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Showing papers in "Physica Status Solidi B-basic Solid State Physics in 1974"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an elastic continuum model for Brillouin scattering by an amorphous solid is presented, where light scatters on distorted plane wave acoustic phonons leads to the prediction that the scattered intensity plotted as a function of the frequency transfer Ωo consists of the usual BrillouIN peaks plus a background which, a t room temperature, goes like Ω; for small Ω o, but rises less steeply for larger Ω O, and may even bend over within the range of the validity of the model, depending on the correlation lengths for spatial fluctuations due
Abstract: An elastic continuum model is presented for Brillouin scattering by an amorphous solid. The assumption that light scatters on distorted plane wave acoustic phonons leads to the prediction that the scattered intensity plotted as a function of the frequency transfer Ωo consists of the usual Brillouin peaks plus a background which, a t room temperature, goes like Ωo; for small Ωo, but rises less steeply for larger Ωo, and may even bend over within the range of the validity of the model, depending on the correlation lengths for spatial fluctuations due to disorder and on the speeds of sound. For the case of a-Si, additional results are obtained with the help of existing experimental measurements. Es wird die Brillouinstreuung in a morphen Snbstanzen an einem elastischen Kontinuums-modell diskutiert. Die Annahme, das Licht an durch deformierte ebene Wellen beschriebenen akustischen Phononen gestreut wird, fiihrt zu folgenden Aussagen. Die Streuintensitiit als Funktion der Frequenzverschiebung besteht aus den ublichen Brillouin-Peaks und einem Hintergrund, der, bei Raumtemperaturen, fur kleine Ωo proportional zu Ω 2o ist. Mit wachsendem Ω o wachst der Hintergrund dam schwacher als Ω2o. Jc nach den Werten der Korrelationslangen fur raumliche Fluktuationen und der Schallgeschwindigkeiten kanner im Giiltigkeitsbereich des Modells sogar nach Erreichen eines Maximums wieder abfallen. ZusaItzliche Aussagen werden fur den Fall von a-Si unter Ausnutzung existierender Messungen gemacht.

270 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a model is presented which describes the optical modes of a mixed crystal and emphasizes a realistic use of the local electric field and is completely defined by the macroscopic parameters of the pure end members.
Abstract: A model is presented which describes the optical modes of a mixed crystal. The model emphasizes a realistic use of the local electric field and is completely defined by the macroscopic parameters of the pure end members. The concentration dependence of the optical frequencies can be categorized into four distinct classes in contrast to the usual two classes, “one-mode” and “two-mode”. We suggest that experimental evidence already exists which supports this new classification scheme. Es wird ein Modell behandelt, welches die langwelligen optischen Phonon-Moden von Mischkristallen beschreibt. Das Modell beinhaltet eine realistische Behandlung des lokalen elektrischen Feldes und ist vollstandig durch die makroskopischen Parameter der reinen Endkristalle definiert. Die Konzentrationsabhangigkeit der optischen Frequenzen zeigt eine Unterscheidung in vier unterschiedliche Klassen im Gegensatz zu den ublichen zwei Klassen, namlich den Ein-Moden- und Zwei-Moden-Mischkristallen. Es wird gezeigt, das bereits experimentelle Evidenz fur das neue Klassifikations-Schema existiert.

168 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The contribution of Bloch-wall electron-scattering to the electrical resistivity of a ferromagnetic metal is calculated in this article for various cases which include small as well as large exchange splittings.
Abstract: The contribution of Bloch-wall electron-scattering to the electrical resistivity of a ferromagnetic metal is calculated. Calculations are carried out for various cases which include small as well as large exchange splittings. In all cases, spherical Fermi surfaces are considered, the wall width is assumed to be small compared to the intrinsic electron mean-free-path and diamagnetic effects are neglected. It is found that the experimental results (large negative magnetoresistance between 0 and 100 G) could be explained, even when diamagnetic effects are not included, if the majority and minority spins have sizeably different density-of-states at the Fermi level. Der Anteil der Elektronenstreuung an Blochwanden zum elektrischen Widerstand in Ferromagneten wird berechnet. Die Rechnungen werden fur verschiedene Falle mit sowohl kleiner als auch groser Austauschwechselwirkung durchgefuhrt. In allen Fallen wird kugelformige Gestalt der Fermioberflachen vorausgesetzt, die Wanddicke wird als klein angenommen gegenuber der naturlichen mittleren freien Weglange der Elektronen, und diamagnetische Effekte werden vernachlassigt. Experimentelle Ergebnisse – groser negativer Magnetowiderstand fur Felder kleiner als 100 G – konnen erklart werden, falls Majoritats-und Minoritatsspins erheblich voneinander abweichende Zustandsdichten an der Fermi-energie aufweisen, selbst dann, wenn diamagnetische Effekte nicht berucksichtigt werden.

