Showing papers in "NeuroImage in 2001"

TL;DR: Global grey matter volume decreased linearly with age, with a significantly steeper decline in males, and local areas of accelerated loss were observed bilaterally in the insula, superior parietal gyri, central sulci, and cingulate sulci.

TL;DR: Estimation is improved by using nonlinear spatial filtering to smooth the estimated autocorrelation, but only within tissue type, and reduced bias to close to zero at probability levels as low as 1 x 10(-5).

TL;DR: The hypothesis that the motor system is part of a simulation network that is activated under a variety of conditions in relation to action, either self-intended or observed from other individuals, will be developed.

TL;DR: There was a significant main effect of sex on brain morphology, even after accounting for the larger global volumes of grey and white matter in males.

TL;DR: Increased BOLD signal was observed in left hemispheric dorsolateral prefrontal, medial, and parietal cortices during the go/no-go task, presumably reflecting a left frontoparietal specialization for response selection.

TL;DR: A sequence of low-level operations to isolate and classify brain tissue within T1-weighted magnetic resonance images (MRI) using a combination of anisotropic diffusion filtering, edge detection, and mathematical morphology is described.

TL;DR: Divergent neural activations in response to TOM and SELF suggest that these important differential mental capacities of human self-consciousness are implemented at least in part in distinct brain regions.

TL;DR: This study investigates water diffusion changes in Wallerian degeneration and shows that in regions where fibers cross, existing DT-MRI-based fiber tractography algorithms may lead to erroneous conclusion about brain connectivity.

TL;DR: A forward model of how data is affected by an inhomogeneous field at different object positions is suggested and a method to solve the inverse problem of estimating the field inhomogeneities and their derivatives with respect to object position is derived directly from the EPI data and estimated realignment parameters.

TL;DR: The results suggest that cost-function masking is superior to the standard approach to this problem, which is affine-only normalization; it is proposed that it should be used routinely for normalizations of brains with focal lesions.

TL;DR: This article has been written in response to Dr. Fred L. Bookstein's article entitled '"Voxel-Based Morphometry" Should Not be used with Imperfectly Registered Images' in this issue of NeuroImage.

TL;DR: In future, the transfer of in vivo structural and functional data into the same spatial reference system will enable accurate comparisons of cytoarchitectonic maps of the primary auditory cortex with activation centers as established with functional imaging procedures.

TL;DR: Cortical activation patterns of human gait were visualized by measuring relative changes in local hemoglobin oxygenation using a recently developed near-infrared spectroscopic (NIRS) topography technique to provide new insight into cortical control of human locomotion.

TL;DR: It is suggested that efficient top-down modulation of reflexive acts may not be fully developed until adulthood and evidence that maturation of function across widely distributed brain regions lays the groundwork for enhanced voluntary control of behavior during cognitive development is provided.

TL;DR: An unfortunate interaction between the algorithm's spatial normalization and voxelwise comparison steps is concerned, whereby several obvious quantitative confounds are injected at the core of the inference engine the authors put forward.

TL;DR: The time to compare two numbers shows additive effects of number notation and of semantic distance, suggesting that the comparison task can be decomposed into distinct stages of identification and semantic processing.

TL;DR: This study has mapped gray matter density by means of voxel-based morphometry on T1-weighted MRI volume sets in 19 patients with mild AD and 16 healthy subjects of similar age and gender ratio and report highly significant clusters of gray matter loss with almost symmetrical distribution.

TL;DR: The present study investigates the hemodynamic and electrophysiological correlates of response competition and error processing and results suggest that the CMA plays a major role in error processing.

TL;DR: Findings corroborate both the hypothesis of a frontal modulation of brain-stem activation probably via the reticular nucleus of the thalamus and of a coactivation of the posterior attention system involved in spatial orienting by the anterior alerting network.

TL;DR: A highly specific contribution of the anterior cingulate cortex to executive functions is suggested, through the detection of conflicts occurring at later or response-related levels of processing.

TL;DR: The hypothesis that the process of relational integration, or considering multiple relations simultaneously, is a component process of complex reasoning that selectively recruits PFC is tested and left RLPFC showed the greatest specificity by remaining preferentially recruited during 2-relational problems even after comparisons were restricted to trials matched for RT and accuracy.

TL;DR: Dysfunction of these brain regions may result from the stress of early global deprivation and may be involved in the long-term cognitive and behavioral deficits displayed by some Romanian orphans.

TL;DR: Diffusion tensor MRI was used to demonstrate in vivo anatomical mapping of brainstem axonal connections and reveals that each tract has a unique spatial signature in terms of water relaxation and diffusion anisotropy.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that gyral patterns and the size and location of PAC vary independently to a considerable degree, and the cytoarchitectonic borders of PAC cannot be reliably inferred from macroscopic-MR visible-anatomy.

TL;DR: MTBI patients showed a different pattern of allocation of processing resources associated with a high processing load condition compared to healthy controls, despite similar task performance, suggesting that injury-related changes in ability to activate or modulate WM processing resources might underlie some of the memory complaints after MTBI.

TL;DR: Virtual reality (VR) and event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging were used to study memory for the spatial context of controlled but lifelike events and posterior activations are consistent with strategic retrieval processes, including those required to overcome the interference between the highly similar events.

TL;DR: Simulations show that high-pass filtering is desirable if the appropriate model for the hemodynamic response is used, and the power spectrum of the measured BOLD signal in rapid event-related paradigms is similar to that of the noise.

TL;DR: This work used simulations to examine the errors that result when this analysis is applied to focal hemodynamic changes, and performed simultaneous NIRS measurements during a motor task in adult humans and a neonate to evaluate the dependence of the measured changes on detector-probe geometry.

TL;DR: The efficacy of using an analytic approach informed by electrophysiology to identify multisensory integration sites in humans is demonstrated and the particular network of brain areas implicated in these crossmodal integrative processes are suggested to be dependent on the nature of the correspondence between the different sensory inputs.

TL;DR: The RAVENS methodology was found to accurately determine the regions of atrophy, despite their localized nature and the interindividual variability of cortical structures, and to perform substantially better than the voxel-based morphology method of SPM'99.