Showing papers in "Neurologic Clinics in 1993"

TL;DR: A review of the neuropathology of infantile autism shows abnormalities in the limbic forebrain and in cerebellar circuits that appear to date from a fetal stage of development with evidence for an ongoing process after birth.

TL;DR: New evidence suggests that orbitobasal frontal lobe dysfunction in addition to diencephalic lesions contributes to the deficits found in Korsakoff patients, and a genetically controlled thiamine deficiency has been hypothesized to account for the development of the Wernicke-Korsakoffs disorder.

TL;DR: Earlier diagnostic and therapeutic interventions for patients with central nervous system complications of infective endocarditis will, it is hoped, improve the outcome in patients with this disorder.

TL;DR: The neuroeffector site for nervous system-induced pulmonary edema appears relatively well established in regions about the caudal medulla, where nuclei regulating systemic arterial pressure and afferent and efferent pathways to and from the lungs are located.

TL;DR: It is proposed that the right (more than the left) cerebral hemisphere is responsible for alertness and wakefulness (vigilance) with the reticular formation being accountable for sleep.

TL;DR: The most important aspect of behavioral changes in epilepsy for physicians is to recognize and treat dysfunctional behavior, and identifying risk factors will assist in developing methods to prevent these disorders.

TL;DR: This article reviews the known neuroanatomic and neuropathologic bases of developmental dyslexia in the context of some of the functional deficits exhibited by affected individuals.

TL;DR: The nature, prevalence, and course of cognitive and emotional disturbances in multiple sclerosis (MS) are described and a brief neuropsychological screening battery, suitable for routine clinical use, is developed.

TL;DR: The neuroanatomy of the heart and lungs and neurogenic lung and heart disease is discussed, which combines sympathetic overactivity with secondary catecholamine toxicity and a unifying hypothesis is proposed to explain all of the forms of sudden death.

TL;DR: Mechanisms and biochemical effects of brain injury, cellular mechanisms of epileptogenesis, genetic factors, prevention and prophylaxis, alteration ofbrain injury responses, and recommendations for management are discussed.

TL;DR: Cause, diagnostic evaluation, and antiepileptic drug pharmacology, and Tentative treatment suggestions are offered, emphasizing the limits of available knowledge.

TL;DR: This article describes the recently discovered language functions of the right hemisphere that involve the (nonverbal) modulation of affective prosody and gestures that appears to be analogous to the organization of verbal language in the left hemisphere.

TL;DR: A clinic specializing in learning disabilities and willing to assess adults receives referrals that parallel the three major reasons for referral in the pediatric and adolescent school-aged population: (1) "Is this patient dyslexic"; (2) "Does this patient 'have' ADHD residual type"; (3) " does this patient have some kind of learning disability?"

TL;DR: The exact incidence and characteristic of post-CABG encephalopathy needs to be defined further to determine if adjustments in surgical or perfusion techniques can minimize or reverse those factors that lead to neuropsychiatric dysfunction.

TL;DR: The correct diagnosis can be established and appropriate treatment can be instituted by relying on routine and prolonged EEG, EKG, and sleep studies, when appropriate.

TL;DR: The central nervous system through its modulation of autonomic activity plays an important role in maintaining homeostasis in the cardiovascular system and in integrating cardiovascular responses with behaviors.

TL;DR: Cognitive training of spatial disorders following right hemisphere stroke has shown some success when curricula are properly designed, but the success is quite limited because of normal cognitive constraints and those occurring after brain damage.

TL;DR: Epileptic activation of cortical brain sites can turn this system on and probably is responsible partially for the increased incidence of unexpected death in this patient population.

TL;DR: Because the overall population of patients with congenital heart disease encompasses an increasing proportion of these high-risk patients, careful surveillance for potential neurologic complications is indicated.

TL;DR: The dementing diseases of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, pellagra, the nonfamilial form of hepatocerebral degeneration, Marchiafava-Bignami disease, and alcoholic dementia and their relationships to chronic alcoholism are discussed in this article.

TL;DR: The point-correlation-dimension analysis of heartbeat variability is able to characterize the patterns of low-dimensional chaos produced by the heartbeat generator, a mechanism that is a composite of the voltage-dependent, neurotransmitter- dependent, and circulation-dependent ionic conductances that are all located in the myocardium where the heartbeat is formed.

TL;DR: This article exemplifies the major difficulties inherent in carrying out and interpreting human drug research by showing how many studies that have failed to attend to these issues have involved large expenditures of effort with little or no new knowledge as the outcome.

TL;DR: Treatment of acute myocardial infarction with t-PA and anisoylated plasminogen streptokinase activator complex are associated with a higher risk of stroke than treatment with strePTokinase; this excess risk is attributable to an increased rate of cerebral hemorrhages.

TL;DR: This article gives a basic description of neurophysiologic control of cardiac function and specific electrocardiographic abnormalities related to various central nervous system insults.

TL;DR: A logical approach to the analysis of electroencephalograms is presented, illustrating the principle pitfalls in each step of this analysis.

TL;DR: This overview of Aem interactions underscores the importance of understanding the pharmacokinetic properties of AEMs and demonstrates the need for careful analysis of Aems concentrations in situations in which combinations of A EMs are used.

TL;DR: Although neurologic complications constitute a significant risk, disabling strokes have been relatively rare and appear to relate to the duration of support on the device, LVADs constitute an important therapeutic development in the treatment of end stage heart failure.

TL;DR: There is now ample evidence that depression produces observable changes in a variety of brain systems that should be of interest to investigators and clinicians in neurology.

TL;DR: The evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of childhood epilepsy or isolated seizures deserve special consideration and a working diagnosis of an epilepsy syndrome should be implemented early in the course of evaluation.

TL;DR: PET, SPECT, and MR imaging are valuable techniques in the diagnosis and treatment of the epilepsies and are particularly valuable when combined with electroencephalogram evaluation in selecting patients for epilepsy surgery.