Showing papers in "Pharmacological Reports in 2016"

TL;DR: Current directions in the search for novel, potentially effective agents for the treatment of AD are presented, as well as selected promising treatment strategies.

TL;DR: In this review, the influence of the Western diet, obesity, and different nutraceuticals/functional foods (bioactive peptides, phytochemicals, omega 3-polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamin D, probiotics and prebiotics) on the course of IBD are described and some hints that could be useful for nutritional guidance are provided.

TL;DR: The physiological roles of SM and enzymes controlling SM levels as well as their involvement in selected pathologies of the Central Nervous System, such as ischemia/hypoxia, Alzheimer disease (AD), Parkinson disease (PD), depression, schizophrenia and Niemann Pick disease (NPD) are characterized.

TL;DR: This review discussed the potency of LL-37 as a therapeutic agent in four systems: immunological, respiratory, gastrointestinal and in the skin, and analyzed the main molecular pathways dependent on human cathelicidin and related them to specific diseases.

TL;DR: Critical perspicacity into the etiology of insulin resistance have been gained by the use of animal models where insulin action has been modulated by various transgenic and non-transgenic models which is not possible in human studies.

TL;DR: Hesperidin decreased cisplatin-induced functional and histopathological liver damage in a dose-dependent manner without affecting its potential cytotoxic effect.

TL;DR: Patients with epilepsy display a 4-5 higher rate of depression and suicide compared with healthy population, and treatment with antiepileptic drugs as well as social coping and adaptation skills have been recognised as risk factors of depression associated with epilepsy.

TL;DR: An overview of the effects of exercise on human and experimental colitis in animal models that mimic human disease is provided, although the information on exercise in human IBD are sparse and poorly understood.

TL;DR: It can be unambiguously stated that serotonergic, noradrenergic and dopaminergic systems are precisely connected with pathogenesis of depression, and should be therefore considered as valuable targets in patients' treatment.

TL;DR: The combination therapy, which is the most effective treatment, includes combretastatin A4 phosphate (CA4P) and conventional chemotherapeutics and/or radiotherapy, and CA4P is relatively well tolerated giving adverse events of moderate severity, which includes: nausea, vomiting, headache, and tumor pain.

TL;DR: Experimental findings indicate that silymarin exhibits antidepressant like activity probably either through alleviating oxidative stress by modulation of corticosterone response, and antioxidant defense system in hippocampus and cerebral cortex in ARS mice.

TL;DR: Results indicate that the anti-immobility effect of ascorbic acid and ketamine in TST may involve an activation of GABAA receptors and a possible inhibition of GABAB receptors.

TL;DR: Melatonin and NF in depressed patients show neuroprotective effects andMelatonin may be a significant marker of depression severity.

TL;DR: The role of glutamatergic, GABA-ergic, and cholinergic receptors in depression and antidepressant-like effect is presented.

TL;DR: This review gathers information on mechanisms of metformin antitumor activity, with special attention given to the impact of this antidiabetic drug on insulin/PI3K/mTOR and AMPK signaling.

TL;DR: Overall, these findings confirm the chemopreventive potential of chrysin against B(a)P induced lung cancer in Swiss albino mice.

TL;DR: The results demonstrated that T BBPA concentrations ranging from 100nM to 100μM caused caspase-3 activation and apoptotic body formation and it is suggested that the H2DCFDA assay cannot be used to measure TBBPA-stimulated cell-mediated ROS production.

TL;DR: Findings reveal a protective capability of BA against Dex-induced cell death by reducing oxidative stress via mitochondrial mediated signal pathway which could be the potential mechanism underlying BA-elicited immunomodulation.

TL;DR: The present study provides the overview of clinical manifestations and therapeutic options for the most common adverse events related to mTOR inhibitors in TSC patients.

TL;DR: O-HA significantly increases proliferation, migration, and tube formation of endothelial cells under high glucose conditions, and topical administration of O-HA ointment promotes wound healing by increasing angiogenesis in the wounded area of the skin.

TL;DR: Treatment with diosgenin significantly ameliorated the altered oxidative stress levels in STZ induced diabetic rats resulting in decreased LPO and increased endogenous antioxidant levels in a dose-dependent manner.

TL;DR: The pathophysiology of MS is outlined and aspects revealed recently, such as mineralocorticoid activity, involvement of sex hormones and an accompanying increase in prolactin secretion are emphasized, and the possible utility of selected agents as adjuvants in IBD therapy is discussed.

TL;DR: An overview of the recent advancements is presented and focuses on the structural features responsible for unique antiTB applications and compiled published reports on benzimidazole derivatives emphasizing on different approaches employed for their syntheses in order to help medicinal and clinical chemists in designing next generation, yet effective and safer antiTB candidates.

TL;DR: Terpenoids with various structures affect the function of the GABAergic system via dissimilar mechanisms and bilobalide, a sesquiterpene, showed anticonvulsant properties through the activation of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) enzyme, which is a key enzyme in biosynthesis of GABA.

TL;DR: It is shown that exenatide skewed the macrophages phenotype toward anti-inflammatory phenotype and this effect is predominantly attributable to protein kinase A and to a less extent to B/Akt activation.

TL;DR: Epicatechin was able to decrease the disease activity index and colon macroscopic damage index scores, reduce body weight loss, and significantly relieve colon contracture and crypt damage in mice model with DSS-induced acute UC.

TL;DR: A systematic review of the effect of lithium on hematopoietic, mesenchymal and neural stem cells is presented, suggesting that lithium may reduce the risk of dementia and exert a beneficial effect in neurodegenerative diseases.

TL;DR: Present changes suggest that the significant dysregulation of presenilin 2 gene may be connected with a response of neuronal cells to transient global brain ischemia due to cardiac arrest, which may play a key role in the late onset of Alzheimer's-type dementia.

TL;DR: It is suggested that inhibition of nNOS by 7NI improves the deleterious effects of LPS by reducing NO metabolites and the brain tissues oxidative damage.

TL;DR: β-elemene is effective in inducing mitochondrial apoptosis of RA-FLS, which is mediated through induction of ROS formation and p38 MAPK activation, and may thus have therapeutic benefits for RA.