Showing papers in "Nutrition in 1996"

TL;DR: The Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment of nutritional status is used in conjunction with the nutritional risk of planned cancer therapy to define a standardized interventional approach in oncology patients, which can be used in clinical practice, cooperative oncologists group protocols, and clinical trials of nutritional intervention regimens.

TL;DR: Keeping adequate antioxidant status may provide a useful approach in attenuating the cellular injury and dysfunction observed in some inflammatory disorders.

TL;DR: The conclusion that patients' outcome is adversely affected by a poor nutritional status is not new or startling, malnutrition continues to be a persistent problem in hospitalized patients, which can be readily identified using simple and easily available indices and, furthermore, readily treated.

TL;DR: A component fish oil, perhaps EPA, merits further investigation in the treatment of cancer cachexia, and changes in weight were accompanied by a temporary but significant reduction in acute phase protein production and by stabilisation of resting energy expenditure.

TL;DR: The panel recommended that patients seeking therapy for severe obesity for the first time should be considered for treatment in a nonsurgical program with integrated components of a dietary regimen, appropriate exercise, and behavioral modification and support.

TL;DR: DXA is widely used clinically to assess a patient's risk of osteoporosis and to monitor the effects of therapy and is also increasingly used to measure body composition in terms of fat and fat-free mass.

TL;DR: Understanding the specific mechanisms responsible for anorexia during disease as well as their interactions is essential to develop interventions for the control of anorexigenic substances and to devise less toxic immunotherapeutic regimens using cytokines.

TL;DR: Passive stretching can preserve the architecture of muscle fibers and whether it can prevent muscle wasting remains uncertain, but the ratio of protein to DNA decreased similarly in both limbs.

TL;DR: It is concluded that zinc may play an important role in modulating serum testosterone levels in normal men and zinc supplementation of marginally zinc-deficient normal elderly men for six months resulted in an increase in serum testosterone.

TL;DR: Recovery of cachexia by EPA in this mouse model results from its capacity to interfere with tumour-produced catabolic factors, similar to that detected in human cancer cachexia.

TL;DR: Preliminary studies suggest that newer nutritional-pharmacologic agents may be beneficial in counteracting the derangement of host metabolism, and consequently in ameliorating cancer patients' nutritional status and outcome of malnourishment.

TL;DR: A three-step process is proposed to reach a decision on the type of treatment support (artificial nutrition vs. hydration) which would best meet the needs and expectations of the patient, and the periodic reevaluation of the decision made based on the proposed goal and the attained result is proposed.

TL;DR: The antiatherogenic role of zinc appears to be in its ability to inhibit oxidative stress-responsive factors involved in disruption of endothelial integrity and atherosclerosis.

TL;DR: A modified enteral nutritional support and supplementation may influence the immune competence toward a more efficient defense response in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery.

TL;DR: Prealbumin is found to be a sensitive measure of nutritional status, allowing for earlier assessment and intervention, and thus reducing length of stay, and based on these findings, the hospital has generated and implemented a multidisciplinary nutrition care program that meets the 1995 Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations Nutrition Care Standards.

TL;DR: It is considered that both the absolute and relative amounts of fat are important, since the lean mass and the fat must be in a particular absolute range, as well as relative range, and this hypothesis leads to the prediction of minimum or threshold weights-for-height for the onset and maintenance of regular ovulatory menstrual cycles.

TL;DR: Until clinical data can fulfill expectations derived from animal studies, it is difficult to advocate the general use of MCT-based lipid emulsions, although not yet approved in the United States, preparations containing MCT have been widely available in Europe.

TL;DR: Animal and human studies have shown that production of cytokines can be reduced by long-chain (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), which results in reduction of the severity of certain autoimmune, inflammatory, and atherosclerotic diseases and reduces cytokine-induced anorexia.

TL;DR: Since fonio is devoid of other molecules likely to interfere with the thyroid function, the results are directly and casually attributed to A and L1 found in the customary diet.

TL;DR: Lipid metabolism is extensively regulated during the host response to infection, as lipoproteins scavenge infectious particles such as endotoxin to represent part of the host defense.

TL;DR: The putative mediators and mechanisms of LPS and MDP hypophagia suggest some options for a treatment of the hypophagy during bacterial infection, but present knowledge about the mechanisms and interactions of the involved substances is still fragmentary and requires further investigation.

TL;DR: The effects of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) versus enteral nutrition (TEN) were studied in 34 patients following major neurosurgery as discussed by the authors, where measurements were made of resting energy expenditure (REE), urea production rate (UPR), visceral proteins, parameters of liver and pancreas function, as well as gastrointestinal absorption.

TL;DR: The interesting possibility arises that undernutrition during infancy may result in failure of the brain to achieve its full potential in size, and it is not unreasonable to suppose that this may also predispose to inhibition of optimum intellectual and personality development.

TL;DR: The evidence suggests that the prevalence of obesity is still steadily increasing, and current trends predict that most Americans will struggle with weight problems and obesity in the future.

TL;DR: It is hypothesized that during tumor growth, increased production/secretion of IL-1 occurs, which facilitates the tryptophan supply to the brain, which is critical in supplying the hypothalamus with the precursor, tryPTophan, in order to maintain the high rate of serotonin synthesis.

TL;DR: A variety of preventive measures have been shown to minimize the risk of development of catheter-related bloodstream infection, including use of maximal aseptic technique for insertion, use of special teams for care of theCatheter, limiting manipulation of the catheter, and use of povidone-iodine ointment and cotton gauze dressings for recently inserted catheters.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that breast milk n-3 PUFA content can be increased without altering the plasma cholesterol or triglycerides when the n- 3 PUFA eggs were consumed by nursing women.

TL;DR: The acute phase response was associated with decreased plasma levels of the antioxidants lycopene, alpha carotenes, and beta carotene, which may further compromise antioxidant status and increase oxidative stress and damage in elders.

TL;DR: Both methods of supplementation allow weight gain without significantly affecting spontaneous oral intake, and both methods are effective at reducing the need for oral nutritional supplements.