Showing papers in "National Medical Journal of China in 2013"

[Health damage assessment due to PM2.5 exposure during haze pollution events in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region in January 2013].

Abstract: Objective To assess the human health damage due to particulate matter≤2.5μm (PM2.5) exposure during the haze pollution events in 12 cities of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region in January 2013. Methods The data were collected for urban population, ambient air quality, baseline mortality rate and emergency visits in Beijing, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang, Baoding, Chengde, Handan, Langfang, Hengshui, Qinhuangdao, Tangshan, Xingtai and Zhangjiakou.Then the exposureresponse relationship was constructed between short-term PM2.5 exposure and mortality and emergency room visits with meta-analysis.Thus the excess deaths and emergency room visits due to PM2.5 exposure were estimated during the haze pollution events using city-specific exposure population, PM2.5;daily concentration and exposure-response coefficients. Results Three serious PM2.5 pollution events occurred on January 12, January 19 and January 27 in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region respectively.From January 10 to January 31,the 24 h mean concentrations of PM2.5 in Beijing, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang, Tangshan, Qinhuangdao, Handan, Xingtai, Baoding, Zhangjiakou, Chengde, Langfang, Hengshui were 705, 411,675,506,255,598, 698, 667, 231, 178, 718 and 405μg/m3. Xingtai, Shijiazhuang, Handan, Baoding, Langfang and Beijing were the more polluted areas.And there were 17 days (77.3%), 13 days (59.1%), 12 days (54.5%), 11 days (50.0%), 10 days (45.5%) and 8 days (36.4%) of Air Quality Index reaching the serious level respectively.The shortterm PM2.5 exposure caused 2725 excess death including 846 excess deaths duo to respiratory disease and 1878 excess deaths due to circulatory disease in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from January 10 to January 31. Conclusions The haze pollution events led to serious public health damage.And it is imperative to take actions of controlling PM2.5 pollution. Key words: Air pollution; Environmental exposure; Health damage

[Assessment of haze-related human health risks for four Chinese cities during extreme haze in January 2013].

Abstract: Objective To evaluate the human health risks (premature death risk as an indicator) in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Xi′an during extreme haze in January 2013. Methods The daily average particulate matter≤2.5μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) concentrations of Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Xi′an in January 2013 were collected and their characteristics explored.The populations and mortality rate of four cities in 2010 were collected from the statistical yearbook, the exposure-response relationships selected from the reference and then the premature death calculated according to the proportion risk model of Poisson regression. Results In January 2013, the 24 h mean concentrations of PM2.5 in Beijing,Shanghai, Guangzhou and Xi′an were (240±165), (83±27), (94±49) and (210±98) μg/m3 respectively and they were all above the secondary level of Ambient Air Quality Standards (GB 3095-2012).The 24 h mean concentrations of PM2.5 in Beijing and Xi′an were much higher than those in Shanghai and Guangzhou.Approximately 86.4% (19/22),58.1% (18/31),54.8% (17/31) and 93.5% (29/31) of 24 h mean PM2.5 concentrations in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Xi′an respectively exceeded the secondary level of Ambient Air Quality Standards (GB 3095-2012).The number of premature death due to the exposure to haze were 725 (95% CI: 457-977) for Beijing, 296 (95% CI: 96-502) for Shanghai, 310 (95% CI: 189-434) for Guangzhou and 85 (95% CI: 21-141) for Xi′an respectively in January 2013. Conclusion The PM2.5 pollutions of four cities in January 2013 were serious enough to pose elevated risks of human health. Key words: Air pollution; Environmental exposure; Health risk; PM2.5

Epidemiology survey of gastrointestinal stromal tumor in Shanxi Province in 2011

Abstract: Objective To explore the incidence and distribution of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) in Shanxi Province. Methods Newly diagnosed and suspected GIST cases of Shanxi Province on January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2011 were collected from medical insurance records and hospital surveys.All specimens were sent to the Department of Pathology at Shanxi Provincial Tumor Hospital for examinations.And the data were analyzed by SPSS statistical analysis software. Results There were 153 newly discovered cases of GIST in Shanxi Province in 2011.And its distribution was scattered in different regions.The incidence was 4.3 per million (153/35 932 786).The high-risk areas were Taiyuan (n=25) and Changzhi (n=25).There were 83 (54.2%) males and 70 (45.8%) females.And the incidence of males was not different from that of females ((4.5 vs 4.0) per million, P>0.05).The median onset age was 59 (24-79) years.A high incidence of GIST occurred at an age range of 50-59 years (n=33).Among the 139 patients, the tumor locations were stomach (n=88, 63.3%), small intestine (n=21, 15.1%), colon (n=7, 5.0%), duodenum (n=6, 4.3%), esophagus (n=3, 2.2%) and extra-gastrointestinal (n=14,10.1%).And 113 cases had a record of tumor size.The median diameter was 5.78 (0.3-25.0) cm.The largest diameter was≤2 cm (n=30, 26.5%),>2-5 cm (n=33, 29.2%),>5-10 cm (n=36, 31.9%) and>10 cm (n=14, 12.4%).The cell types of 141 cases were spindle cell (n=112, 79.4%),epithelial (n=11, 7.8%) and mixed (n=18, 12.8%). Conclusions Shanxi Province has a low incidence of GIST.And no statistically significant difference exists in the incidence between males and females.Taiyuan and Changzhi are relatively more prevalent. Key words: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors; Epidemiology; Incidence

[Expression of serum microRNAs (miR-222, miR-181, miR-216) in human hepatocellular carcinoma and its clinical significance].

Abstract: Objective To investigate the abnormal expression of microRNAs (miR-216, miR-222, miR-181) in the serum of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its clinical significance. Methods Serum miRNAs expression was investigated in 49 patients with HCC and 25 healthy normal controls by using real-time PCR technique,and then correlations between miRNAs expression and the clinicopathological features and prognosis of HCC patients were evaluated. Results No differences were observed between the HCC patients and healthy controls with respect to the expressions of serum miR-181 and miR-216 (P>0.05), while miR-222 was found to be significantly overexpressed in HCC serum samples (6.1±6.6 vs 1.2±0.6,P<0.01).According to the median fold change of miR-222 (3-fold) in all HCCserum samples, we divided the 49 patients into two groups:a low expression group (25 patients) and a high expression group (24 patients).High level of miR-222 expression was correlated with cirrhosis (P<0.01), tumor number (P=0.013), portal vein tumor thrombosis (P=0.002) and TNM stage (P=0.020), while not correlated with serum alpha-fetoprotein level, tumor size and HbsAg.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the median overall survival in the high miR-222 expression group was significantly shorter than that in the low expression group (8.7 months vs 16.5 months, P=0.036).In multivariate Cox analysis, TNM stage and serum miR-222 expression were two independent prognostic factors. Conclusion Serum miR-222, upregulated in HCC, maybe helpful in prognosis of HCC patients. Key words: Liver neoplasms; Serum; Prognosis

