Showing papers in "Microbiological Research in 1991"

TL;DR: The physiological characteristics of Geobacter species appear to explain why they have consistently been found to be the predominant Fe(III)- and Mn(IV)-reducing microorganisms in a variety of sedimentary environments.

TL;DR: Improved methods for detecting and enumerating the organism in foodstuffs are now available, including those based on the use of monoclonal antibodies, DNA probes, or the polymerase chain reaction, which can help in the prevention and control of human infection.

TL;DR: Branched-chain fatty acids of the iso and anteiso series occur in many bacteria as the major acyl constituents of membrane lipids and are an important criterion used to aid identification and classification of bacteria.

TL;DR: The products of Oxy-R- and SoxRS-regulated genes, such as catalases and superoxide dismutases, are involved in the prevention of oxidative damage, whereas others play a role in the repair of oxidativeDamage.

TL;DR: Exclusively an extracellular product, bacterial cellulose appears to fulfill diverse biological roles within the natural habitat, conferring mechanical, chemical, and physiological protection in A. xylinum and Sarcina ventriculi or facilitating cell adhesion during symbiotic or infectious interactions in Rhizobium and Agrobacterium species.

TL;DR: The beta-1, 4-glycanases appear to have arisen by the shuffling of a relatively small number of progenitor sequences, and some of the enzymes contain repeated sequences up to 150 amino acids in length.

TL;DR: General characteristics of chlamydial multiplication in cells of their natural hosts are reproduced in established cell lines, but reproduction in vitro of the subtle differences in chamydial behavior responsible for the individuality of the different chlamYDial diseases will require better in vitro models.

TL;DR: The ability to express the lux genes in a variety of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms and the ease and sensitivity of the luminescence assay demonstrate the considerable potential of the widespread application of the Lux genes as reporters of gene expression and metabolic function.

TL;DR: A large body of evidence demonstrates that DNA methylation plays a role in gene regulation in animal cells as discussed by the authors, and the early embryo is characterized by large alterations in DNA modification, which appear to be the result of selective pressures present during the growth of these cells in culture.

TL;DR: Alpha-toxin, the major cytotoxic agent elaborated by Staphylococcus aureus, was the first bacterial exotoxin to be identified as a pore former and well-studied phenomena include the stimulation of arachidonic acid metabolism, triggering of granule exocytosis, and contractile dysfunction.

TL;DR: The regulatory regions for 119 Escherichia coli promoters have been analyzed, and the locations of the regulatory sites have been cataloged, and observations emerge.

TL;DR: It is shown that mutants lacking CR3 activity are less adherent in vitro and, in fact, less virulent, and that the ligand recognized by the CR3 receptor (C3bi) as well as anti-CR3 antibodies blocks adherence of the organism to endothelial cells.

TL;DR: This review summarizes the present state of knowledge concerning competence in B. subtilis and proposes a provisional scheme for the organization of this pathway.

TL;DR: Now that it is possible to freely move genetic information back and forth between C. perfringens and Escherichia coli, it will be possible to apply modern molecular methods to studies on the pathogenesis of C. perfumeens infections.

TL;DR: Gardia spp.

TL;DR: This review compares older conventional electron-microscopic methods with new cryotechniques currently available and the results each has produced and the importance of the results in terms of the authors' perception of the makeup and function of bacterial surfaces and their interaction with the surrounding environment is highlighted.

TL;DR: In the next decade, this work envision the discovery of new algal viruses, clarification of their role in various ecosystems, discovery of commercially useful genes in these viruses, and exploitation of algal virus genetic elements in plant and algal biotechnology.

TL;DR: Shigella species and enteroinvasive strains of Escherichia coli cause disease by invasion of the colonic epithelium, and this invasive phenotype is mediated by genes carried on 180- to 240-kb plasmids, which can be classified as virulence determinants and cytotoxins.

TL;DR: This review discusses the degradation of chlorinated hydrocarbons by microorganisms, emphasizing the physiological, biochemical, and genetic basis of the biodegradation of aliphatic, aromatic, and polycyclic compounds.

TL;DR: A survey of different enzymes of microbial origin that are utilized for microbiological identification and differentiation and the corresponding methods are presented and particular emphasis is given to the examination of Escherichia coli.

TL;DR: Findings for the relationship of S. cerevisiae to prokaryotic as well as to higher eukaryotic organisms and for general regulatory mechanisms occurring in a living cell such as initiation of transcription, enzyme regulation, and the regulation of a metabolic branch point are discussed.

TL;DR: Comparisons of larvae from species which differ in their susceptibility to the B. sphaericus toxin indicate that the probable difference resides in the nature of the target sites of the epithelial midgut cells and not in uptake or processing of the toxin.

TL;DR: The conjecture that the signal for this regulation is the ratio of uncharged tRNA to aminoacyl-tRNA, that this signal controls the concentration of guanosine tetraphosphate, and that the concentration in this system controls transcription of rrn genes is examined.

TL;DR: The treatment of municipal solid waste including yard waste must urgently be addressed because disposal via landfill will be prohibited by legislation, thus stressing the importance of scrutinizing current composting practices in treating grass clippings, leaves, and other yard residues.

TL;DR: The family of large ColV plasmid pColV-K30 could be analogous to other families of large virulence plasmids, and insights gained from studying these plasmsids should contribute to the understanding of cross-genetic interactions and the role of large plasmIDS in bacterial pathogenesis.

TL;DR: The preliminary characterization of these lipid translocation processes suggests divergent rather than unifying mechanisms for lipid transport in organelle assembly.

TL;DR: There is significant evidence for host autoreactivity based on antigenic cross-reactivity between the 41-kDa flagellar subunit and stress proteins of the spirochetes and endogenous host cell components and fundamental differences in the immune response to spirochetal components may preclude their use in humans.

TL;DR: It is inferred that recombination-dependent plasmid replication shares important features with phage late replication modes and, in several aspects, parallels the synthesis of plasmids concatemers in phage-infected cells.

TL;DR: It is suggested that the tat gene product may have a role in HIV pathogenesis that goes beyond trans-activating virus expression and can potentially impact on uninfected cells as a diffusible molecule and alter the growth of different cell types.

TL;DR: It is concluded that the generations of a single leading to cyclic initiation is separate from the initiation process itself and a heuristic model is proposed to focus attention on possible oscillator mechanisms.