Showing papers in "Legal Medicine in 2013"

TL;DR: The results suggested that maternal smoking were associated with elevated SIDS risk, the effects were dose-dependent and SIDSrisk was significantly increased in infants co-sleeping with postnatal smoking mothers.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that scapulae can be used for stature estimation; in the authors' sample LSL was found to have a better correlation with stature then TSL.

TL;DR: The present study revealed that soil properties and textures should be taken into account in evaluation of decomposition and estimating postmortem interval in crime scene investigation.

TL;DR: The results of the presented study demonstrate that the issue of the false-positive diatom test should not be a logical impediment to the performance of the diatom method, however, strict and standardized protocols aimed at avoiding contamination during sample preparation must be used, appropriate separation values set and taxonomic analysis of all diatoms performed.

TL;DR: CT-scan is second to none in demonstrating features as pneumencephalon, facial fractures, midline shifts, air embolism, pneumothorax, and pelvic bones fractures, though the firing range assessment remains beyond post-mortem imaging possibilities, at least at the current state of knowledge.

TL;DR: Though postmortem angiography examination has not been well-established for the diagnosis of acute coronary thrombosis, luminal filling defects in coronary arteries suggesting acute thromBoses can be observed through angiographic and subsequently confirmed by autopsy and histological examinations.

TL;DR: In this article, population genetic data of 21 autosomal short tandem repeat (STRs) were obtained in a sample of 106 unrelated healthy individuals of Bai ethnic minority born in the Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province.

TL;DR: It is argued that a small percentage, but significant number of neonates, suffer birth related complications and findings secondary to the development of chronic subdural hematoma CSDH) that are often misdiagnosed as abusive head trauma.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed quantitative PCR assays to determine the extent of DNA degradation and the number of detectable loci in short tandem repeat (STR) analysis from degraded DNA.

TL;DR: It is concluded that Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV led to the patient's death because of pulmonary hemorrhage, and it is important to consider EDS as a potential cause of sudden death.

TL;DR: The authors highlight the value of collaborations between police forensic experts and forensic medicine institutes through the incorporation of 3D-MSCT data in a crime scene reconstruction, which is of great interest in forensic science as a clear visual communication tool between experts and the court.

TL;DR: Under controlled loading, despite seemingly similar butterfly fracture morphology, fresh ribs (representing perimortem trauma) show a non-catastrophic response and it appears that the periosteum may play a key role in imparting the observed pseudo-ductility to the ribs.

TL;DR: Facial image identification using the 2D/3D facial image superimposition system demonstrated adequate statistical power and identified an individual with high accuracy, suggesting its usefulness, there is a need to keep familiar with the morphology and anatomy as its base.

TL;DR: The most discriminating loci were FGA (PD = 0.965) and D2S1338 (PD < 0.0458) with the exception of the D13S317 (P-value = 0.,0.0477) and TPOX (P − 0.096).

TL;DR: Testing if the concentrations of breakdown products of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) correlate with PMI in multiple organs from rat indicates that the K value is a robust index for the estimation of PMI based on highly significant linear correlations between PMI and concentrations of ATP breakdown products.

TL;DR: The study shows that HbA1c analysis is a valuable tool alongside glucose and ketone body analysis in determining the metabolic state of deceased persons in medicolegal autopsies.

TL;DR: A verification of the thermodynamic model allowing an estimation of the time of death (TOD) by calculating the post mortem interval (PMI) based on a single eyeball temperature measurement at the death scene with an accuracy of ±1h for a 95% confidence interval is presented.

TL;DR: A new rapid, sensitive and accurate genotyping method using a fast real-time PCR system with the TaqMan® Sample-to-SNP™ Kit that could be useful for forensic casework.

TL;DR: Three cases of electrocution are described and metallization by histological examination and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis in tissues of typical or atypical current marks are detected.

TL;DR: Three dimensional pubic bone images were analyzed to quantify some age-dependent morphological changes of the symphyseal faces of contemporary Japanese residents to examine concavo-convex condition of the surfaces.

TL;DR: The present method is capable of improving evaluation of the postmortem lung in the presence of single stab or gunshot wounds and if there is no severe destruction of the respiratory system and aspiration.

TL;DR: In this dataset the west Eurasian haplogroups predominated over the African haplog groups, and high mtDNA diversity was observed with genetic diversity and power of discrimination, 0.9982 and 0.9883, respectively.

TL;DR: This case underlines the necessity to critically analyze PMCT and PMCTA images in order to distinguish between artifacts, true pathologies and iatrogenic findings.

TL;DR: Bamboo was the instrument causing the injuries and the case was considered as accident, and the facial impalement injury was small and unobtrusive.

TL;DR: A multiplex mutagenically separated (MS) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) system was developed for simultaneous rapid detection of 14 coding region SNPs and one deletion motif representing common mtDNA haplogroups of East Asia.

TL;DR: In this paper, the documentation of medicolegal deaths among homeless persons handled in the Tokyo Medical Examiner's Office during 1999-2010 were reviewed, and compared the number and manner/cause of death between cases occurring before 2004 and those occurring after 2004.

TL;DR: These findings suggest postmortem serum AMY and GGT as indicators of the severity of systemic organ damage in death processes, especially in intoxication; however, elevated serum AMYD levels over 1000 and 300U/L might indicate significant pancreatic and hepatobiliary pathologies, respectively, except for an elevated AMY level in intoxication.

TL;DR: Allele frequencies for 37 STR autosomal loci were obtained from a sample of 175 unrelated individuals in a Japanese population.

TL;DR: The authors' 23-loci data was shown to provide more discriminatory values as compared to the data when using only 17 loci, and the RST distance values demonstrate the superior capacity of the PowerPlex® Y23 system to discriminate among populations.

TL;DR: Y-STRs mutation occurrence seems to be 4 times more frequent than autosomal STRs mutation in this sample, and the average mutation rate in the studied sample is 3.5×10 (-3) (95% CI 2-5.8×10(-3)).