148 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the excitation spectra of epitaxial n-and p-type GaAs at 1.6 K were measured with high resolution, using very low intensity of excitation.
Abstract: Luminescence, excitation, and photoconductivity spectra of epitaxial n- and p-type GaAs at 1.6 K are measured with high resolution, using very low intensity of excitation. Under this condition, it is found that the (D°, X) bound exciton emission is split into two components, and that further structure is observable between the (D°, X) and the luminescence band, recently attributed to lower branch polariton emission. In particular, two very sharp lines are seen ≈ 0.5 meV above the (D°, X) emission. These lines are observed in all our samples, and their intensities seem to be related to the strength of the (D°, X) line. Analysis of the excitation spectra lead to the identification of three emission lines. These are the n = 2 free exciton transition, the two-electron transition of the (D°, X) complex with the donor left in then = 3 excited state, and most probably the n = 2 donor-to-valence band transition. Mit hoher Auflosung wurden die Lumineszenzspektren, Anregungsspektren und Photo-leitungsspektren von n- und p-leitendem epitaktischem GaAs bei 1,6 K gemessen. Bei Ver-wendung sehr geringer Anregungsintensitaten spaltet die Linie des am Donator gebundenen Exzitons (D°, X) auf und weitere Feinstruktur wird sichtbar zwischen (D°, X) und der Emissionslinie, die kurzlich dem unteren Polaritonenast zugeschrieben wurde. Insbesondere werden in alien Proben zwei sehr scharfe Linien etwa 0,5 meV oberhalb der (D°, X)-Linie beobachtet. Diese Linien scheinen in ihrer Intensitat mit der (D°, X)-Emission korreliert zu sein. Die Analyse der Anregungsspektren erlaubt die Zuordnung dreier Emissionslinien. Dies sind der n = 2-Exzitonenubergang, der Zwei-Elektronen-ubergang des (D°, X)-Kom-plexes, wobei der Donator im n = 3-Zustand verbleibt, und schlieslich der n = 2-Donator–Valenzband-Ubergang.

145 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the E ⊥ c reflectivity has been measured up to 10 eV for hexagonal, single-crystal GaN and the band structure and reflectivity have been computed by the empirical pseudopotential method and used to identify the observed spectral peaks.
Abstract: The E ⊥ c reflectivity has been measured up to 10 eV for hexagonal, single-crystal GaN. The band structure and reflectivity have been computed by the empirical pseudopotential method and used to identify the observed spectral peaks.

137 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of Cu63 and Al27, Ga69 and In115 have been recorded in ternary IB-III-VI2 semiconductors, which crystallize in the tetragonal chalcopyrite structure.
Abstract: Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of Cu63 and Al27, Ga69 and In115 have been recorded in ternary IB–III–VI2 semiconductors, which crystallize in the tetragonal chalcopyrite structure. Nuclear electric quadrupole coupling constants have been determined and are discussed in connection with the structural parameters of these compounds, which were determined by X-ray diffraction. Es wurden die Kernresonanzspektren von Cu63 und Al27, Ga69 und In115 in den ternaren IB-III-VI2-Halbleitern, die in der tetragonalen Chalkopyrit-Struktur kristallisieren, be- stimmt. Die elektrischen Kern-Quadrupol-Kopplungskonstanten wurden bestimmt und werden in Verbindung mit den Strukturparametern dieser Verbindungen diskutiert, die durch Rontgenbeugung bestimmt wurden.

134 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the energy loss spectra in the first series transition metals (Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) have been obtained by transmission of 35 keV electrons through thin films in the spectral range 2 to 120 eV.
Abstract: Energy loss spectra in the first series transition metals (Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) have been performed by transmission of 35 keV electrons through thin films (200 to 400 A) in the spectral range 2 to 120 eV. Experimental data processing enables to distinguish between single scattering volume losses and surface losses. Characteristic functions, such as the energy loss function, the complex dielectric constant, and the optical absorption coefficient are computed and compared with results obtained by different methods. Ces spectres de pertes d'energie des metaux de transition de la premiere serie (Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) ont ete obtenus par transmission d'electrons rapides (35 keV) a travers des couches minces (200 a 400 A) sur un intervalle d'energie important (2 a 120 eV). L'analyse numerique des donnees permet de distinguer les pertes par diffusion unique en volume des pertes de surface. Certaines grandeurs caracteristiques de l'echantillon comme la fonction perte d'energie, la constante dielectrique complexe et le coefficient de photo-absorption en sont deduites et comparees avec des resultats obtenus par des methodes differentes.

