of DCFs strongly show the possibility of reinforcement in polymer matrices.
122 citations
TL;DR: In this article, natural fibers are one of effective substitute for switching artificial fiber and concentrating to reinforce polymer matrixes due to their decomposable character. This study was implied to...
Abstract: Natural fibers are one of effective substitute for switching artificial fiber and concentrating to reinforce polymer matrixes due to their decomposable character. This study was implied to ...
117 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the chemical composition of Azadirachta indica fibers (AIFs), high cellulose (68.42% content, and low lignin (13.58% content) were discovered.
Abstract: This research study was aimed at examining newly identified natural fiber from the bark of Azadirachta indica (AI). The various properties were analyzed and compared with other available bark fibers. The chemical composition of Azadirachta indica fibers (AIFs), high cellulose (68.42 wt.%) content, and low lignin (13.58 wt.%) were discovered. The lower density of 740 kg/m3, and crystallinity index of 65.04% properties were identified. The maximum peak temperature obtained was 321.2 °C in Differential thermogravimetry (DTG) curve. Taken together, all the properties of AIFs indicated that they could be suitable to make green composites for various types of applications.
102 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the chemical, physical, and mechanical properties of corn husk fibers treated with different concentrations of NaOH (0.5, 1, 2, 5, and 8%) for 2 hours were investigated.
Abstract: This paper focuses on the chemical, physical, and mechanical properties of corn husk fibers treated with different concentrations of NaOH (0.5%, 1%, 2%, 5%, and 8%) for 2 h. The results show that treatment with NaOH removed the hemicellulose and lignin in the fibers and decreased the moisture content. Consequently, the chemical, physical, and mechanical properties of the treated fibers were greatly improved. Scanning electron microscopy analysis indicated the presence of rough surfaces and a number of lumens inside the fiber bundles. The results suggest that the treated corn husk fibers exhibited better mechanical properties than fiberglass.
90 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of alkali, silane, and combination between alkali (6%) and silane (2%) on physical and mechanical properties of SPF to improve interfacial bonding with thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) matrices were investigated.
Abstract: Sugar palm fibers (SPF) are one of valuable natural fibers which are abundantly available in Malaysia as agricultural biomass. The aim of this study to investigate on the effects of alkali, silane, and combination between alkali (6%) and silane (2%) on physical and mechanical properties of SPF to improve interfacial bonding of SPF with thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) matrices. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to observe the effectiveness of the alkali and saline treatments in the removal of impurities. Silane treated SPF exhibits better tensile strength than those of alkali, alkali-silane treated and untreated SPF. Droplet test indicates that the interfacial stress strength (IFSS) of alkali and silane treated SPF are enhanced whereas silane treated fibers exhibit highest IFSS. It is assumed that fiber treatments will help to develop high performance SPF reinforced polymer composites for industrial applications.
87 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors have analyzed the properties of Ceiba pentandra bark fibers (CPFs) such as chemical analysis, Fourier Transform-Infrared Analysis (FTIR), X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and Differential Thermal Graphimetric Analysis (DTG) analysis.
Abstract: Owing to their low weight-to-high strength ratio and recyclable features, the natural fibers are the most potential choice in place of synthetic fibers and been used as reinforcement materials in polymer matrix composites. Characterization of Ceiba pentandra bark fibers (CPFs) such chemical analysis, Fourier Transform-Infrared Analysis (FTIR), X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and Differential thermogravimetric analysis (DTG) analysis has analyzed. CPFs contain 60.9% (w/w) of cellulose, 17.5% (w/w) of hemicellulose, and 23.5% (w/w) of lignin. Besides, its density and crystallinity index are 682 kg m−3 and 57.94%, respectively. TG and DTG analysis discovered that CPFs are thermally stable up to 342.1°C. Further, all the resources of CPFs ensured that it can be an excellent alternative for synthetic fibers in polymer matrix composites.
83 citations
TL;DR: In this article, agricultural processing wastes of onion and garlic, stalks and skins, were investigated by determining their chemical composition and characterizati ciziotemporal characterisation.
Abstract: As a new lingo-cellulosic natural fiber sources, agricultural processing wastes of onion and garlic, stalks and skins, were investigated by determining their chemical composition and characterizati...
78 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a weed waste typically called White Madar is used as filler for composite composites, which performs key tasks in enhancing the strength of the composites and is ground to powder and then ground to white madar powder.
Abstract: Filler performs key tasks in enhancing the strength of the composites. Calotropis gigantea is a weed waste typically called White Madar, widely grown in Asian countries. It is ground to powder and ...
69 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the newly identified Sida cordifolia fibers (SCFs) characterized by chemical analysis, single fiber tensile test, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTG), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and atomic force microscopy (AFM).