Comparison of the efficacy of different types of laryngeal mask airways in patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecological surgery

Abstract: OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy of laryngeal mask airway Supreme, ProSeal and I-gel in patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecological surgery. METHODS From Jan 2010 to Sep 2012 in Beijing Hospital, approved by hospital ethics committee, ninety ASA IorII patients, aged 21-64 yr, weighing 45-90 kg, undergoing laparoscopic gynecological surgery, were randomized into 3 groups (n = 30 each): LMA Supreme group (group S), LMA ProSeal group (group P)and LMA I-gel group (group I). Mallampatti test was performed before operation for each case. Anesthesia was induced with target-controlled infusion. After the patients lost consciousness, rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg was given to facilitate the LMA insertion. LMA Supreme, LMA ProSeal and LMA I-gel were inserted in S, P and I groups respectively. A gastric tube was inserted through the drain tube of the LMA. The LMA placement time, the number of attempts of LMA insertion, the number of attempts of gastric tube placement, the airway sealing pressure, the parameters of ventilation, and complications (sore throat, odynophagia, hoarseness, regurgitation of gastric contents, LMA with adhesion of blood)were recorded. The fiberoptic laryngoscopy scores were assessed after LMA placement. The anesthesia time and recovery time were also recorded. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the anesthesia time, recovery time, fiberoptic bronchoscopy scores among the three groups (P > 0.05). Parameters of ventilation in each group were normal. The success rates of LMA and gastric tube placement were 100% in each group. The airway sealing pressure in S, P and I groups were 25 ± 5 cm H2O, 32 ± 5 cm H2O, 30 ± 6 cm H2O respectively, the airway sealing pressure was significantly higher in group P and group I, compare with group S (P < 0.05). The LMA placement time in S, P and I groups were 8 ± 4s, 10 ± 5s, 8 ± 3s respectively, while the incidence of sore throat were 17%, 20%, 3%. The LMA placement time was significantly shorter and the incidence of sore throat was significantly lower in group I than in group P (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The three LMA can all be used effectively for gynecological laparoscopic surgery. LMA I-gel and LMA ProSeal can provide higher airway sealing pressure. LMA I-gel provides adequate ventilation during operation with fewer complications.

[Locked plating with minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis versus intramedullary nailing of distal extra-articular tibial fracture: a retrospective study].

Abstract: Objective To compare the efficacies of minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPPO) and interlocking intramedullary nailing (IMN) in the treatment of extra-articular fractures of distal tibia. Methods Retrospective reviews were conducted for 126 patients with extra-articular distal tibia fractures.Treatment was either MIPPO (n=61) or IMN (n=65).The outcomes were assessed by comparing operating duration, time to union, the last follow-up American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score and complication rate. Results The average follow-up period was 23.7 (12-53) months.In the minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis group, there were deep infections (n=2), superficial infections (n=5), delayed union (n=2), malunion (n=2) and knee joint pain (n=10) were observed.In addition, the average operating duration (85.9±18.9 min), average time to union (17.3±3.8 weeks) and average AOFAS (83.2±11.9) were analyzed.In the interlocking intramedullary nailing group, there were delayed union (n=3), malunion (n=12) and knee joint pain (n=22).And the average operating duration (83.3±15.7 min), average time to union (16.5±3.1 weeks) and average AOFAS (84.9±12.0) were analyzed.No statistical significance existed in operating duration, time to union and the last follow-up AOFAS between two groups (P>0.05).However, the rates of malformation and knee joint pain were higher in the intramedullary nail group than those in the plate group.And the difference was statistically significant (P=0.015, P=0.025). Conclusion Both MIPPO and IMN are effective for extra-articular fractures of distal tibia.However, the former has the advantage of lowers rate of malformation and knee joint pain.Therefore a surgeon should consider the degree of injury while managing extra-articular fracture of distal tibia. Key words: Surgicalprocedures,minimallyinvasive; Fracturefixation,internal; Tibialfractures; Bonenails

Survey on the prevalence rate of bronchial asthma in Beijing area among the residents aged over 14 years from 2010 to 2011

Abstract: Objective To survey the prevalence rate of bronchial asthma in Beijing area among residents aged over 14 years. Methods In accordance with stratified cluster random sampling, epidemiological questionnaires were performed in Beijing residents aged over 14 years during household visits from Febuary 2010 to August 2011.Asthma was diagnosed on the basis of case history, clinical signs and lung function test.The statistical software SAS 9.2 was employed to analyze the epidemiological status of asthma. Results In a sampling population of 61 107,57 647 questionnaires were effective.Among 687 asthmatics, there were 296 males and 391 females.The overall prevalence rate of asthma was 1.19% (687/57 647).The asthma prevalence rates were 1.09% (418/38 468) and 1.40% (269/19 179) in urban and suburb Beijing respectively and the prevalence rate of asthma in suburb area was significantly higher than that of urban area (χ2=10.850, P=0.001).The prevalence rates of males and females were 1.06% (296/27 947) and 1.32% (391/29 700) respectively and the prevalence rate of asthma in females was much higher than that of males (χ2=8.098,P=0.004).Significant differences existed among different age groups (χ2=404.874, P=0.000) and residents aged at or over 71 years had the highest prevalence rate.The prevalence rates in urban and suburb Beijing area increased by 1.12 and 2.26 folds respectively than that of 2002.And 198 asthmatics were first diagnosed in this survey and accounted for 28.8% (198/687) in all asthma diagnosed asthmatics. Conclusions The prevalence rate of asthma in Beijing area among residents aged over 14 years increased greatly from 2010 to 2011.And the epidemiological data may reflect the current distribution status of asthma in Beijing area. Key words: Asthma; Epidemiology; Prevalence; Beijing

Inhibitory effects of luteolin on human gastric carcinoma xenografts in nude mice and its mechanism