101 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: X-ray diffraction patterns were obtained from liquid noble and transition metals (Cu, Ag, Au, Fe, Co, Ni) at temperatures between melting point mid 1650 °C.
Abstract: X-ray diffraction patterns were obtained from liquid noble and transition metals (Cu, Ag, Au, Fe, Co, Ni) at temperatures between melting point mid 1650 °C. After calculating the structure factor (Fourier analysis), the atomic radial distribution function was evaluated from which interatomic distance and coordination number were obtained. Comparing the results with those observed previously by other researchers, adequate agreement was found. Rontgenbeugungsbilder von flussigen Edelmetallen und Ubergangsmetallen (Cu, Ag, Au, Fe, Co, Ni) wurden bei Temperaturen zwischen dem Schmelzpunkt und 1650 °C erhalten. Durch eine schon mehrfach dargestellte Methode (Fourier-Analyse) wurde der Strukturfaktor in eine radiale Atomverteilungsfunktion transformiert, aus der sich der mittlere Abstand nachster Atome und die Koordinationszahl ergeben. Bei einem Vergleich mit fruher von anderen Autoren angegebenen Daten wurde ausreichende Ubereinstimmung gefunden.

85 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a general theory of electronic transitions in condensed media is developed which describes in particular various possible chemical reactions in condensed medium, and general expressions are obtained for the rate constants of the corresponding reactions.
Abstract: A general theory of electronic transitions in condensed media is developed which describes in particular various possible chemical reactions in condensed media. The approximations used are: the Born-Oppenheimer adiabatic approximation, the Condon approximation to describe the dependence of the matrix elements of the electron transition, and the harmonic approximation to describe the nuclear motion in the initial and final electronic states. In the framework of these approximations general expressions are obtained for the rate constants of the corresponding reactions. In a certain approximation these constants can be reduced to the form given by the Eyring theory of rate processes. In the other region the expressions for the rate constants are obtained which are of an essentially different character and are interpreted in terms of the theory of the multiphonon transitions. Reactions are considered which occur only with a conformation transition of the system as well as those which are accompanied by conformation transitions and by breaking of a chemical bond. [Russian Text Ignored].

74 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, first-order perturbation theory has been employed to compute the scattering and conversion to surface plasma oscillations of photons incident normally on a nearly planar vacuum-dielectric surface.
Abstract: First-order perturbation theory has been employed to compute the scattering and conversion to surface plasma oscillations of photons incident normally on a nearly planar vacuum-dielectric surface. The calculation proceeds through a classical solution of Maxwell's equations. Transformation to a non-orthogonal system of coordinates is effected. The Green function tensor for the Hertz vector potential appropriate to the plane surface geometry is found and applied to a determination of the scattered fields. The results are valid for arbitrarily large damping of fields due to electronic transitions in the dielectric.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the luminescence spectra of ZnO platelets at 1.9 K have been investigated under 3371 A insor excitation from 5 to 500 kW/cm2.
Abstract: The luminescence spectra of ZnO platelets at 1.9 K have been investigated under 3371 A Insor excitation from 5 to 500 kW/cm2. New details in the P-band luminescence (exciton-exciton scattering) reveal the separation between A and B excitons in ZnO and the stimulated emission in this band is found to be strong for exciton scattering to higher excited states (n > 2). At the highest excitation powers a new emission line is observed which is associated with the decay of excitonic molecules. The molecule binding energy is estimated to be 15 to 20 meV. Es wurdcn die Lumineszenzspektren von ZnO-Plattchenkristallcn bei 1,9 K nntcr Laser-anregung (λ = 3371 A) von 5 bis 500 kW/cm2 untersucht. Ncue Details dcr Lumincszenz der P-Bande (Exziton-Exziton-Streuprozesse) zeigen die Trennung zwischen A- und B-Eszitonen im ZnO, und es wurde beobachtet, dss die stimulierte Emission dieser Bande fur Streuprozesse zu hoheren angeregten Zustanden (n > 2) schr stark ist. Bei den hochsten Anregungen wird eine neue Emissionslinie, die am dem Zerfall der Exzitonenmolekule entsteht, beobachtet. Die Bindungsenergie des Exzitonenmolekuls ist schatzungsweise 15 bis 20 meV.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: From polarized reflection spectra of TEA(TCNQ)2 single crystals at room temperature, quantitative values of the complex dielectric function and the optical conductivity σ(ω) in the range from the far infrared to the ultraviolet have been derived.