Abstract: Natural fibers are the one worthy substitute for replacing synthetic fibers and used as a polymer reinforcement due to their eco-friendly nature. This investigation deals with the newly identified Sida cordifolia fibers (SCFs) characterized by chemical analysis, single fiber tensile test, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTG), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The chemical constituents of SCFs contains cellulose (69.52%), hemicellulose (17.63%), and lignin (18.02. %). The SCFs are thermally stable up to a temperature of 338.2°C evidenced by TGA analysis. The X-ray diffraction confirmed that SCFs were rich in cellulose fraction with a crystallinity index of 56.92%.
69 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the natural fiber Epipremnum aureum was extracted from its plant and the EAFs were investigated by chemical analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction, etc.
Abstract: The natural fiber Epipremnum aureum was extracted from its plant. E. aureum fibers (EAFs) were investigated by chemical analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction, ...
TL;DR: In this article, the use of Calotropis gigantea bast fibers as potential reinforcement in polymer composites was examined and the results showed that the bast fibers were extracted from the C. Gigantea plant.
Abstract: The aim of this study is to scrutinize the use of Calotropis gigantea bast fibers as potential reinforcement in polymer composites. The bast fibers were extracted from the Calotropis gigantea plant...
TL;DR: In this paper, the surface of swollen finger grass fibers (CBF) was examined using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) for observing the surface morphology and the thermal behavior of CBFs was determined using TG and DTG curves from Thermo gravimetric (TG) analysis.
Abstract: Natural swollen finger grass fibers being novel are botanically known as “Chloris barbata fibers (CBFs)” and are selected for this study in order to understand their morphological properties. The CBF has higher cellulose (65.37 wt%) content and lower density (634 kg/m3). Crystallinity Index (CI) of CBF was calculated from X-ray diffraction studies and is valued as 50.29%. The surface of CBF was examined using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) for observing the surface morphology. Structural characterization and Chemical functional group were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The thermal behavior of CBFs was determined using TG and DTG curves from Thermo gravimetric (TG) analysis. Findings show that the fiber has a semi-elongated nearly circular cross-sectional shape, the fiber diameter is between 180 and 200 μm. TG analysis revealed that these fibers are thermally stable until 210°C. Thus the characterization results confirm the possibility of using CBF for the manuf...
TL;DR: In this paper, jute fiber has been used as reinforcement and epoxy polymer composites were used as epoxy composites for growing environmental concerns have led many researchers to work in the area of natural fiber reinforced polymer composite composites.
Abstract: Nowadays, growing environmental concerns have led many researchers to work in the area of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites. In this work, jute fiber has been used as reinforcement and ep...
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of chemical treatments on the properties of cantala fiber as well as on the quality of the interfacial bonding of rHDPE was investigated and the results showed that the loss of hemicellulose and lignin after the alkali treatment, and the presence of a silane layer on the fiber surface after the silane or alkali-silane treatment, improved the thermal stability, surface energy, and IFSS.
Abstract: The influence of chemical treatments on the properties of cantala fiber as well as on the quality of the interfacial bonding of cantala fiber/rHDPE was investigated. The fibers were treated with alkali, silane, and a combination of both. The results showed that the loss of hemicellulose and lignin after the alkali treatment, and the presence of a silane layer on the fiber surface after the silane or alkali-silane treatment, improved the thermal stability, surface energy, and IFSS. The highest surface energy of 45.37 mN/m was obtained during the alkali treatment (NF12). The alkali-silane treatment with 0.75% wt of silane (NSF075) gave the highest thermal stability and IFSS value.
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of pre-treatment and properties of ramie fibers reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) composite were studied, and the optimum processing parameters were identified based on the tensile, bending and impact strengths improvement from various tested samples.
Abstract: The comparative advantage of using vegetable fibers as reinforcement (fillers) attracted manufacturing industries over conventional composites. Natural fibers are purely green features that can easily decompose in a normal way to water and CO2 when encountered with moisture during their disposal. In this research, the effect of pre-treatment and properties of ramie fibers reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) composite were studied. Before the composite preparation, ramie fibers were soaked in a solution of alkali (sodium hydroxide) and silane coupling agent to provide better compatibility between ramie fibers and PLA interface. Additionally, a design containing nine samples was conducted to study the effect of temperature, fiber volume ratio, molding pressure and time on composite fabrication. From the results, optimum processing parameters were identified based on the tensile, bending and impact strengths improvement from various tested samples. Furthermore, this study highlights the degradation proc...
TL;DR: In this article, the impact of surface modification on properties of flax fiber and flax-reinforced composites was examined by using contact angle, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy.
