Showing papers in "Molecular Medicine Today in 1995"

TL;DR: The number of applications where homology modeling has been proven useful is growing rapidly and an order of magnitude more sequences can be modeled by comparative modeling than there are experimentally determined protein structures.

TL;DR: Research suggests that growth in utero may also play an important role in the development of major disorders of adult life, including coronary heart disease, stroke and diabetes.

TL;DR: This article reviews the experience using a lung model of inflammation that has provided insight into the events leading to injury and suggests that cytokines and adhesion molecules appear to coordinate a cascade of interactions between leukocytes and endothelial cells, which results in tissue injury.

TL;DR: The interrelationships between telomere shortening and aging, and how activation of telomerase may be necessary for cells to become immortal and malignant, are reviewed here.

TL;DR: The intervertebral discs undergo profound changes in structure and composition during development and aging, and degenerate much earlier than other cartilaginous tissues, and in severe cases may lose function completely.

TL;DR: The authors are in the midst of a multimedia revolution; standard textbooks are now simultaneously available in printed form and as CD-ROM; primary and secondary journals/magazines increasingly can be accessed via on-line services or on the World-Wide Web.

TL;DR: This review will compare the three most common viral vector systems, retroviral, adenoviral and adeno-associated viruses, highlighting problems and issues of design, as well as suggesting the direction that future developments could take.

TL;DR: A large number of non-viral approaches to gene therapy have emerged, yielding promising pre-clinical results, and which are currently being evaluated in early stage clinical trials.

TL;DR: Methods for the generation and application of combinatorial libraries are reviewed, with particular emphasis on soluble synthetic combinatorsial libraries.

TL;DR: Current research into heme-mediated toxicities that potentially constitute serious impediments to the development of a usable blood substitute are reviewed.

TL;DR: It is now clear that angiotensin II has an array of functions in the tissues, which are unrelated to its systemic roles, and this paracrine function is brought about by the existence of complete, localized tissue RASs, which respond to physiological demand independently from the systemic system.

TL;DR: Evidence is emerging that the major T- and B-cell response in multiple sclerosis is directed to a region of myelin basic protein (MBP) between residues 84 and 103, which is critical in the pathogenesis of MS.

TL;DR: Different HCV genotypes have distinct geographical distributions, and may be associated with variations in viral replication and disease-inducing activity, as well as poor response to interferons in patients with chronic hepatitis C.

TL;DR: High mutation rates occurring during replication allow RNA viruses to evolve rapidly and adapt continuously to new environments, posing an enormous challenge to vaccine and drug development which, to be effective, must consid RNA virus variability and follow approaches that minimize the probability of escape or resistant mutants arising.

TL;DR: The concept that synergy between bacterial endotoxins, exotoxins or viruses might elicit inflammatory responses during a period when the infant's endocrine system is less able to 'damp down' the effects of powerful mediators or to maintain glucose homoeostasis which is affected by these mediators is explored.

TL;DR: Atherosclerosis is a disease of the large arteries that is the cause of heart disease and stroke and it is a highly complex disorder with multiple genetic and environmental influences.

TL;DR: In this article, what has been learnt about genotype/phenotype relationships for the two common forms of thalassaemia is summarized.

TL;DR: This article gives a brief overview of the current status of knowledge of the genetic basis of human obesity from a genetic epidemiology, experimental genetic and molecular biology perspective.

TL;DR: The evidence that air pollutants (particularly sulphur dioxide, ozone and nitrogen dioxide) can affect the airways of asthmatic patients is reviewed, and the possible molecular mechanisms that may link air pollution to increased inflammation in the airway are discussed.

TL;DR: Cyclosporin A was introduced into clinical use in the late 1970s to reduce graft rejection after organ transplantation and recently it has become clear that cyclosporins are also inhibitors of HIV-1 replication.

TL;DR: Some of the applications of antisense oligonucleotides are reviewed and problems associated with these applications are discussed.

TL;DR: Data demonstrating efficacy of insulin-like growth factor 1 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and the rationale for their use in clinical trials suggest that neurotrophic factors can be used to treat neurological disease.

TL;DR: It is argued that an appreciation of the role of local complement synthesis may help to explain many features of organ- and tissue-specific immunological disease.

TL;DR: The complementarity of clinical, cytogenetic and molecular approaches that have contributed to the improved understanding of the genetic basis of craniosynostosis are highlighted, and the new challenges that have emerged are considered.

TL;DR: The limitations of currently available drug therapies, particularly for the treatment of diseases localized in a specific organ or tissue, have encouraged scientists to consider alternative methods of drug administration to increase their specificity.

TL;DR: The approach described here, the cytotoxic agent is generated at cancer sites from a low-toxicity prodrug by the action of an enzyme delivered by an antibody to the cancer site.

TL;DR: A 'mitochondrial bottleneck hypothesis' is proposed, which unifies the various forms of the disease in which different causes lead to the disorder via disturbances of mitochondrial function, and would present a unique target for therapeutic intervention.

TL;DR: Thirty years ago, the discriminant-function test was developed as a marker for women who subsequently developed breast cancer, but recent research has suggested that androgens and glucocorticoids may have a crucial role in regulating cytokine production by Th1/Th2 cells.