Abstract: From polarized reflection spectra of TEA(TCNQ)2 single crystals at room temperature, quantitative values of the complex dielectric function e(ω) and the optical conductivity σ(ω) in the range from the far infrared to the ultraviolet have been derived. The polarization of the vibrational bands almost exclusively parallel to the highly conducting direction suggests strong interaction of conduction electrons with intramolecular TCNQ vibrations. An Eirikristallen des hoch anisotropen organischen Halbleiters TEA(TCNQ)2 wurden bei Zimmertemperatur die polarisierten Reflexionsspektren vom fernen Infrarot bis ins Ultraviolett gemessen. Daraus wurden die kornplexe Dielektrizitatskonstante e(ω) sonie die optische Leitfahigkeit σ(ω) bestimnit. Die beobachteten Vibrationsbanden sind fast ausschlieslich parallel zur Richtung hoher Leitfahigkeit polarisiert. Das ist ein Hinweis dafur, das die Leitungselektronen ruit den intramolekularen TCNQ-Schningungen stark gekoppelt sind.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the possibilities of the quasimolecular "large unit cell" approach in the theory of deep energy levels in imperfect solids are discussed and some general principles of its realization are formulated.
Abstract: The possibilities of the quasimolecular “large unit cell” approach in the theory of deep energy levels in imperfect solids are discussed and some general principles of its realization are formulated. The success of this approach is illustrated by the application to the defect level problem in graphitic boron nitride (vacancies and impurity carbon atoms at boron and nitrogen lattice sites are considered). The results obtained are compared with available experimental data, and possible defect models are discussed. [Russian Text Ignored]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a simple analytic form for the linear dielectric function ϵ(q) of a semiconductor is constructed, which accounts correctly for the limiting cases q = 0 and asymptotic large q values.
Abstract: A simple analytic form for the linear dielectric function ϵ(q) of a semiconductor is constructed, which accounts correctly for the limiting cases q = 0 and asymptotic large q values. For ϵ(0) ∞ a Weizsacker type of screening is obtained. Numerical comparison with dielectric functions calculated on the basis of exact band structures shows very good agreement. Analytical expressions for the r-dependent dielectric function, for the filter function, and for the convolution function are also given and their implications are discussed. Fur die lineare dielektrische Funktion ϵ(q) eines Halbleiters wird eine einfache analytische Formel aufgestellt, die in korrekter Weise die Grenzfalle fur q = 0 und fur asymptotisch grose q-Werte enthalt. Fur ϵ(0) ∞ beschreibt die angegebene Formel eine Abschirmung vom Weizsacker-Typ. Der numerische Vergleich der aufgestellten ϵ(q) -Formel mit di-elektrischen Funktionen, die auf der Grundlage exakter Bandstrukturen berechnet wurden, zeigt ausgezeichnete Ubereinstimmung. Auserdem werden analytische Ausdrucke fur die r-abhangige dielektrische Funktion, fur die Filterfunktion und fur die Faltungsfunktion angegeben und diskutiert.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the microscopic Grueneisen parameters of all optical modes at zero wave vector, and the pressure derivatives of the elastic and dielectric constants of the difluorides XF, (X = Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn) have been calculated from a rigid ion model with an effective ionic charge and with first and second nearest neighbor Born-Mayer type short range interaction.
Abstract: The microscopic Grueneisen parameters of all optical modes at zero wave vector, and the pressure derivatives of the elastic and dielectric constants of the difluorides XF, (X = Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn) have been calculated from a rigid ion model with an effective ionic charge and with first and second nearest neighbor Born-Mayer-type central force short range interaction. The parameters of the model were previously determined from zero pressure values of the optical frequencies and elastic constants. The calculated values agree quite well with the few available experimental data. Several optical mode frequencies and elastic constant eigenvalues have negative pressure coefficients, which reflects and is related to the presence of several high pressure phases. Die mikroskopischen Gruneisenparameter der optischen Schwingungen im Zentrum der B.Z. und die Druckkoeffizienten der elastischen und dielektrischen Konstanten der Difluoride XF2 (X = Mg, Mn, Be, Co, Ni, Zn) wurden fur das Modell starrer Ionen mit einer effektiven Ladung und mit kurzreichweitigem Born-Mayer-Potential berechnet. Die Parameter des Modells wurden aus den optischen Frequenzen und elastischen Konstanten bei verschwindendem Druck bestimmt. Die berechneten Werte stimmen ziemlich gut mit den wenigen vorhandenen experimentellen Daten uberein. Mehrere optische Frequenzen und Eigenwerte der Matrix der elastischen Konstanten weisen negative Druckkoeffizienten auf, was dem Auftreten mehrerer Hochdruckmodifikationen entspricht.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The thermal conductivity of pure bismuth in a very high magnetic field has a contribution from the transverse thermomagnetic effects that is not negligible compared with the lattice contribution.