Abstract: Objective To explore the in vivo anticancer effects of luteolin with BGC-823 gastric carcinoma xenografts in nude mice and elucidate its mechanism. Methods After modeling of gastric carcinoma xenografts in nude mice,40 BALB/c (nu/nu) nude mice were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=8 each).And an intraperitoneal injection of luteolin was administered at 10 mg/kg (low-dose),20 mg/kg (middle-dose) and 40 mg/kg (high-dose) groups.And 5-fluorouracil (30 mg/kg) and control groups were also established.The growth curves of xenografts in nude mice were drawn and weight inhibition rates measured. The morphological features were detected by hematoxylin and eosin staining.And the protein expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) were measured by immunohistochemistry. Results In vivo tumor formation test showed that tumor volume in nude mice treated with luteolin was smaller than that of control group.Tumor weights of high-dose luteoin group were lighter than those of the control ((0.29±0.01) vs (0.38±0.03) g).And the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01).The rate of tumor inhibition in high-dose luteoin group was up to 24.87%.Lymphocytic invasion of tumor tissue was observed under light microscope in the treatment groups.Results of immunohistochemistry showed the positive cell integral of VEGF in middle and high-dose luteoin groups were 1.25±0.17 and 1.00±0.07 respectively.Both were significantly lower than that of control group (1.50±0.15,both P<0.05).The positive cell integral of MMP-9 in high-dose luteoin group was markedly lower than that of control group (3.75±1.43 vs 9.00±1.08,P<0.01). Conclusions Luteolin can effectively inhibit the in vivo growth of gastric tumor.The mechanism may be correlated with the stimulation of immune response and the down-regulated expressions of VEGF-A and MMP-9. Key words: Luteolin; Stomach neoplasms; Vascular endothelial growth factor A; Matrix metalloproteinase 9

[Effects of entacapone on plasma homocysteine in Parkinson's disease patients on levodopa].

Abstract: Objective To explore the effects of entacapone on the plasma level of homocysteine (Hcy) in Parkinson′s disease (PD) patients on levodopa. Methods This cross-sectional study was made up of 4 groups, i.e.'L+E’group (primary PD patients on levodopa and entacapone),'L’group (primary PD patients on levodopa alone),'L(-) ’group (primary PD patients never on levodopa) and control group (people without PD or any other nervous system diseases).They were randomly selected from the PD patient database of our department in September 2012.At the beginning,60 cases were selected for each group.The C677T genotypes of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) were identified and the plasma concentrations of Hcy, folic acid and vitamin B12 detected in each subject.Then group t test, single factor analysis of variance and χ2 test were used for statistical analysis by SPSS 11.5 software. Results Among 240 early subjects, 98 cases with CC genotype at 677 site of MTHFR gene were finally recruited.Statistical analysis revealed no differences in age, gender, plasma concentrations of folic acid and vitamin B12 among the groups.The PD duration of 'L+E’ group (96±21 months) were the longest among 3 groups, followed by those of 'L’ group (51±17 months) and 'L(-)’ group (21±6 months).The treatment duration and daily dose of levodopa in 'L+E’ group (77±22 months, 765±110 mg) were all higher than those in 'L’ group (42±14 months,673±73 mg).The plasma Hcy concentrations of 'L+E’ group (15.1±3.1μmol/L) were lower than those of 'L’ group (20.4±4.7μmol/L), but still higher than those of 'L(-) ’ group (12.2±2.4μmol/L) and control group (9.1±2.2μmol/L).The Hcy concentrations of 'L(-) ’ group were also higher than those of control group. Conclusion Entacapone increases the bioavailability of levodopa and simultaneously alleviates partially its resulting hyperhomocysteinemia. Key words: Levodopa; Parkinson disease; Homocysteine; Entacapone

[Expression of miRNA-29b and its clinical significances in primary hepatic carcinoma].

Abstract: Objective To explore the clinical value of miRNA-29b expression and the combined detection of serum miRNA-29b and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in the diagnosis of primary hepatic carcinoma (PHC). Methods From January 2007 to May 2010, the serum levels of miRNA-29b and AFP from 96 healthy controls and 87 PHC patients were measured by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) respectively.The relationship of miRNA-29b and various clinical parameters was analyzed. Results Serum levels of miRNA-29b in PHC pre-operative group (0.250 (0.124-0.381)) significantly decreased versus the control group[0.860 (0.587-1.338)]and the post-operative group (0.890 (0.637-1.414)) (P<0.001).Also, the levels of AFP in PHC pre-operative group (65.4 (20.1-212.3)) was obviously higher than that in the control group (13.3 (7.1-19.8)) and the post-operative group (23.2 (11.6-55.7)) (P<0.001).A lower expression of miRNA-29b was correlated with lower differentiation and higher TNM stages (P<0.045, P<0.001).Kaplan-Meier curve analysis revealed that PHC patients with a low serum expression of miRNA-29b had a significantly shortened overall survival when compared with a high serum expression of miRNA-29b (25.52 vs 36.94 months,P=0.008).Multivariable Cox regression analysis indicated that the serum expression of miRNA-29b was an independent risk factor for overall survival.Relative risk was 0.482 (95% confidence interval:0.236-0.985).The critical values for miRNA-29b and AFP were determined at 0.38 and 23.1μg/L through the ROC curves.Under the critical value, the sensitivity of miRNA-29b and AFP were 75.9% and 70.1% and the specificity of miRNA-29b and AFP 89.5% and 92.7% respectively.Combined detection could increase the sensitivity up to 87.3%, and achieve a specificity of 88.5%. Conclusion The combined detection of miRNA-29b and AFP aids the diagnosis of PHC and the prediction of its prognosis. Key words: Liver Neoplasms; MicroRNAs; Alpha-fetoproteins; Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction

Comparison of efficacy between continuous positive airway pressure and renal artery sympathetic denervation by radiofrequency ablation in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome patients with hypertension

Abstract: Objective To compare the efficacy of renal arterial sympathetic denervation (RSD) and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in patients with coexisting moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and hypertension. Methods Retrospective analysis was conducted for patients with coexisting moderate to severe OSAS and hypertension for the efficacy of RSD (RSD group, n=15) and CPAP (CPAP group, n=16).Comparison was made for polysomnographic parameters and 24 hours ambulatory blood pressure (Bp) between two groups. Results There was no significant difference in age, gender, body mass index, nocturnal apnea hypopnea index (AHI), mean and minimal pulse oxygen saturation (meanSpO2 and miniSpO2) between two groups.Compared with those at pre-treatment, the following changes were observed at Day 30 post-treatment:in RSD group, the nocturnal AHI and T90 statistically decreased (27±14 vs 32±12, 8.7%±7.8% vs 13.8%±13.1%, all P 0.05) |in CPAP group during treatment,nocturnal AHI and the ratio of duration SpO2<90% to total sleep time (T90) were all significantly reduced (5±3 vs 35±12, 1.5%±1.2% vs 12.9%±6.3%, all P<0.05) while meanSpO2 and miniSpO2 became significantly elevated (95.6%±1.4% vs 93.6%±1.7%,89.2%±2.7% vs 79.1%±4.0%,all P<0.05).Compared with RSD group, there was a significantly lower AHI (P=0.000) but higher meanSpO2 and miniSpO2 (all P<0.05) at Day 30 in CPAP group.At Day 30 in RSD and CPAP groups, the mean systolic blood pressure (MSBp) were (122±9) and (130±12) mm Hg (1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa) respectively while the mean diastolic blood pressure (MDBp) (80±8) and (83±7) mm Hg respectively.All these were significantly lower than those at pre-treatment with MSBp (134±20) mm Hg and MDBp (88±14) mm Hg in RSD group and MSBp (136±14) mm Hg and MDBp (87±7) mm Hg in CPAP group.The extent of decrease in MSBp post-treatment was more remarkable in RSD group than that in CPAP group (P<0.05). Conclusions In moderate-tosevere OSAS patients with hypertension, both RSD and CPAP may improve sleep respiratory parameters and blood pressure to varying degrees.There is a more significant improvement of nocturnal AHI and SpO2 in CPAP group and more lower MSBp in RSD group. Key words: Sleep apnea,obstructive; Continuous positive airway pressure; Sympathectomy; Hypertension