Abstract: The aim of this study is to examine the impact of surface modification on properties of flax fiber and flax-reinforced composites For this purpose, acetic anhydride, sodium hydroxide, and silane were used to treat surface of the flax fiber The effects of treatments on fiber were investigated by using contact angle, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) Contact angle and AFM results revealed that sodium hydroxide-treated flax fibers have higher adhesion force on the fiber surface Particularly, NaOH treatment improved the mechanical properties of the epoxy matrix composite
TL;DR: In this paper, the chemical, physically, thermally, and morphologically properties of Salago fiber were characterized for the first time, and it was found that the treatment increases density and improves the mechanical properties of the fiber.
Abstract: Salago fiber (genus wikstroemia spp.) is a bast natural fiber native of the Philippines. This fiber is found all over this country and has various applications, e.g. as handmade paper, currency paper, or bank notes. In this study, untreated and 5 wt% NaOH-treated Salago fibers was characterized chemically, physically, thermally, and morphologically for the first time. It was found that the treatment increases density and improves the mechanical properties of the fiber. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed stretching O–H and C–H alkane groups at 3330 cm−1 and 2918 cm−1 respectively and confirmed lignin reduction for the treated fiber. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that treated fibers possessed greater thermal stability. Scanning electron micrographs used to measure fiber diameters showed the rugged surfaces of untreated fibers and the glossier but more distorted surfaces of the treated ones.
TL;DR: Using biopolymer cellulose as the matrix and tamarind nut powder (TNP) obtained from agricultural waste of tamarisind nuts as the filler, the green composites were made as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Using biopolymer cellulose as the matrix and tamarind nut powder (TNP) obtained from agricultural waste of tamarind nuts as the filler, the green composites were made. Cellulose was dissolved in environmental friendly solvent of aq. 8 wt. % Lithium hydroxide and 15 wt. % urea which was precooled to −12 ° C. To the cellulose solutions, TNP was added in 5 wt. % to 25 wt. % of cellulose separately. Each solution was evenly spread on glass plates and the wet composites were prepared by regeneration method using ethyl alcohol coagulation bath. The wet films were dried in air at room temperature. The dried composite films were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis and also tested for their tensile properties. The tensile strength and the % elongation at break of the composites were higher than those of the matrix and increased with TNP content. While the matrix had a tensile strength of 111.8 MPa, the cellulose/TNP composite loaded with 25 wt.% TNP possessed a...
TL;DR: In this paper, the main focus of the present research work was to explore mechanical and tribological properties of Himalayan nettle fiber and unsaturated polyester resin (GP) using hand lay-up method.
Abstract: The main focus of the present research work was to explore mechanical and tribological properties of Himalayan nettle fiber and unsaturated polyester resin (GP) using hand lay-up method. Four composite laminates were prepared by adding the Himalayan nettle fibers by weight percentage (5%–20%). The various properties (e.g., tensile strength, hardness, impact strength, and abrasion wear) were calculated for the composite laminates. It was found that the significant variation in properties was observed when fiber addition was in the range 15%. The change in the properties was negligible when fiber addition was increased from 15% by weight.
TL;DR: Sugarcane bagasse fibers were pre-treated with sulfuric acid solution to improve the mechanical properties of polypropylene (PP) composites for automotive parts as discussed by the authors, which was used maleic anhydrid...
Abstract: Sugarcane bagasse fibers were pre-treated with sulfuric acid solution to improve the mechanical properties of polypropylene (PP) composites for automotive parts. It was used maleic anhydrid...
TL;DR: In this article, the results confirmed that natural dye from Sterculia foetida fruit shell extract has potential applications for linen dyeing and producing a good to very good UPF.
Abstract: There has been a growing interest in natural dyes and consciousness about ill effects of ultraviolet rays on the human skin. This paper discusses dye extraction from the fruit shell waste of Sterculia foetida and its application on linen fabric for dyeing as well as ultraviolet protection (UPF) property. Optimal results were achieved for dyeing at 90°C for 60 min at 30% concentration of the dye on the weight of fabric using pre- and post-mordant dyeing techniques. Dyeing on linen fabric with and without mordant showed very good results in terms of different hues of color and UPF. Treated fabrics showed substantial increase in color depth and good to very good wash, light and rubbing fastness properties for both with and without mordant-dyed linen fabrics. The results confirmed that natural dye from Sterculia foetida fruit shell extract has potential applications for linen dyeing and producing a good to very good UPF.
TL;DR: In this article, the possibilities of using hemp fiber as a loose-fill insulation material were presented, and the results of research concerning raw hemp fiber obtained from the Polish crop were presented.