Abstract: The thermal conductivity of pure bismuth in a very high magnetic field has a contribution from the transverse thermomagnetic effects that is not negligible compared with the lattice contribution. It is demonstrated, however, that the lattice component in the binary direction can be determined accurately from measurements of the total thermal conductivity with a high magnetic field in the bisectrix and trigonal directions. Such measurements have shown that the lattice conductivity of bismuth is strictly inversely proportional to the absolute temperature in the range 35 to 140 K, and have allowed the electronic contribution to be evaluated.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The origin of near infrared absorption spectra in semiconducting CdF2 crystals is reviewed in this article, where it is shown that the intrinsic nature of the shallow donors responsible for both the infrared absorption and conductivity of CDF2 is explained by Fano's theory of discrete states degenerate with the continuum.
Abstract: The origin of near infrared absorption spectra in semiconducting CdF2 crystals is reviewed. Good agreement between theoretical calculations and experimental data for CdF2:Gd or Ga gives strong support to the photoionization origin of the near infrared absorption. Lack of an evident “chemical shift” for the different shallow impurities studied indicates the intrinsic nature of the shallow donors responsible for both the infrared absorption and conductivity of CdF2. Arguments are presented for attributing the line spectrum observed in lightly doped CdF2 with phonon replicas of zero-phonon ls–2p absorption masked by reststrahlen absorption of the host. It is proposed that for systems like semiconducting CdF2 such states should be described in terms of Fano's theory of discrete states degenerate with the continuum. Es wird die Ursache der Absorptionsspektren im nahen Infrarot in halbleitenden CdF2-Kristallen betrachtet. Die gute Ubereinstimmung zwischen theoretischen Berechnungen und experimentellen Werten fur CdF2:Gd oder Ga unterstutzt stark die Annahme einer Photoionisation fur dasNah-Infrarotspektrum. Das Fehlen eines augenscheinlichen „chemi-cal shift” fur die untersuchten verschiedenen flachen Storstellen weist auf die gittereigene Natur der fur Infrarotabsorption und Leitfahigkeit von CdF2 verantwortlichen flachen Donatoren hin. Es werden Argumente angegeben fur die Zuordnung des in schwach dotier-tem CdF2 beobachteten Linienspektrums mit den Phononenrepliken der Null-Phonon-ls–2p-Absorption, uberlagert durch die Reststrahlenabsorption des Wirtskristalls. Es wird vorgeschlagen, das fur Systeme wie halbleitendes CdF2 solche Zustande mit der Fanoschen Theorie diskreter Zustande, die mit dem Kontinuum entartet sind, beschreibbar sind.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a theory based on the method of moments is described which predicts exact lineshapes for the optical absorption of bound small polarons, which has been observed under uniaxial stress.
Abstract: A theory, based on the method of moments, is described which predicts exact lineshapes for the optical absorption of bound small polarons. This theory explains the position, large width, and high oscillator strength of the optical absorption of the V centre in MgO and the polarisation of V− in MgO, which has been observed under uniaxial stress. Eine Theorie, beruhend auf der Methode der Momente, wird beschrieben, die exakt die Linienform der optischen Absorption gebundener kleiner Polaronen herleitet. Diese Theorie erklart die Lage, grose Breite und hohe Oszillatorenstarke der optischen Absorption von V Zentren in MgO und die Polarisation von V− in MgO, welche unter ein-achsigem Druck beobachtet wurden.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyse the characteristics of the exciton absorption lines such as lineshapes, halfwidths, and oscillator strenghts, and find that the line An=1, E ⊥ c shows at low temperatures some anomalies, which cannot be explained in a model with weak exciton-photon coupling but are qualitatively well understandable in a polariton model with spatial dispersion.
Abstract: Transmission spectra are measured on extremly thin CdS single crystals with high quality in the energy range of exciton transitions from 1.8 °K to room temperature. Analysing the characteristics of the exciton absorption lines such as lineshapes, halfwidths, and oscillator strenghts it is found that the line An=1, E ⊥ c shows at low temperatures some “anomalies”, which cannot be explained in a model with weak exciton-photon coupling but are qualitatively well understandable in a polariton model with spatial dispersion. This is caused by the fact that at low temperatures the exciton-photon interaction prevails over the exciton-phonon interaction resulting in a weakly-damped polariton. Transmissionsspektren extrem dunner CdS-Einkristalle von hoher Qualitat werden im Energiebereich der Exzitonenubergange von 1,8 °K bis Raumtemperatur untersucht. Bei einer Analyse der Charakteristika der Exzitonenabsorptionslinien wie Linienformen, Halbwertsbreiten und Oszillatorstarken wurde gefunden, das die Linie An=1, E ⊥ c bei tiefen Temperaturen einige ”Anomalien„ zeigt, die nicht in einem Modell mit schwacher Exziton-Photon-Kopplung erklart werden konnen, die jedoch in einem Polaritonmodell mit raumlicher Dispersion gut verstandlich sind. Die Ursache hierfur ist, das bei tiefen Temperaturen die Exziton-Photon-Wechselwirkung uber die Exziton-Phonon-Wechselwirkung dominiert, wobei ein schwach gedampftes Polariton entsteht.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the frequency dependence of long-wavelength optical phonons on the composition of mixed crystals was investigated in the spectral region from 90 to 300 cm−1 at room temperature.