Clinical study of combined treatment of remifemin and paroxetine for perimenopausal depression

Abstract: Objective To explore the efficacies and safety of combined treatment of remifemin and paroxetine for perimenopausal depression. Methods A total of 120 patients with perimenopausal depression were digital randomly divided into the treatment and control groups (n=60 each).The treatment group received oral remifemin one tablet twice daily and paroxetine 20 mg once daily for 2 months while the control group oral paroxetine 20 mg once daily for 2 months.The Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) and Kupperman scale were used to assess the therapeutic efficacies.Blood and urine routine, electrocardiography, liver function, kidney function and blood pressure before and after treatment were examined to assess the side effects. Results For the improvement of perimenopausal depression on HAMD, the total effective rates of the treatment and control groups were 88.3% and 78.3% respectively.The therapeutic efficacy of the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P 0.05). Conclusion The combined treatment of remifemin and paroxetine for perimenopausal depression can improve the efficacies.It is easily accepted by patients for its higher safety and fewer side-effects.It is worthy of a wider application and further researches. Key words: Depressive isorder, major; Remiferain; Paroxetine

[Effects of parecoxib sodium analgesia on serum concentrations of neuron-specific enolase and S-100β and postoperative cognitive function of elderly patients undergoing acute replacement of femoral head].

Abstract: Objective To explore the effects of parecoxib sodium analgesia on serum concentrations of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S-100β and postoperative cognitive function of elderly patients undergoing acute replacement of femoral head. Methods After the approval of institutional review board and the provision of informed consent, 80 patients over 70 years old, undergoing acute replacement of femoral head under combined spinal and epidural anesthesia and midazolam sedation at Qingdao Municipal Hospital and Qingdao Hiser Medical Center from January 2011 to May 2012, were randomly assigned into control group (group C,n=40) and parecoxib group (group P,n=40).In group P, parecoxib sodium 20/40 mg (based on weight 50 kg) was administered via an intravenous injection after admission with 12 hours intervals for six times.In group C, morphine 2/4 mg was given initially.Additional morphine 2 mg was given to maintain the pain visual analog scale (VAS) of 3 points or less in both groups.Primary observation indices: (1) postoperative time and additional amount of morphine; (2) rate of postoperative delirium (POD) and postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) at 3 days, 1 week,3 months and 6 months postoperation (T1-T4); (3) serum levels of NSE and S-100β were measured at the timepoints of before analgesia (t0), before anesthesia (t1), end of surgery (t2) and 6 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours postoperation (t3-t5); (4) other serious complications. Results Compared with group C, the additional amount of morphine, postoperative time, rate of POD and POCD at T1-T 4, the level of NSE at t2-t5and S-100β at t1-t5were lower in group P (P<0.05).No other serious complications were observed. Conclusions Parecoxib sodium analgesia reduces the rate of POD and POCD in elderly patients with neuroprotective effects. Key words: Aged; Cognitive disorders; Phosphopyruvate hydratase; Parecoxib sodium

Study of apoptosis related factors regulatory mechanism of resveratrol to human skin squamous cell carcinoma A431 xenograft in nude mice

Abstract: Objective To explore the anti-tumor effects of resveratrol (Res) upon human skin squamous cell carcinoma A431 xenograft in nude mice and elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of survivin and caspase-3. Methods The model of human skin squamous cell carcinoma (A431) xenograft in nude mice was established.And the animals were randomly divided into saline-negative control, cyclophosphamide (CTX) positive control, Res high-, medium- and low-dosage and blank control groups (n=10 each).After drug intervention, tumor-bearing mice were sacrificed.The tumor growth curve was plotted and the Res inhibition rate calculated by terminal tumor weight.The morphological changes of tumor cell among groups were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining; cell apoptosis was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling TUNEL; the impact of Res upon the protein expressions of survivin and caspase-3 in tumor issues was observed by Western blot.Analysis of variance and Pearson′s correlation were employed for statistical analyses. Results (1) By the end of treatment, the tumor volume of CTX, Res high-, medium-, low-dosage, salinenegative control and blank control groups were (1154±255), (1002±115), (1207±176), (1342±211), (1642±226), (1564±156) mm3 respectively,and tumor weight of CTX, Res high-, medium-, low-dosage, saline-negative control and blank control groups (1.84±0.30), (1.72±0.39), (1.96±0.40), (2.67±0.73), (3.16±0.52), (3.33±0.59) g respectively.Through analysis of variance, the tumor volume and weight of Res high-, medium-, low-dosage groups were smaller than those of saline-negative control and blank control groups (all P 0.05). Conclusions Res inhibits the growth of human skin squamous cell carcinoma A431 xenograft in nude mice.And its mechanism may be associated with the apoptosis of tumor cell through the depression of survivin and the activation of caspase-3. Key words: Carcinoma, squamous cell; Veratrum; Caspase 3; Xenografts; Survivin

[Hsa-miR-206 inhibits the migration and invasion of breast cancer by targeting Cx43].

Abstract: Objective To explore the effects of hsa-miR-206 on the proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer. Methods The hsa-miR-206 mimics, inhibitors and their paired negative controls were transfected into human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 by liposome.The proliferation of cell was evaluated by CCK-8 and the migration and invasion was detected by Transwell.Matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), breast cancer metastasis-suppressor 1 (BRMS-1) and connexin 43 (Cx43) were detected by both quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blot.The expression of miR-206 was detected by qPCR.Dual luciferase assay was detected to confirm the specific binding sites of miR-206 and Cx43. Results (1) The proliferation activity of 206m-group cell (0.74±0.16) was significantly lower than that of control group (1.12±0.23)(t=-3.066,P=0.037) while that of 206i-group cell (1.43±0.26) was higher than that of control group (0.98±0.14)(t=3.635, P=0.022). (2) Transwell tests showed the migration and invasion of 206m-group cell decreased significantly (migration:0.56±0.01 vs 0.63±0.01,t=-23.00,P=0.002; invasion:0.79±0.01 vs 0.99±0.01,t=-21.200,P=0.002), but that of 206i-group cell increased significantly (migration:0.97±0.11 vs 0.61±0.09,t=32.787,P=0.001; invasion:1.10±0.01 vs 0.93±0.05, t=5.167, P=0.035). (3) The expressions of MMP-2,MMP-9 and Cx43 decreased and the expression of BRMS-1 increased in 206mgroup cell and vice versa in 206i group. (4) The expression of miR-206 in lymph node-negative group of clinical breast cancer sample was higher than that of lymph node-positive one.And there was statistical difference (Z=-2.098, P=0.003).And the expression of Cx43 was opposite. (5) Dual luciferase reporter assay confirmed the specific binding sites of hsa-miR-206 and Cx43. Conclusion Hsa-miR-206 has negative controls of proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer cell by targeting Cx43. Key words: Breast neoplasms; hsa-miR-206; Migration; Invasion; Connexin43