Abstract: The article presents the possibilities of using hemp fiber as a loose-fill insulation material. The article presents the results of research concerning raw hemp fiber obtained from the Polish crop ...
TL;DR: In this article, borassus and tamarind fruit fibers were extracted and their physical and mechanical properties such as diameter, density, tensile strength and interfacial adhesion strength were analyzed.
Abstract: In this study borassus and tamarind fruit fibers were extracted and their physical and mechanical properties such as diameter, density, tensile strength and interfacial adhesion strength (IAS) were...
TL;DR: In this article, an eco-friendly dyeing of cotton fabrics with Reactive Golden Yellow K-2RA was carried out using supercritical carbon dioxide fluid with different humidity, and the effect of dyeing temperature, pressure, time, dye concentration, and gas humidity on the dyeing properties of cellulose was investigated.
Abstract: An eco-friendly dyeing of cotton fabrics with Reactive Golden Yellow K-2RA was carried out using supercritical carbon dioxide fluid with different humidity. Effect of dyeing temperature, pressure, time, dye concentration, and gas humidity on the dyeing properties of cellulose was investigated. The results indicated that good dyeing effect was achieved because of the nucleophilic substitution reaction of monochlorotriazine reactive group in Reactive Golden Yellow K-2RA and hydroxyl functional groups in cotton. The color strength of dyed samples was improved with the variation of dyeing conditions. An optimized eco-friendly dyeing of cellulose fabrics was recommended with a dyeing temperature of 90°C, a dyeing pressure of 20 MPa, a dye concentration of 5%, and gas humidity of 5% for 60 min in supercritical carbon dioxide fluid. Furthermore, acceptable washing, rubbing and light fastness rated over 4 were obtained.
TL;DR: A reserved-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with the diode-array detection (DAD) method was utilized for the identification of the components of dyes present in the all dyed and post-mordanted samples.
Abstract: Silk fabric samples were mordanted with alum [KAl(SO4)2.12H2O]. Then, the samples were dyed with cochineal (Dactylopius coccus Costa) and gall oak (Quercus infectoria Olivier) shellac extracts. Opt...
TL;DR: In this article, degumming of Chinese bivoltine raw silk fibres with alkaline protease produced by Beauveria sp. (MTCC 5184) was studied.
Abstract: Conventionally, degumming is carried out at 90°C--110°C temperature by boiling the raw silk with Marseilles soap and sodium bicarbonate which eventually requires a lot of water and energy. In this study, degumming of Chinese bivoltine raw silk fibres with alkaline protease produced by Beauveria sp. (MTCC 5184) is studied. Complete degumming was obtained in 45 min with 75 units of enzyme per gram of silk. Degumming was found to be optimal at 50°C and pH 9.0. Scanning electron micrographs showed that the sericin deposits were removed and the obtained fibres were clean, separated, had smooth feel with shine as compared to untreated fibres. Sericin isolated from silk cocoon (by-product which goes waste) was hydrolyzed with the same alkaline protease obtained from Beauveria sp. to get small molecular weight peptides. These peptides can be utilized further for cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and various industrial applications.
TL;DR: In this paper, ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) were in situ synthesized by the sonochemical method at room temperature on both untreated and plasma pre-treated cotton woven fabric.
Abstract: In this research work, ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) were in situ synthesized by the sonochemical method at room temperature on both untreated and plasma pre-treated cotton woven fabric. Air plasma w...
TL;DR: In this article, the degummed mulberry silk waste and eri silk waste were blended with degumming and bleached pineapple leaf fibers (PALF) at fiber stage in different proportions, and spun into yarn in a jute spinni...
Abstract: The degummed mulberry silk waste and eri silk waste were blended with degummed and bleached pineapple leaf fibers (PALF) at fiber stage in different proportions, and spun into yarn in a jute spinni...
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of extraction methods on the properties of althea officinalis l. (marshmallow) fibers was investigated by using X-ray diffraction.
Abstract: In this study, the effect of extraction methods on the properties of Althea officinalis l. (marshmallow) fibers was investigated. For this purpose, obtaining the fibers from stem was done by water and chemical extraction. After the extraction process, mechanical and thermal properties of althea fibers were investigated and morphological structure was examined. Crystallinity indexes (CI) of fibers were determined. Scanning electron microscopy results revealed that extraction of althea officinalis fibers by alkali boiling in 5% NaOH solution led to removal of surface impurities and also according to X-ray diffraction results, crystallinity index of fibers was improved by 14%. Chemically extracted fibers showed 37% higher tensile strength when compared to water extracted fibers. Density measurements revealed that chemically retted fibers have higher density. Also, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analysis showed that chemical extraction caused change of chemical composition by decreasing and/o...