Showing papers in "Neurobiology of Learning and Memory in 2002"

TL;DR: A theory of multiple parallel memory systems in the brain of the rat is described, which consists of a series of interconnected neural structures that can be cooperative or competitive, and experimental findings consistent with these ideas are reviewed.

TL;DR: The hypothesis is proposed that these apparently dual effects of glucocorticoids on memory consolidation and memory retrieval might be related and that the basolateral complex of the amygdala is a key structure in a memory-modulatory system that regulates, in concert with other brain regions, stress and glucOCorticoid effects on both memory consolidationand memory retrieval.

TL;DR: Recent findings suggest that the learning of sequential finger movements produces a slowly evolving reorganization within primary motor cortex (M1) over the course of weeks and this change in M1 follows more dynamic, rapid changes in the cerebellum, striatum, and other motor-related cortical areas over the Course of days.

TL;DR: This is the first demonstration of the co-occurrence of functional and structural plasticity within the same cortical regions and provides strong evidence that synapse formation may play a role in supporting learning-dependent changes in cortical function.

TL;DR: It is postulate that dopamine contributes to addiction by disrupting the frontal cortical circuits that regulate motivation, drive, and self-control and by memory circuits that increase the motivational salience of the drug and drug-associated stimuli.

TL;DR: Drug addiction can be understood as a pathological subversion of normal brain learning and memory processes strengthened by the motivational impact of drug-associated stimuli, leading to the establishment of compulsive drug-seeking habits.

TL;DR: A better understanding of the molecular and cellular adaptations that occur in these neural circuits may lead to novel interventions to improve memory and combat addiction in humans.

TL;DR: Evidence from several experiments indicates that activation of the basolateral amygdala plays an essential role in modulating memory consolidation processes involving other brain regions, providing strong support for the hypothesis that the BLA plays a critical role in regulating the consolidation of lasting memories of significant experiences.

TL;DR: IL-1 signaling within the hippocampus plays a critical role in learning and memory processes and is associated with memory impairment in the Morris water maze and the passive avoidance response.

TL;DR: Results suggest that Abeta impaired both the induction and maintenance phase of dentate L-LTP through calcineurin-dependent mechanisms, and inhibition of NMDA receptor channels and disruption of protein synthesis were two possible mechanisms contributing to Abeta-induced L- LTP impairment.

TL;DR: New findings regarding synapse-specific gene expression and especially the intracellular transport and synaptic targeting of the mRNA for a recently identified immediate early gene called activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) reveal novel cellular mechanisms that are well suited to mediate long-term synapses-specific modifications.

TL;DR: Electrophysiological and autoradiographic results obtained after muscimol injection into the nucleus basalis magnocellularis or into the thalamic reticular nucleus point out that muscicimol diffusion after intracerebral microinjection is larger than usually supposed.

TL;DR: It is argued that the mid-ventrolateral prefrontal cortex is involved in the active retrieval of information from posterior cortical association areas and increases in activity in theMid-dorsolateral region of the frontal cortex occur when the performance of the tasks requires monitoring of information in memory.

TL;DR: Evidence is provided supporting the involvement of nucleus accumbens PKA in appetitive learning and suggest that this kinase may be involved in long-term changes associated with this and other motivationally based neuroadaptive processes.

TL;DR: It is concluded that beta-amyloid overproduction is at least in part responsible for the acquisition and memory deficits in 12-month-old SAMP8/TaJF mice.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the prelimbic-infralimbic areas are part of neural system important in the short-term memory for visual objects in rats, and significantly impaired memory forVisual objects across all lags.

TL;DR: The findings indicate that LFPs in the auditory cortex have three cardinal features of behavioral memory: associative tuning plasticity, long-term retention, and long- term consolidation.

TL;DR: Results give support to the notion that glucocorticoids play a role in the modulation of both appetitive and aversive emotional memories and show that their role in learning goes beyond the construction of context representations.

TL;DR: The view that the hippocampal system is necessary for the flexible expression of nonspatial memories even when the spatial context in which the memory is acquired is not critical to retrieval is supported.

TL;DR: Findings indicate that aversive behavioral experiences induced a rapid and transient activation of ERK/MAPKs in the hippocampus.

TL;DR: The findings indicate that stress hormones influence the development of PTSD through complex and simultaneous interactions on memory formation and retrieval and that animal models of aversive learning are useful in analyzing and predicting clinical findings in critically ill humans.

TL;DR: It is concluded that activation of the adenosinergic system, through both A(1) and A(2) receptors, can reverse morphine-induced amnesia and is involved in morphine state of memory.

TL;DR: The results indicate that anxiety and learning/memory seem to be independently regulated behaviors, whereas habituation might be more closely correlated with anxiety.

TL;DR: The results suggest that there was some recovery in those rats with hippocampal lesions but both hippocampal and fimbria-fornix animals were still impaired compared to controls when training was delayed 6.5 months following the operations.

TL;DR: The findings suggest that the central and medial nuclei of the amygdala may be important parts of neural circuits mediating conditioned responses that constitute conditioned aversive states, but that conditioned freezing may be mediated independently.

TL;DR: Findings suggest that the dense cholinergic projection from the nucleus basalis magnocellularis to the BLA is involved in both the acquisition and the consolidation of the aversive inhibitory avoidance task.

TL;DR: The data suggest that the amygdala but not the hippocampus is involved in the separation of patterns based on reward value, suggesting that when two reward values are very similar even control animals are not able to separate the reward values in memory.

TL;DR: It is suggested that the facilitatory effect of agmatine on memory consolidation in inhibitory avoidance task might be mediated through the activation of the locus coeruleus.

TL;DR: This article explores the causal and correlative relationships between kinases and learning and memory and attempts to integrate the behavioral data with the purported role of kinases in long-term potentiation (LTP).

TL;DR: Two phases of PKA activity are required during consolidation of LTM, one during training and the other between 4 and 8 h after training, suggesting that in this type of memory PKA activation is not required.