Myopia prevalence and influencing factor analysis of primary and middle school students in our country

Abstract: Objectives To explore the situation and the affect factors of myopia and scientificalness and effectiveness of eye exercises about primary and middle school students. Methods Through the random cluster sampling method, 20 000 students of 90 schools including key and nonkey primary or junior or senior school in country and city of shandong,qinghai, yunnan,Shanghai and wenzhou were random selected.Primary students is 11 246 junior students is 3673 senior students is 4220.We surveyed related situation of eye exercises, myopia.a total of 19 139 valid questionnaires were received.By random sampling stratification method, freshmen were selected and retrospective surveyed.929 freshmen have normal vision when they graduated primary school.338 freshmen have normal vision when they graduated primary school. 2 groups are considered analysis object, and Myopic students of the former in junior school stages and the latter in senior school stages are considered case group, normal vision are considered control group, and then through the Logistic multiple stepwise regression analysis, a regression analysis model is established. Results This survey show that myopia prevalence was 13.7% of primary students, 42.9% of junior students, 69.7% of senior students.According to the significant P<0.001, Rsquare=0.14, the result shows that the model has the significant statistical significance.Among the influence factors, whether to long-term excessive use eye is the most significant, and following by outdoor activities and gender.A chi-square test χ2=0.371 and P=0.543 show that doing eye exercises was not statistically significant to prevalence of myopia. Conclusion The influence factors are changed, and the preventive methods should be adjusted with the social environment. Key words: Myopia; Prevalence; Sickness impact profile; Primary and middle students

[Assessment of detection assays of Epstein-Barr viral Rta-IgG, VCA-IgA, EA-IgA and Epstein-Barr viral DNA at different clinical stages in the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma].

Abstract: Objective To evaluate the values of combined detection method of EB viral Rta-IgG, VCA-IgA, EA-IgA and EB viral DNA in the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods Serum and plasma samples from 131 untreated NPC patients, 52 non-NPC patients with NPC-like symptoms and 148 healthy donors from January to December 2012 were collected.Immunoenzymatic staining was used to detect VCA-IgA and EA-IgA in sera.ELISA was performed to detect Rta-IgG antibody in sera and real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR for measuring EBV DNA in plasma.The clinical characteristics of 3 groups were compared.ROC curve and correlation analyses were performed to assess the detection assays for the diagnosis of NPC. Results The positive rates of EBV Rta-IgG, VCA-Ig A, EA-Ig A and EBV DNA in untreated NPC patient group were higher than those in other two groups.The differences were statistically significant (all P 0.05).Areas under ROC curve for Rta-IgG and EBV-DNA were 0.901 and 0.827 respectively.All four diagnostic assays demonstrated excellent efficiency.The sensitivity and specificity of individual assays were as follows: Rta-IgG: 77.9%,92.5%; VCA-IgA 93.1%, 91.5%; EA-IgA: 74.8%, 99.5%; EBV-DNA 64.9%, 97.0%.The sensitivity and specificity of combined assays were 97.7% and 83.5% respectively. Conclusion Combined detection method of EB viral Rta-IgG, VCA-IgA, EA-IgA and EB viral DNA are efficient for the diagnosis of NPC. Key words: Herpesvirus4,human; Nasopharyngealneoplasms; Serologictests; DNA,viral

[Expression and significance of ACE2-Ang-(1-7)-Mas axis in the endometrium of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome].

Abstract: Objective To explore the expression of renin-angiotensin system component (ACEAngⅡ-AT1/AT2 and ACE2-Ang-(1-7) -Mas) in endometrium of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients and normal controls. Methods Thirty cases of normal endometrium in proliferative and secretory phases respectively were selected for the protein levels of AngⅡ, AT1, AT2, ACE2, Ang-(1-7) and Mas through immunohistochemistry.And the specimens of proliferative endometrium from 15 PCOS patients and 15 normal controls respectively were prepared for the expressions of AT1, AT2, ACE2 and Mas m RNA through relative quantitative-polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR).The histological phases of endometria were confirmed by hematoxylin and eosin staining under microscope. Results The expressions of AngⅡ, AT1R, AT2R, ACE2, Ang-(1-7) and Mas showed periodical changes in endometrium throughout normal menstrual cycles and shared a similar trend.The expression was more pronounced in epithelial cells than that in stromal cells while it was also more dramatic in secretory phase than proliferative phase; the m RNA expressions of AT1, AT2, ACE2 and MAS were higher in PCOS endometrium than those in normal controls.Statistically significant differences existed between two groups (P<0.01). Conclusion There is local existence of RAS in endometrium; increased expressions of AT1 mRNA, AT2 mRNA, ACE2 mRNA and Mas mRNA in endometrium of PCOS may influence endometrial development and play a role in the pathological process of PCOS. Key words: Polycysticovarysyndrome; Endometrium; Angiotensin-convertingenzymetype2; Angiotensin- (1-7)

[Anti-inflammation of simvastatin by polarization of murine macrophages from M1 phenotype to M2 phenotype].

Abstract: Objective To explore the effects of statin on pro-inflammatory macrophage phenotype in a murine M1 macrophage model. Methods Macrophages isolated from murine bone barrow were stimulated with interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to establish a M1 macrophage model.And 1.0,2.5,5.0μmol/L of simvastatin were added to M1 macrophages for a 9-hour culture.Cell surface markers CD16/23 and CD206 were detected by fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) and IL-12 by ELISA. Results The CD16/32 expression was 86.39%±2.24% and IL-12 secretion (1562±217) pg/ml in IFN-γand LPS-stimulated macrophages.After a 9-hour incubation with 1.0, 2.5, 5.0μmol/L simvastatin, the CD206 expression levels were 68.10%±2.48%, 75.28%±1.66%, 86.32%±2.19% and the secretion of IL-10 (500±5), (675±28) and (916±15) pg/ml respectively.By analysis of variance and q test of mean, the difference was statistically significant (all P<0.01) between the groups of M1 model (9.67%±5.48%, (298±11) pg/ml).And the phenotypic features were similar to those of the groups of M2 model. Conclusion Simvastatin may inhibit inflammation by enhancing the switching of M1 macrophage to M2 macrophage phenotype. Key words: Macrophages; Inflammation; Simvastatin

[Correlations between serum hypoxia inducible factor-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor and computed tomography perfusion imaging at pre-and post-TACE in patients with primary hepatic carcinoma].