Abstract: Infrared reflection spectra from mixed crystals CdSexTe1–x (0 ≦ x ≦ 1) have been investigated in the spectral region from 90 to 300 cm−1 at room temperature. The spectra contain two distinct reststrahlen bands whose strengths and frequencies depend on the composition, x. Using Kramers-Kronig analysis the frequencies of long wavelength optical phonons were obtained. It is established, that the dependence of the phonon frequencies on the composition of crystals does not show any discontinuity when changing the structure of the mixture from zincblende to wurtzite. The calculations, based on the random-element isodisplacement (REI) model, of the dependence of long-wavelength optical phonon frequencies on the composition x are in good agreement with the experimental results. Nous avons etudie les spectres de reflection infrarouge des cristaux mixtes de CdSexTe1–x (0 ≦ x ≦ 1) dans la region spectrale de 90 a 300 cm−1 a temperature ambiante. Les spectres contient deux bandes a rayons restants dont l'intensite et la frequence depend de la composition x. Les frequences des phonons optiques de grandes longueurs d'ondes ont ete obtenues par inversion de Kramers-Kronig. II a ete etablie que les frequences en fonction de la composition x ne demontrent aucune discontinuite dans la region ou la structure change de la blende au wurtzite. Le calcul, base sur le modele de l'isodeplacement d'impuretes distribues aleatoirement (modele REI), des frequences des phonons optiques de grandes longueurs d'ondes en fonction de la composition x est en bon accord avec resultats experimentaux.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that the interaction of holes with non-polar, fully symmetric, optical phonons governs both the Hall mobility of the carriers and the temperature shift of the direct energy gap.
Abstract: In the layered semiconductor GaSe, the interaction of holes with non-polar, fully symmetric, optical phonons governs both the Hall mobility of the carriers and the temperature shift of the direct energy gap. The results are in agreement with theory and indicate that the interaction of charge carriers with acoustic phonons is rather weak. Dans le seleniure de gallium, un semiconducteur a structure en couches, l'interaction des trous avec des phonons optiques non polaires et totalement symetriques determine la mobilite des porteurs d'une part, et le coefficient de temperature du gap direct d'autre part. Les resultats sont en accord avec la theorie. Ils indiquent que la diffusion des porteurs de charge par les phonons acoustiques est faible.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, two Cu++ centers in NH4Cl single crystals grown from acid (I and neutral (II) aqueous solution were investigated by ESR and ENDOR at 4.2 °K.
Abstract: Two Cu++ centres in NH4Cl single crystals grown from acid (I) and neutral (II) aqueous solution were investigated by ESR and ENDOR at 4.2 °K. From the superhyperfine and quadrupole data obtained for several shells of neighbour nuclei the following centre models are proposed: in both centres Cu++ is at an interstitial site with 2 NH4+ vacancies along [001] at both sides of the Cu++. In centre I the vacancies are filled by H2O, in centre II by NH3. The precise configuration of the H2O and NH3 molecules could be determined. Zwei Cu++-Zentren in aus wassriger Losung gezogenen NH4Cl-Einkristallen (saure Losung: Zentrum I, neutrale Losung: Zentrum II) wurden mit ESR und ENDOR bei 4.2 °K untersucht. Aus den Superhyperfein- und Quadrupol-Daten, die fur mehrere Schalen benachbarter Kerne ermittelt wurden, werden folgende Modelle vorgeschlagen: Das Cu++-Ion sitzt in beiden Zentren auf einem Zwischengitterplatz mit 2 NH4+-Lucken entlang [001] beiderseits vom Cu++. In Zentrum I sind die Lucken mit H2O besetzt und in Zentrum II mit NH3. Die genaue Lage der H2O- und NH3-Molekule konnte bestimmt werden.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the dielectric tensor of pyrolytic graphite, cleaved with its surface perpendicular to the c-axis, has been determined using polarized synchrotron radiation of photon energies 3 eV ≦ hω ≦ 40 eV.