Abstract: Objective To explore the correlations between the serum levels of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and computed tomography (CT) perfusion parameters at pre- and post-transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in patients with primary hepatic carcinoma (PHC). Methods A total of 22 PHC patients were recruited.Their serum levels of HIF-1α and VEGF were measured and CT perfusion imaging (CTPI) was performed at Day 1 pre- and Days 32-40 post-TACE to compare and analyze the relevance of the changes of serum levels of HIF-1α, VEGF, tumor′s hepatic artery perfusion (HAP), portal vein perfusion (PVP) and hepatic artery perfusion index (HPI) at pre- and post-TACE. Results They were divided into stable and tumor residual/recurrent groups according to the efficacy of TACE.No significant differences existed between two groups with respects to serum levels of HIF-1α, VEGF, tumor′sHAP, PVP and HPI pre-TACE.The serum levels of HIF-1α and VEGF decreased in stable group and there was significant difference in serum level of VEGF at Days 32-40 post-TACE (P<0.05).There was no perfusion signal of HAP or PVP in tumor tissue.The serum levels of HIF-1α and VEGF were significantly higher while HAP and HPI were significantly lower than that pre-TACE in tumor residual/recurrent group and had statistical significance (P<0.05), but PVP had no change.Positive correlations existed between serum levels of HIF-1α, VEGF and tumor′s HAP, HPI at 32-40 days post-TACE. Conclusion Serum levels of HIF-1α and VEGF may indirectly reflect the status of neovascularization and CTPI acts as the intuitive and quantitative responses of hemodynamic changes at post-TACE.Positive correlations exist between serum levels of HIF-1α, VEGF, HAP and HPI.In short, a combination of serum levels of HIF-1α, VEGF and CTPI contributes to the efficacy evaluation of TACE and has great reference significance of determining timing of a second therapy. Key words: Liver neoplasms; Hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit; Vascular endothelial growth factors

[Fluoroquinolone Associated Myasthenia Gravis Exacerbation: Clinical Analysis of 9 Cases]

Abstract: Objective To explore the characteristics of acute exacerbations of myasthenia gravis after fluoroquinolone exposure. Methods Gender, age, prior type, absolute score, concurrent disease, precipitated disease, use of antibiotic, onset/symptom/degree of exacerbation, therapeutic measures and prognosis at Month 1 were retrospectively analyzed for 9 patients after fluoroquinolone systemic exposure. Results Ciprofloxacin (n = 4), levofloxacin (n = 1) and moxifloxacin (n = 4) exposure resulted in myasthenia gravis exacerbation. Myasthenia gravis exacerbations developed at 15 minutes to 4 days post-exposure. And the clinical scores of quantitative myasthenia gravis (QMG) increased by an average of 10. The main syndromes included dyspnea, diplopia, ptosis and dysphagia. All patients improved upon the withdrawal of fluoroquinolone in conjunctions with other interventions. Conclusion Fluoroquinolone exposure may result in myasthenia gravis exacerbations in patients with underlying diseases. Healthcare professionals should be aware of this serious drug-disease association.

Risk factors of early recurrence and prognosis for patients with adenocarcinoma of gastroesophageal junction after curative resection

Abstract: Objective To investigate the risk factors for early recurrence of gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (Siewert typeⅡ/Ⅲ) after curative resection and the prognosis of these patients. Methods Retrospective analysis was performed for the 170 patients with recurrent AEG after curative resection in our hospital.Univariate and multivariate analysis were applied to investigate risk factors for early recurrence (<24 month), the prognosis of these patients were also analyzed. Results The rate of early recurrence of AEGafter curative resection was 75.3%.Univariate analysis showed that tumor Borrmann type, invasive depth, lymph node metastasis, metastasis lymph node ratio (LNR) and TNM stage were significant factors associated with early recurrence after curative resection (P<0.05).Multivariate analysis identified that only LNR and tumor invasive depth were independent risk factors for early recurrence (P<0.05).The median disease free survival time (9,20 months, P<0.01), 5-year survival rate (2.4%,12.6%,P<0.01) and the median survival time after recurrence (5,8 months, P=0.004) between patients with high-LNR group and low-LNR group were significantly difference. Conclusions LNR and tumor invasive depth were determined to be independent risk factors associate with early recurrence after curative resection for AEG.The patients with high-LNR have a poorer survival compared with those with low-LNR; For the patients with serosa invaded and high LNR should be closely followed up to detect recurrence and take effective treatment timely to improve patients outcomes. Key words: Esophagealneoplasms; Recurrence; Riskfactors

[Expressions of immunogenic molecules in low-dose radiotherapy-treated human renal clear cell carcinoma 786-0 cells].

Abstract: Objective To explore the effects of low-dose radiation on the expression of immunogenic membrane molecules calreticulin (CRT) and MHC-Ⅰ/Ⅱ on the surface of human renal clear cell carcinoma 786-0 cells. Methods The inhibitory activity of low-dose radiation on cell line 786-0 was examined by CCK-8 assay.And the post-radiation membrane expressions of CRT, MHC-Ⅰ and MHC-Ⅱ were measured by flow cytometry while CRT was visualized by immunofluorescence photography. Results The inhibition rates on the proliferative capacities of four 786-0 cell lines rose with the incremental radiation doses of 0, 6, 12 and 24 Gy.And the CRT expression levels of each experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.001).Along with incremental doses of irradiation, the average calreticulin fluorescence intensities increased gradually initially and then there was a downward trend.The membrane expressions of MHC-Ⅰ and MHC-Ⅱ of each experimental group was significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05).As the irradiation dose increased, the average MHC-Ⅰ fluorescence intensities increased gradually in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion The low-dose radiotherapy may up-regulate CRT and MHC classⅠ/Ⅱ related with the immunogenicity of tumor cells to induce immune response against tumors. Key words: Radiotherapy dosage; Immunity, cellular; Calreticulin; M HC classⅠ/Ⅱ

Epidemiological survey of children asthma prevalence in Beijing urban area

Abstract: Objective To explore the prevalence, diagnosis and management of childhood asthma in Beijing urban area. Methods Multi-stage,stratified and random cluster sampling was used to recruit children born during November 1,1995 to October 31,2010 from Beijing or other provinces but residing in Beijing for over half a year.The same screening questionnaires for the third national epidemiological survey of children′s asthma were distributed to parents of children at schools, kindergartens and communities during October 2010 to March 2011.Asthmatic children were picked among the screening-positive children based on on-the-spot inquiries, physical examinations, medical records and supporting test results.Further survey of asthmatics was carried out to investigate the diagnosis and treatment status of childhood asthma and other associated allergic diseases.All data required double entry by Epi-Info 3.5.3 software and were processed by SPSS 19.0. Results Among a total of 14 085 questionnaires, 13 513 were completed with a response rate of 95.94%.And 497 (3.68%) children were diagnosed with typical (n=451,3.34%) and cough variant (n=46,0.34%) asthma.Among them, 40.64% (202/497) were newly diagnosed and 59.36% (295/497) had been previously diagnosed with asthma.The prevalence of asthma was higher in boys than in girls (4.80% (345/1790) vs 2.40% (152/6323),χ2=54.446, P<0.01).The asthma prevalence of preschoolers (3-<7 years old) was the highest (5.05% (180/3563) ).In the past two years, the symptoms of 69.42% (345/497) children persisted and the current two-year prevalence of asthma was 2.55% (345/13513).Among the 295 children with previous asthma, only 46.44% (137/295) received inhaled corticosteroids according to the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) and 82.37% (243/295) of them used antibiotics. Conclusions The prevalence of asthma is 3.68% in children under 14 years old in Beijing urban area and it varies in children with different genders and ages.A considerable number of children are not diagnosed or treated properly.And the management of asthma requires further improvement. Key words: Child; Asthma; Prevalence

[Abnormality and significance of interleukin-9 and CD4(+)interleukin-9(+) T-cells in peripheral blood of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus].

Abstract: Objective To examine the protein and mRNA levels of interleukin-9 (IL-9) and the frequencies of CD4+IL-9+T-cells in peripheral blood of patients with systemic lupus erytbematosus (SLE) and explore the roles of double positive T cells and IL-9 in the pathogenesis of SLE and the effects of glucocorticoid. Methods Twenty-eight hospitalized SLE patients were recruited and 12 healthy volunteers selected as normal controls.The mRNA levels of IL-9 in peripheral blood were measured by real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR),plasma protein of IL-9 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and frequencies of CD4+IL-9+T-cells by flow cytometry.And the differences between two groups and the effects of glucocorticoid were analyzed. Results (1) The mRNA levels of IL-9 were significantly elevated in SLE patients as compared with normal controls (P<0.01).The serum levels of IL-9 were significantly higher in active and inactive SLE patients than those in healthy individuals (68±11 vs 26±6 ng/L,P<0.01:56±14 vs 26±6 ng/L,P<0.05).The percentages of CD4+IL-9+T-cells increased in active SLE patients (1.96%±0.31%) versus inactive SLE patients (0.89%±0.13%,P<0.01) and healthy controls (0.28%±0.05%,P<0.001).And it was higher in inactive SLE patients than that in controls (P<0.05). (2) The serum levels of IL-9 and the frequencies of CD4+IL-9+T-cells were positively correlated with SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI). (3) The frequencies of CD4+IL-9+T-cells and the serum levels of IL-9 in 8 untreated active SLE patients decreased at weeks 1,2 and 3 after the therapy of methylprednisolone (0.8 mg·kg-1·d-1) versus those at pre-treatment. Conclusion The abnormalities of IL-9 and CD4+IL-9+T-cells may play an important role in the pathogenesis of SLE.And the frequencies of CD4+IL-9+T-cells and the levels of IL-9 are evaluative parameters of SLE activity and severity. Key words: Lupus erythematosus,systemic; Interleukin-9; Glucocorticoid

[Efficacy and safety of Kuntai capsule and estrogen for menopausal syndrome: a meta-analysis].

Abstract: Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Kuntai Capsule and Estrogen for Menopausal Syndrome. Methods Related randomized controlled trials about Kuntai capsule and estrogen in recent 10 years were collected by various kinds of database according to strict inclusion and exclusion criteria.Valid data were extracted to conduct meta-analysis by Rev Man5.0. Results A total of 196 articles were retrieved, but only 6 were finally included.Meta-analysis showed that no significant differences were observed in Kupperman score between Kuntai group and estrogen[WMD=0.22,95% CI (-1.14,1.58),P>0.05].While E2 level was significantly higher in estrogen group than that in Kuntai[WMD=-59.59,95% CI (-87.35,-31.83),P<0.01].The incidence of adverse effects was significantly lower in Kuntai group compared to the estrogen group[RR=0.61, 95% CI (0.45,0.83),P<0.01]. Conclusion Kuntai can improve symptoms of menopausal syndrome effectively as the same as estrogen and tends to have lower incidence of adverse effects. Key words: Estrogens; Menopause; Meta-analysis

[Value of low-dose spiral computed tomography in lung cancer screening].

Abstract: Objective To explore the application value of low-dose spiral computed tomography (LDCT) in lung cancer screening. Methods A total of 2251 asymptomatic subjects undergoing chest LDCT scan at Center of Physical Examination, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University between June 2011 and December 2012 were prospectively enrolled.The incidence rates of lung nodule and lung cancer were analyzed to compare the value of LDCT screening in subjects with smokingrelated high, medium and low risks of lung cancer.The value of serum tumor biomarker in the reduction of false positive of LDCT was also discussed. Results Among all subjects, 9.9% (222/ 2251) displayed at least 1 non-calcified nodule with a diameter≥4 mm.Two subjects were diagnosed with lung cancer and 1 of them received surgical resection.Other subjects with lung nodules were followed.There was no statistical difference in the incidence rates of lung nodule between the high, medium and low-risk groups of lung cancer associated with smoking (8.8%, 9.5% and 10.1%, P=0.864).The incidence rates of lung nodule in subjects≥55 years old were higher than that of those<55 years old (12.7% vs 9.1%, P=0.034).Female gender had a high risk of ground glass opacity (GGO) or ground glass nodule (GGN)(P=0.015).The independent or combined increase of serum tumor biomarkers of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), neuron specific enolase (NSE), cytokeratin fragment 21-1 (Cyfra211) and squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) might not predicate the incidence of lung nodule. Conclusion LDCT screening is highly valuable in lung cancer screening. Key words: Tomography,X-raycomputed; Radiotherapydosage; Massscreening; Tumormakers,biological

[Expression and significance of Toll-like receptor-4 in rats lung established by passive smoking or associated with intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide].