Abstract: The dielectric tensor (ω) of pyrolytic graphite, cleaved with its surface perpendicular to the c-axis, has been determined using polarized synchrotron radiation of photon energies 3 eV ≦ hω ≦ 40 eV. For this purpose the reflectivities were measured for nine angles of incidence between 15° and 75°, the electric field vector E lying parallel and perpendicular to the plane of incidence. The complex dielectric functions ⊥and ‖ for E perpendicular and parallel to the c-axis were obtained by a least squares fitting of the measured reflectivities to the calculated ones. In addition ⊥ was determined independently by a dispersion analysis of the reflectivity at 15° angle of incidence. The results showing strong anisotropy over the whole energy range are compared with previous optical data for and electron energy losses. On the basis of recent two and three dimensional band structure calculations the spectra are attributed to direct interband transitions from the π- and σ-type valence bands to π(σ)-and σ(π)-conduction bands for E ⊥ c (E ‖ c), respectively. Der dielektrische Tensor (ω) von pyrolytischem Graphit mit einer Spaltflache senkrecht zur c-Achse wurde fur Photonenenergien zwischen 3 und 40 eV mit polarisierter Synchrotronstrahlung bestimmt. Dazu wurden die Reflektivitaten fur neun Einfallswinkel zwischen 15° und 75° mit dem elektrischen Feldvektor E parallel und senkrecht zur Einfallsebene gemessen. Die komplexen dielektrischen Funktionen ⊥ und ‖ fur E senkrecht und parallel zur c-Achse wurden aus einem Vergleich von gemessenen und berechneten Reflektivitaten nach der Methode der kleinsten Quadrate erhalten. Unabhangig davon wurde zusatzlich ‖ aus einer Dispersionsanalyse der Reflektivitat bei 15° Einfallswinkel bestimmt. Die Resultate, die eine starke Anisotropie uber den ganzen Energiebereich zeigen, werden mit alteren optischen Daten fur und Elektronenenergieverlusten verglichen. An Hand neuerer zwei- und drei-dimensionaler Bandstrukturberechnungen werden die Spektren direkten Interbandubergangen von π- und σ-Valenzbandern zu π(σ)- und σ(π)-Leitungsbandern fur E ⊥ c (bzw. E ‖ c) zugeordnet.

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TL;DR: In this article, the states of the biexciton molecule are related to the band structure of the crystal and effects due to spin-orbit interaction and to electron-hole exchange are taken into account.
Abstract: The states of the biexciton molecule are related to the band structure of the crystal and effects due to spin–orbit interaction and to electron–hole exchange are taken into account. The cases of CuCl and CdS are explicitly studied and the possible bound states are given. Optical luminescence decay processes and two-photon excitation processes are discussed and related selection rules are given. In the case of CdS all decay processes are shown to produce polarized photons. Experimental results are analyzed and are compared with theoretical calculations of the biexciton ground state energy. Les etats de la molecule biexcitonique sont relies a la structure de bande du cristal en tenant compte des effets dǔs a l'interaction spin–orbite et a l'echange electron-trou. Les cas de CuCl et de CdS sont etudies en detail et on donne les etats lies possibles. On discute les processus de recombinaison luminescente et d'excitation optique a deux photons, avec leurs regles de selection. Dans le cas du CdS, on montre que toutes les recombinaisons radiatives produisent des photons polarises. Les resultats experimentaux sont discutes et compares aux calculs theoriques de l'energie de l'etat fondamental du biexciton.

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TL;DR: In this article, the tensor force model was used to study the lattice dynamics of graphite with a tensor-kraft model and it was shown that the agreement between theory and neutron scattering data is very good indicating that the molecular constants form a very good approximation to the crystal force constants.
Abstract: The lattice dynamics of graphite have been studied using a tensor force model. Force constant values for interactions between atoms in-plane have been transferred from the naphthalene molecule. It is shown that the agreement between theory and neutron scattering data is very good, indicating that the molecular constants form a very good approximation to the crystal force constants. Significant differences are, however, found between the present calculations and those of Nicklow et al. using an axially symmetric model, regarding some out-of-plane modes. It is assumed that these arise from the restrictions of the axially symmetric model. It is also shown that restoring forces corresponding to twisting motions about CC bonds in the plane are very small. Es wird die Gitterdynamik von Graphit mit einem Tensor-Kraftmodell untersucht. Die Werte der Kraftkonstanten fur Wechselwirkungen zwischen den Atomen innerhalb einer Ebene wurden vom Naphthalen-Molekul ubernommen. Es wird gezeigt, das die Ubereinstimmung zwischen Theorie und Neutronen-Streuwerten sehr gut ist, was zeigt, das die Molekulkonstanten eine sehr gute Naherung fur die Kristall-Kraftkonstanten bilden. Bedeutende Unterschiede werden jedoch zwischen den vorliegenden Rechnungen und denen von Nicklow et al. gefunden, die ein axial-symmetrisches Modell mit Einschlus einiger nichtebener Moden benutzten. Es wird angenommen, das sie von den Beschrankungen des axialsymmetrischen Modells herruhren. Es wird ebenfalls gezeigt, das rucktreibende Krafte, die Twist-Moden um die CC-Bindungen in der Ebene entsprechen, sehr klein sind.