Abstract: Objective To explore the expression and effect of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) in the lung tissue of rats established by passive smoking or intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods Eight-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=15) were randomly divided into 3 groups,including: (1) group A:conventional breeding; (2) group B:the rats were placed into a 120-L organic glass box with twice-daily exposure to cigarette smoking plus an intratracheal instillation of water at Day 1 and 14; (3) Group C: exposure to cigarette smoking the same as group B plus intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide (1 mg/kg) at Day 1 and 14.Four weeks later, general status, arterial blood gas, pulmonary function and histopathology were analyzed.The expressions of T LR-4 and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) were determined by immunohistochemistry.Western blot was used to measure the protein contents of T LR-4, NF-κB, p-Iκ-Kα/β, Iκ-Kα/β, IκB-α.And realtime polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed to detect the mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Results Rats in Groups B and C were marantic with intermittent cough and dyspnea.Peak expiratory flow (PEF) and 50% expiratory flow-volume (EP50) were much lower in Group C ((10.6±1.4), (0.77±0.14) ml/s) than that in Groups A ((13.5±2.0), (1.01±0.08) and B (12.3±0.9), (0.91±0.10) ml/s)(all P<0.05).Accumulated volume (AV) and carbon dioxide pressure (PCO2) were much higher in Groups B ((4358±1501) ml, (52.77±1.97) mm Hg)(1 mm Hg=0.133 k Pa) and C ((10 077±1866) ml, (51.03±4.96) mm Hg) than that in Group A ((1735±798) ml, (39.57±1.43) mm Hg)(all P<0.05).Hematoxylin and eosin stain showed chronic bronchitis and emphysema in Groups B and C.Besides, quantitative analysis demonstrated that in unit area, mean lining interval (MLI) and destruction index (DI) in Group B ((84±13) μm, 0.228±0.047) and Group C ((86±10) μm, 0.294±0.060) significantly increased versus Group A ((65±6) μm,0.036±0.012)(all P<0.05).Immunohistochemical staining indicated that the expression of TLR-4 in cytoplasm and cytomembrane and NF-κB in nucleus markedly increased in Groups B and C versus Group A.Relative expressions of TLR-4 and NF-κB assayed by Western blot increased in Group B (0.68±0.03, 0.21±0.08) and Group C (1.12±0.11, 0.59±0.06) than that in Group A (1.36±0.07, 1.04±0.08).Compared with Group A, the expression levels of T LR-4, NF-κB and IκB-αand the phosphorylation levels of Iκ-Kα/βin Group B and C significantly increased (all P<0.05).The mRNA levels of TNF-αand IL-6 increased in Group B (3.95±0.29, 5.04±0.28) and C (5.33±0.26, 7.23±0.39) versus that in Group C (1.00±0.37, 1.00±0.25)(all P<0.05). Conclusions Both passive smoking and intratracheal instillation of LPS may cause lung injury analogous to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease via NF-κB signaling pathway.And TLR4 plays an important role in this process. Key words: Toll-like receptor 4; Lipopolysaccharides; Smoking; Pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive; NF-kappa B

[The effects of low-frequency electric stimulus on hippocampal of Effects of low-frequency electric stimulus on hippocampal of α5 subunit of extra synapse GABAA receptor in kainic acid-induced epilepsy rats].

Abstract: Objective To explore the effects of low-frequency electric stimulus (LFS) on hippocampal of α5 subunit of extrasynaptic GABAA receptor in kainic acid-induced epilepsy rats and explore the possible mechanism of LFS on hippocampus to treat epilepsy. Methods A total of 32 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into 4 groups:epileptic, pseudo-surgery, LFS treatment and control.The expression ofα5 subunit of extrasynaptic GABAA receptor and the association with the curative effects of LFS were evaluated by behavioristics, real-time fluorogenic quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot. Result After treatment, the number of seizures in LFS group were significantly lower than that in the epileptic and pseudo-surgery groups (2.88±0.83 vs 8.50±0.93 and 8.88±0.83) (P<0.01).The results of real-time PCR demonstrated that the expression of mRNA of α5 subunits in LFS treatment group was obviously higher than that in epileptic and pseudo-surgery groups (0.74±0.20 vs 0.30±0.16 and 0.31±0.16)(P<0.01), but was lower than 1.10±0.23 in control group.Western blot demonstrated that the protein expression of α5 subunits in LFS (0.75±0.09) and control (0.88±0.09) groups were dramatically higher than that in epileptic (0.22±0.08) and pseudo-surgery (0.26±0.08) groups (P<0.01). Conclusion Lowfrequency electric stimulus on hippocampus is effective in controlling epileptic seizures.And the mechanism may be related with the expression level of α5 subunits of extrasynaptic GABAA receptor. Key words: Epilepsy; Electrical stimulation; Hipocampus; GABA A receptors; Subunit

[Experimental study of repairing femoral bone defects with nHA/RHLC/PLA scaffold composite with endothelial cells and osteoblasts in canines].

Abstract: Objective To explore whether a tissue-engineered construct composed of autogenous endothelial cells, osteoblasts and a new bioresorbable nano-hydroxyapatite/recombinant human-like collagen/polylactic acid (nHA/RHLC/PLA) would enhance bone regeneration and repair femoral head defects in canine models. Methods The bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) were isolated from bone marrow of canine ilium and cultured in Dulbecco′s modified eagle medium:nutrient mixture F-12 culture media for 1 week and the second-generation BMSCs were further induced by osteogenic medium (1×10-8 mol/L dexamethasone, 10 mmol/L B-sodium glycerophosphate and 50μg/ml vitamin C) and by endothelial cell grow medium (vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor) for 14 days in vitro.Thus BMSCs were induced into ECs and OBs.After the second passage, cells were digested and collected.And cell density was adjusted to 1.0×106/ml.The cells and nHA/RHLC/PLA scaffold were co-cultured for 2-4 hours then nHA/RHLC/PLA scaffold composites prepared.Cavity defects of 8 mm in diameter and 10 mm in height were made in femoral heads.The nHA/RHLC/PLA scaffold composited with ECs and osteoblasts (OBs)(group A) and composited with OBs (group B) were inserted into different defects while cell-free nHA/RHLC/PLA scaffold served as controls (group C).New bone formation and defect repair were evaluated at 3 and 6 months by radiographic examination, histology and bone histomorphometry. Results New bone formation was evident as early as 3 months in groups A, B and C.At 6 months, abundant bone tissue within defects was observed in group A.The control animals with cell-free scaffold showed less bone formation at both timepoints.The scaffold of nHA/RHLC/PLA was degraded and absorbed gradually with the formation of new bone tissues.Histology and bone histomorphometry further revealed significantly increased trabecular bones in group A compared with groups B and C at 6 months postimplantation (P<0.01).Conclusion More abundant new bone tissue may be found in the bone defect areas implanted with osteoblast-endotheliocyte composite than osteoblasts composite and scaffold materials only.ECs and osteoblasts derived from BMSC are ideal seed cells for repairing femoral head defects. Key words: Femur head necrosis; Bone marrow; Stem cells; Osteoblasts