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TL;DR: In this article, diamagnetic effects are included in the calculation of the electrical resistivity of a Bloch wall in a ferromagnetic metal, and the resulting electron orbits, which are convoluted zig-zag-ging trajectories near the wall, produce an increase in the resistivity which is roughly proportional to (ωcτ)2, where ωc is the cyclotron frequency of the electron due to the internal magnetization.
Abstract: Diamagnetic effects are included in the calculation of the electrical resistivity of a Bloch wall in a ferromagnetic metal. The resulting electron orbits, which are convoluted zig-zag-ging trajectories near the wall, produce an increase in the resistivity which is roughly proportional to (ωcτ)2, where ωc is the cyclotron frequency of the electron due to the internal magnetization. Such an effect explains satisfactorily the experimental data reported in the literature. Bei der Berechnung des elektrischen Widerstands einer Blochwand in ferromagnetischen Metallen wurden auch diamagnetische Effekte berucksichtigt. Die sich ergebenden Elek- tronenbahnen, welche zick-zackformige Trajektorien in der Nahe der Wand ergeben, ver- ursachen einen Anstieg des Widerstands, der ungefahr proportional zu (ωc τ)2 wobei ωc die von der internen Alagnetisierung herruhrende Zyklotronfrequenz ist. Ein derartiger Effekt erklart die in der Literatur veroffentlichten experimentellen Ergebnisse zufrieden-stellend.

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TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of dislocation core structure upon the relationship between the separation of Shockley partial dislocations and the stacking-fault energy (γ) of materials crystallising with a close-packed structure is investigated.
Abstract: The influence of dislocation core structure upon the relationship between the separation of Shockley partial dislocations and the stacking-fault energy (γ) of materials crystallising with a close-packed structure is investigated. It is shown that for the same separation of the partial dislocations a wide range of values of γ can be obtained assuming various core models. The relevance of these conclusions to measurements of the separations of partial dislocations using high resolution electron microscopy is discussed, and the importance of the various core parameters in the interpretation of the microscope images is considered. L'influence de la structure de coeur des dislocations sur la relation entre la separation des partielles de Shockley et l'energie de faute d'empilement (γ) des materiaux de structure compacte est etudiee. On montre que pour la měme separation des partielles, on peut obtenir des valeurs tres differentes pour γ suivant le modele de coeur. L'implication de ces conclusions sur les mesures de la separation des partielles en utilisant la microscopie electronique a haute resolution est discutee et on considere l'importance des differents parametres de coeur dans l'interpretation des images.

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TL;DR: In this article, the absorption spectra of V2O5 single crystals in the range 0.5 to 2.1 eV were presented and it was shown that two different centers are active.
Abstract: Absorption spectra are presented of V2O5 single crystals in the range 0.5 to 2.1 eV. From the behaviour of the optical absorption upon reduction, reoxidation, and annealing it follows that two different centres are active. The bands observed at 1.25 and 1.52 eV for a polarization parallel to the a-axis (E‖a) and at 1.0 eV for E‖c increase after homogeneous reduction and are attributed to oxygen vacancies. The remaining structure in the range 0.6 to 1.1 eV is influenced by annealing and quenching and is probably due to a centre related with stacking faults. A possible centre is the V–V pair proposed by Perlstein. Das optische Absorptionsspektrum von V205-Einkristallen wurde im Energiebereich von 0,5 bis 2,1 eV gemessen. Die Abhaangigkeit der Absorption von Reduktion, Reoxydation und Tempern der Kristalle weist darauf hin, daB zwei unterschiedliche Absorptions-zentren aktiv sind. Die Absorptionsbanden bei 1,25 und 1,52 eV (E‖a) und bei 1,0 eV (E‖c), werden durch homogene Reduktion erhoht und werden Sauerstoffleerstellen zu-geschrieben. Die brige Struktur im Bereich von 0,6 bis 1,1 eV wird durch Tempern und Abschrecken beeinflust und wird wahrscheinlich durch eine mit Stapelfehlern verbundene Storstelle verursacht. Das V–V-Paar-Model von Perlstein ist ein muliches Absorptions-zentrum.